Effects of Smart Grid Technology on the Bulk Power System

Transcription

1 Effects of Smart Grid Technology on the Bulk Power System Rana Mukerji Senior Vice President Market Structures New York Independent System Operator Union College 2013 Environmental Science, Policy & Engineering Winter Seminar Series February 28, 2013 Schenectady, NY

2 Roles of the NYISO Reliable operation of the bulk electricity grid Managing the flow of power on 11,000 circuit-miles of transmission lines from more than 300 generating units Administration of open and competitive wholesale electricity markets Bringing together buyers and sellers of energy and related products and services Planning for New York s energy future Assessing needs over a 10-year horizon and evaluating projects proposed to meet those needs Advancing the technological infrastructure of the electric system Developing and deploying information technology and tools to make the grid smarter 2

3 NYISO Metrics New York State population 19.2 million 2011 load 163,330 GWH 2012 Required Installed Capacity 38,622 MW Record peak (Aug. 2, 2006) 33,939 MW Generating units 300+ High-voltage transmission 11,016 circuit-miles Average annual market transactions $7.5 Billion Market Participants

4 Smart Grid Future Seamless integration of variable energy resources Wind, solar, hydropower Dynamic price signals Coordination between retail and wholesale electricity markets Aggregation of retail loads Intelligent load responding to price Plug-in hybrid vehicles Advanced consumer components Enhanced control of power grid 4

5 Renewable Resources Renewable resource capacity additions in include: Black River Biomass Howard Wind Marble River Wind Hardscrabble Wind Taylor Biomass Hardscrabble Wind 74 MW 2011 Howard Wind 62 MW 2011 Long Island Solar Farm PV 32 MW 2011 Marble River Wind 218 MW 2012 Black River Biomass 56 MW 2013* Taylor Biomass 20 MW 2013* *scheduled, but not yet completed Long Island Solar Farm 5

6 Proposed Generation * includes methane, wood and solid waste 6

7 Wind Capacity NY wind capacity grew from 48 MW in to 1,414 MW in

8 Wind Generation NY wind generation grew from 112 GWh in 2004 to 2,787 GWh in

9 Wind Power in NY Existing 1,414 MW Proposed 2,373 MW *NYISO Interconnection Queue -Sept

10 Wind Forecasting Overview Forecaster Power Forecasts Internet Implemented in 2008 AWS Truewind provides forecasts: Day Ahead and Real-Time For each wind plant Wind generators have access to their individual plant forecasts Wind Generators NYISO NYISO uses wind plant forecasts in Day-Ahead and Real-Time economic commitment and dispatch software 10

11 Pioneering Wind Dispatch Forecaster Meteorological data (every 30 seconds) Forecast data Day-ahead forecast 4AM and 4PM Current power data (every 30 seconds) Real-time forecast every 15 mins Offer $/MW for Real-Time Market, Meteorological data Wind Plants Basepoint MW in Real-Time Market NYISO In May 2009, FERC approved NYISO to become the first grid operator to fully integrate wind resources within its economic dispatch process 11

12 Economic Dispatch Benefits of integrating wind units into Security Constrained Economic Dispatch Wind resources may indicate their economic willingness to generate Uses the most efficient resources to address reliability requirements while minimizing the wind energy limitations Reduces less efficient, out-ofmarket actions to maintain reliable operations 12

13 Solar Power 2012 NYISO exempts solar power from undergeneration penalties to compensate solar fully for all energy production Future Market evolution for solar resources likely to parallel wind power initiatives Grid-scale solar in NY The largest photovoltaic array in the eastern US is the 32-MW Long Island Solar Farm at Brookhaven National Laboratory completed in Nov

14 Energy Storage Energy storage technologies in NY Large-scale hydro pumped storage Flywheels and advanced battery systems Proposed Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) Energy storage in NYISO markets Traditional Pumped Storage Generator Limited Energy Storage Resource (LESR) 14

15 Energy Storage NYISO implements first market rules in U.S. enabling LESR storage systems to participate in the markets as frequency regulation providers Energy storage complements development of variable energy resources NY s Energy Storage Firsts First commercial grid-scale battery-based storage system to operate as a generator in the US First full-scale flywheel energy storage facility to provide frequency regulation service in the US 15

16 Demand Response 5,807 locations statewide 16

17 Shaving the Peak July 2011 heat waves could have pushed demand to over 35,000 MW -- a new record peak -- had DR programs not served to reduce load by more than 1,400 MW 38,000 36,000 34,000 32,000 30,000 28,000 26,000 24,000 22,000 20,000 NYCA 2011 Peak Day With & Without Demand Response Estimated Load without DR Actual Load with DR Actual Without Demand Response 17

18 Dynamic Pricing Impact of Dynamic Pricing on Hourly Loads NYISO/Brattle Group Study Dynamic pricing can encourage shift to off-peak usage Potential 10-14% reduction in system peak Market-based customer cost reductions of 2-5% 18

19 Demand - Smarter Characteristics On-site generation Fuel cell PV cells Storage Thermal storage Participates in DR Programs Price Sensitive Challenges Load Forecasting Price-driven grid instability Conforming Load Non-Conforming Load 19

20 Regional Collaboration Broader Regional Markets Address seams between regional markets and grid operations Collaborative effort - NYISO, PJM Interconnection, Midwest ISO, ISO- New England, Ontario s Independent System Operator and Hydro Quebec More frequent scheduling can facilitate better regional integration of variable, renewable resources 20

21 Broader Regional Markets Converges Prices between Control Areas 21

22 NYISO Smart Grid Project NYISO and New York electric utilities working together on $75M smart grid initiative Funding from U.S. Department of Energy Smart Grid Investment Grant (SGIG) of more than $37M Rate-supported funding authorized by NYS Public Service Commission 22

23 Project Components Project includes installation of capacitor banks and phasor measurement units (PMUs) across the state Capacitors reduce electricity lost when transmitted over long distances -- projected annual savings of $7.6 million PMU data will improve visibility of grid conditions -- relaying info 360 times faster than present -- to help avoid outages such as the 2003 blackout 23

24 Control Center Smart Grid Software Applications Voltage Collapse Proximity Monitoring Phasor Enhanced State Estimation Monitoring and Trending Key Transmission Voltages Angles of Separation Interface MW and MVAr flows Low Frequency Oscillation/Damping Wide area event detection 24

25 NYISO Control Center New state-of-the-art primary control center adjacent to existing corporate center scheduled for Fall 2013 Renovation of current power control facility to serve as alternate control center and host new data center Existing Corporate Center New Primary Power Control Center 25

26 Markets & System Operations Broader Broader Regional Markets, Gas-Electric Coordination, Smart Grid system visualization & security Gas Distribution Companies Electric System Status Coordinate Operations & Practices Operational Flow Orders Gas Pipelines NYISO Control Center PMU Data 26

27 Markets & System Operations Deeper DR, PV, PEV aggregation and Wind/Solar integration Demand Response Aggregator Dispatch Instructions & Prices Evolutionary Market Design NYISO Control Center Wind/Solar Generators 27

28 Smart Grid What needs to happen? Industry standards Uniform standards for communication and interoperability Removal of barriers Alleviating legal and regulatory policy barriers Informed customers Better education and timely information for consumers 28

29 Moving Forward 29

30 The New York Independent System Operator (NYISO) is a not-for-profit corporation responsible for operating the state s bulk electricity grid, administering New York s competitive wholesale electricity markets, conducting comprehensive long-term planning for the state s electric power system, and advancing the technological infrastructure of the electric system serving the Empire State. 30