Data Centres Using resources to support grid systems Another revenue stream?

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1 Data Centres Using resources to support grid systems Another revenue stream? Russell Bulley Technical Support Manger March 2019

2 2018 Vertiv 2

3 GLOBAL ELECTRICITY GENERATION & TRANSMISSION Peaks and Troughs why? 3

4 Great changes to electricity production across the globe 2018 Vertiv 4

5 Million toe Predictions of power generation and consumption 2000 Final energy consumption in buildings by fuel Across the globe there is a transition to lower carbon power sources but other energy sources have to fill the gap This is our interest area Renewables need support systems Oil Gas Coal Electricity BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2019 BP p.l.c /chapters/chapter_01/chapter_01/ 2018 Vertiv

6 REQUIRING A RESILIENT CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE Smart Mobility/Wifi Smart Manufacturing Smart Building Public Cloud Private Cloud Smart Grid Smart Transportation Smart Health Smart Citizen Open Data Smart Government Edge computing Smart Agriculture 2018 Vertiv 6

7 BEYOND COMPUTE & PERSONAL DEVICES 2018 Vertiv 7

8 ADD ELECTRIC VEHICLES. Adding cars and trucks into the mix means that the inertia of the grid is being challenged. Traditionally this meant shovelling more coal on the fire, rising steam pressure and keeping turbines turning. Now there is a mix of battery and other storage technologies joining these together. Table courtesy of SMMT This means generation has a new huge load that is very unpredictable and non linear as charge starts high then falls as a curve, and every battery has a different state of charge! 2018 Vertiv 8

9 UK ELECTRICITY DEMAND FORECAST Annual UK electricity demand Source: National Grid. CRITICAL ADVANTAGE 2018 Vertiv WEBCAST 9

10 So we have a variable massive generation portfolio many items are not under any control with the weather being the ultimate source Without coal generation this is what happens TWh Table 5.1. Fuel used in electricity generation and electricity supplied Massive increase in gas for power generation Think about loss of a major gas supply 0 Q3/16 Q4/16 Q1/17 Q2/17 Q3/17 Q4/17 Q1/18 Q2/18 Q3/18 Coal Oil Nuclear Hydro (natural flow) Wind and Solar 2 Bioenergy 3 Pumped Storage Other fuels Gas 2018 Vertiv 10

11 PRICING ON THE UK SPOT MARKET 2018 Vertiv 11

12 STORAGE Bridging the gap between demand and generation resources 12

13 SETTING THE SCENE POWER GRIDS So what is going on? More renewables = more variation in power production In the UK we waste The National Grid and other grid operators about need tools 7% to of smooth out peaks and troughs in supply and generated demand. energy in the transmission The weather now a big factor in prediction of demand and hence supply. system clients pay for that Then we have the Government trying to drive prices down We have the internet of things and the drive to join many sorts of energy and user together Data centres will form part of the local economy going forward maybe selling waste heat to the community. The batteries from the data centre could also be used as a local resource for storing the communities locally produced energy But we now have a market, a stock market of sorts, where electricity is traded and maybe where there is money Vertiv 13

14 THE VALUE STACK Frequency and inertia response Short term operating reserve Local network peaks Day-ahead trading Behind-the-meter Capacity Market 2018 Vertiv

15 So there is a market Europe may have more resilience less volatility But reserves are still required and using independent operators to provide reserve in case of system failure, wind or solar not being available. And for us? Remember Data centers use 416 terawatt hours of electricity each year and consume 2% of global energy... Nov 19, 2018, 2018 Vertiv 15

16 Who has been involved since the beginning? 11December 1896 A very considerable and valuable addition to the capacity of the Manchester Corporation Electric Light works has recently been made by means of a storage battery equipment. The electrical details are as follows: The normal rate of discharge is 600Amps from each of the four batteries, or a total of 2400Ampres at 100Volts delivered in the mains, the normal discharge is 300 amperes from each battery, and under the latter conditions the total watt hour capacity of the battery reaches 1,250,000 watt hours. The normal charging current is 300 Amperes. The battery has been supplied and erected by the Chloride Electrical Storage Syndicate limited Clifton Junction Manchester and consists of 224 cells each containing seventy three plates of their well known R type Vertiv

17 17 R&D, NEW PRODUCTS AND SERVICES Grid Support Systems Front-of Meter Grid-Support-Enable Behind Meter Aggregation Behind Meter EXL GS 1MW EXL GS 1.25MW Aggregation Pilot ENEC based Systems for Grid Support Enabled Telecom Power Supplies Integrated Modular Battery Energy Storage EXL GS 1.25MW HVDC Aggregation Cloud Platform Virtual Power Plant compatibility (EXL and Cube) Geographies covered UPS: 80-NET and Trinergy Classic Li-Ion compatible UPS UK UPS: EXL and Cube UK, Spain, Ireland, Italy, Sweden, Finland, explore rest of EMEA Focus for Critical Energy is to participate in the market growth and expand geographically Preliminary planning document, subject to consultation, negotiation or other local legal requirements Vertiv

18 18 GRID-SUPPORT ENABLED DEVICES: UPS LAYOUT GSE - BtM DATA CENTER «ACTIVE CONSUMER» Liebert EXL or Liebert Trinergy Cube UPS Field bus Service Algorithms Mains Power Service System Control M Critical IT Loads National Grid or site loads for offset UPS Battery Storage Primary Mission (UPS) State Machine Vertiv

19 MAKING THE MOVE TO ENERGY PROSUMER *Additional Notes 19

20 UPS CAN BE THE ENERGY FLEXIBILITY ENABLER Traditional UPS Services Backup Power Power Quality Vertiv Liebert exl UPS Grid-facing converter (Rectifier) used as Flexibility Enabler Vertiv 20

21 MAKING A SAFE TRANSITION TO «PROSUMER» Data Center «Prosumers» Site Controller G Field bus Flexibility Control Mains Power M ATM Critical Loads National Grid Service(s) Primary Mission (UPS) State Machine Sizing (kwh) Technology (VRLA, Li-ion) Cycling UPS Battery Storage Primary mission always comes first! UPS primary mission untouched, granted battery energy level for backup purposes Vertiv 21

22 ENHANCED UPS SERVICES Traditional UPS Services Backup Power Power Quality Enhanced UPS Services Backup Power Power Quality Demand Management Vertiv Liebert exl UPS Energy Arbitrage Grid Services Additional services use excess battery capacity, provide no increased risk to traditional UPS services 2018 Vertiv 22

23 New UPS Generator on islanded mode 2018 Vertiv

24 New UPS charging batteries with both generator and/or mains 2018 Vertiv

25 2018 Vertiv 25

26 THANK YOU FOR ATTENDING! Contact details: Russell Bulley Technical Support Manager

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28 GSE operations for UPS Ups Input ~/~ ~/= =/~ Load Load Gss Ups Input Battery =/= Battery SAMPLE: «EXL GSE» 1000kVA 2018 Vertiv

29 GSE operations for UPS Ups Input ~/~ ~/= =/~ Load Load Gss Ups Input Battery =/= Battery SAMPLE: «EXL GSE» 1000kVA 2018 Vertiv

30 GSE operations for UPS Ups Input ~/~ ~/= =/~ Load Load Gss Ups Input Battery =/= Battery SAMPLE: «EXL GSE» 1000kVA 2018 Vertiv

31 GSE operations for UPS Ups Input ~/~ 0 ~/= =/~ Load Load Gss Ups Input Battery =/= Battery SAMPLE: «EXL GSE» 1000kVA 2018 Vertiv

32 GSE operations for UPS Ups Input ~/~ 0 ~/= =/~ Load Load Gss Ups Input Battery =/= Battery SAMPLE: «EXL GSE» 1000kVA 2018 Vertiv