Distributed Storage Systems

Transcription

1 Distributed Storage Systems Presented by: Dr. Dan Weinstock & Guy Lichtenstern 11/12/2017

2 Milestones of PV Industry Photovoltaic effect discovered by Edmond Becquerel The Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded to Albert Einstein for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect" First silicon p-n junction solar cell made at Bell Labs Solar cells used to power satellites (Vanguard I Modern PV market starts in Germany 9 markets with >100MW annual installations >40 markets with >100MW annual installations 231GW installed solar capacity worldwide, 1.1% of global power generation (doubled in 2 years) April 30 th Germany breaks a solar record gets 85% of electricity from renewables Over its lifetime, a typical PV module, in a sunny climate, will produce over twenty times the energy initially used to manufacture it. Less than 2-year Energy Payback. 2

3 PV Production Does Not Align with Consumption Morning Noon Evening Excess Energy 5

4 Storage & Renewable Effect of PV (net-metering scheme) on net load in a single day in California throughout 8 years ( E) Risk of over-generation in the afternoon and an increased need for ramp up as solar drops off Ramp up requirement of approx. 13,000MW in three hours 6 * GTM article: California s Fowl Problem: 10 Ways to Address the Renewable Duck Curve, 10 Ways to Solve the Renewable Duck Curve

5 The Evolution of Incentive Structures FiT Utilities pay renewable energy producers a fixed and above-retail rate for electricity supplied to the grid. Net Metering The cost of the electric energy consumed from the grid is offset by the electric energy generated by the renewable source. Self-Consumption PV system owners consume self-generated solar electricity. Interconnected Network Grid and distributed PV systems interact to meet demand. 7

6 Storage Terms For those who are interested in storage, I recommend to read the white paper of IEC on EES (only 78 pages in English and font 8 - ) There are many (up to 17) different applications for storage, that one can divide to 5 groups: Electric Supply Applications Ancillary Services Applications Grid System Applications End User / Utility Customer Renewables Integration Applications 8

7 Storage Terms It is important to distinguish between: Energy application Power application Other important parameters: Efficiency Life time $/kwh self discharge native voltage operating temperature Warranty Safety mechanisms 9

8 Storage Applications Consumer Utilitiy 10

9 Storage Applications Utility 11

10 Applications for Utilities Would a one hour peak justify building a new road? 12

11 Demand Response Reduces or shifts consumer electricity demand patterns during peak periods Provides a flexible, scalable demand-side resource Power companies can control loads or batteries to meet their needs Grid takes control 13

12 Grid Services Virtual Power Plant (VPP) Charge battery Discharge battery 14

13 Dark Start When a grid s instability reaches critical levels, utilities may cut off entire sub grids from the network The stored energy is being used for a dark-start unit that provides energy to help other units restart and provide a reference frequency for synchronization 15

14 The Virtual Power Plant Groups of resources on the network can be controlled to meet a greater goal Can be utilized for scheduled commands and real time response Requires sophisticated management and control capabilities 17

15 Application for Consumers Consumer Utility 19

16 Time-of-Use Electricity prices vary according to time and season Systems react to changing tariffs Low Tariff: Charge PV power to battery for later use OR charge battery from grid (if allowed) High Tariff: Discharge battery to meet loads OR feed-in to the grid (if allowed) Create profiles day-by-day based on site consumption Time-of-use example: California rates 20

17 Peak Shaving Challenge: Avoid peak demand charges Can reach 30% of the utility bill Solution: Utilize stored energy to lower the peak demand 21 * Source: Marsden Jacob Associates' analysis (2011)

18 Peak Shaving Example Demand before going solar Demand with solar, no battery Demand with solar and battery 411kW 395kW 344kW Demand <350kW threshold rate $8/kW Demand >350kW threshold rate $13/kW 395kW x $13/kW = $5, kW x $8/kW = $2,752 At least a $2,383/month incentive to stay under 350kW threshold 22 * Source: The Solar Report/ Demand Charges part 3

19 Backup Power Outages becoming more frequent due to e.g. natural disasters, unstable grid etc. After Hurricane Sandy in 2012, NY utilities restored power to 95% of customers only 13 days after peak outage Extended outages result in: Dark nights Spoiled food No electric heat No communication Frozen water pipes Backup power can be supplied day or night by a combination of PV and battery 23 *

20 Backup Power Grid is on Charge battery from solar power Important loads are powered by the PV system and the battery No Grid Electricity Important loads are powered by the battery 24 During long power outages, the battery can be charged by the PV system

21 How do we get there? 25

22 Enhancing Renewable Proliferation Three separate developments need to happen: Product Individual components advancement Product System Synchronization of products and components Seamless user experience Network Multiple systems synced to create a distributed network System Distributed Network Network 26

23 Product Evolution Product: Individual components need to advance Digitization for increased functionality and processing power Smart inverters supporting flexible, adaptive, and fast bidirectional communications Efficiency improvements for improved system RoI Cost reductions, mainly in battery storage for scalability Product Distributed Network System Network 27

24 System Evolution Synchronization of products and components Harmonious user experience Integration of computer learning and artificial intelligence Product PV Storage Backup Device control Distributed Network System Network 28

25 Network Evolution Updates to grid Updated regulation Appropriate transmission fee Cyber security and privacy standards Product Distributed Network System Network 29

26 A New Model for Energy Generation Centralized power production remained unchanged for nearly a century High-tech industries, moved towards a distributed model Improved reliability, service, security, and costs The renewable industry can leverage this model to Minimize transmission costs Create redundancy & improve stability Lower cost to all stake holders Lower the vulnerability to malicious attacks Centralized Network Distributed Network 30

27 Value for All Stakeholders Pooling PV and storage in the cloud enables new grid services & revenue streams for all involved stakeholders Distribution / Transmission Utility Grid Support Generation Shortage Households Maximized Self-Consumption Backup TOU Retailer / Market Participants Energy stability Protection from energy price peaks 31

28 THANK YOU! facebook.com/solaredge twitter.com/solaredgepv solaredge.com/blog solaredge.com Cautionary Note Regarding Market Data & Industry Forecasts This power point presentation contains market data and industry forecasts from certain third-party sources. This information is based on industry surveys and the preparer s expertise in the industry and there can be no assurance that any such market data is accurate or that any such industry forecasts will be achieved. Although we have not independently verified the accuracy of such market data and industry forecasts, we believe that the market data is reliable and that the industry forecasts are reasonable.