Smart Grids and the Change of the Electric System Paradigm

Transcription

1 2010 February 9 Lisbon Campus da FEUP Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto Portugal T F jpl@fe.up.pt Smart Grids and the Change of the Electric System Paradigm João A. Peças Lopes Director INESC Porto 2010

2 Introduction Europe has agreed to a legally binding objective: meet 20% of European energy needs with renewable energies to put the EU on track to a low-carbon economy by This means intensive use of resources like: biomass, hydro, wind, solar. This means intensive use of distributed generation. This means a more rational and efficient use of energy

3 Introduction The new targets on RES European member states with a significant share of electricity requirements being met by renewable power sources (DG resources) 50% - 55% target on electricty generation from renewable power sources defined for Portugal [REN]

4 New chalanges for the electric power industry: The SmartGrid From G. Strbac

5 SmartGrids: exploiting DER (DG+loads) value

6 Smart Players and SmartGrids Smart Generation Smart Storage Smart Consumption Smart Grid Distribution system operators need to manage Flexibility from consumers, DG and network (including new ancillary services)

7 What is expectable from a SmartGrid? Definition: A SmartGrid is an electricity network that can intelligently integrate the actions of all users connected to it - generators, consumers and those that do both - in order to efficiently deliver sustainable, economic and secure electricity supplies. Main characteristics of a SmartGrid Two way communication everywhere Extensive use of sensors Control over power flows Adaptive protections, semi automated restoration, self healing, System capacity extension to the limits (dynamic monitoring) Large penetration of DG and intermittent power sources (millions of μgenerators) Full price information, dynamic tariffs, active demand response Integrated demand side automation. Increased efficiency of operation

8 MicroGeneration (and Microgrids): Enabling SmartGrids PV MC LC MC Microturbine LC Wind Gen MC LC LC MGCC MC Storage Device LC MC Fuel Cell 2009 Portugál Magyar Kereskedelmi Kamara Conference - Mór

9 Evolution of the MicroGrid Concept New concept Multi-Microgrids 250 kva 400 kva 400 kva 250 kva 160 kva 160 kva 160 kva 250 kva 160 kva G Requires a higher level structure, at the MV level, consisting of LV Microgrids and DG units connected on several adjacent MV feeders Microgrids, DG units and MV loads under DSM control can be considered as active cells, for the purpose of control and management An effective management of such a system requires the development of a hierarchical control architecture, where intermediate control will be exercised by a Central Autonomous Management Controller (CAMC) to be installed at a HV/MV substation

10 Increase in Distributed Storage Large scale distribute storage will turn into a reality in the years to come: PHEV / EV Stationary storage Storage will be used to help manage the distribution grid in steady state and emergency operation (islanding, restoration) 10 To be managed by the Energy Box; Additional business opportunities

11 New Control Architectures (Distribution Grid) DMS Distribution Management System CAMC Central Autonomous Management Controller MGCC MicroGrid Central Controller RTU Remote Terminal Unit MV LV PV DC AC MC LC Flywheel MC AC DC LC MC AC DC LC DMS MGCC MC AC DC MC MC LC CHP AC DC Fuel Cell Micro-Turbine

12 New Solutions: new management tools Example: Wind Power Forecasting Tools

13 Flow Control and Peak Shaving Optimization at the MV Level Optimization problem within the MMG: P G = P Gnc + P Gc i i i P P L = P i Lnc + i Lc i Controlled from the CAMC

14 Coordinated Frequency Support Local secondary frequency control should be designed such that load shedding is also managed Frequency Deviation following Islanding of the Multi-MicroGrid System Active Power Set-Points sent by the CAMC to the DG Units and MicroGrids Frequency (Hz) 49.5 Output Power (pu) With Hierarchical Control Without Hierarchical Control Time (s) MGCC 3 Hydro CHP Time (s)

15 New DMS Operation Functionalities Load Forecast Voltage VAR Control Fault Detection Load Aggregation State Estimation System Restoration Generation Forecast Frequency Control Managing Network Congestion Ancillary service Markets Trainning Simulators

16 Smart Grids: Technology model

17 Using the Standards: The IEC Interface Reference Model (IRM) is asset based and provides a thread that ties the ecosystems together in a robust network of model content towards the Smart Grid Distribution Management Business Functions Business Functions External To Distribution Management (NO) Network Operation (AM) Records & Asset Management (OP) Operational Planning & Optimization (MC) Maintenance & Construction (EMS) Energy Management & Energy Trading (RET) Retail (SC) Supply Chain and Logistics Interface Standard: Part 3 Interface Standard: Part 4 Interface Standard: Part 5 Interface Standard: Part 6 Interface Standard: Part 10 Interface Standard: Part 10 Interface Standard: Part 10 IEC Compliant Middleware Services Interface Standard: Part 7 Interface Standard: Part 8 Interface Standard: Part 9 Interface Standard: Part 10 Interface Standard: Part 10 Interface Standard: Part 10 Interface Standard: Part 10 (NE) Network Extension Planning (CS) Customer Support (MR) Meter Reading & Control (ACT) Customer Account Management (FIN) Financial (PRM) Premises (HR) Human Resources Electric Distribution Network Planning, Constructing, Maintaining, and Operating Generation and Transmission Management, Enterprise Resource Planning, Supply Chain, and General Corporate Services

18 SmartMetering infrastructure helps to technically manage dist. resources ICTs

19 The need to make a mobility shift towards electric mobility From IEA Electric Mobility The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concluded that emissions must be reduced by 50% to 85% by 2050 if global warming is to be confined to between 2 C and 2.4 C

20 Additional chalanges for the electric power industry A new revolution is on the way PHEV and the V2G concept: These electric vehicles will require the use of electric batteries with capacity to store energy, PHEV will either be: Controllable charges that absorb energy and Storage devices that may provide electricity to grid

21 Integration of PHEV in the electric power system Problems Peak load will increase requiring more conventional power plants Network congestion problems and large voltage drops (also unbalacing in LV grids) for dumb charging approaches MW 9,0 8,0 7,0 6,0 5,0 4,0 3,0 2,0 1,0 0, Hour High Penetration Medium Penetration Low Penetration Smart charging is required using dynamic tariff schemes and additional control procedures where the electronic interface will respond to voltage and frequency changes at the battery grid connection point

22 Integrated control infrastructure TSO Hierarchical Control Scheme

23 Conceptual framework for EV integration The aggregator concept: Market Operation Peak Power Electric Energy Reserves Reserves Load Shifting Distribution System Electric Energy Peak Power Load Shifting Reserves Electric Energy Electricity Market Operators

24 Benefits of SmartGrids From G. Strbac 2009

25 Smart Players Smart Generation Smart Grid Smart Consumption Smart Storage The success of the shift requires: Smart Regulation

26 Smart Regulation New challenges for the Regulator: Define rules for flexibility These rules should ensure the supply of sufficient flexibility resources: Bilateral contracts / Markets Voluntary or mandatory Calculate the value of flexibility Quantify the needs for flexibility A new regulatory framework

27 Conclusions We are on the verge of a fundamental shift in the Energy Industry. A Smart Grid will be the fundamental service platform for future years. This service platform will provide and act as a catalyst for current green technologies (e.g., energy efficiency, demand response) and emerging green technologies (e.g., photovoltaic, energy storage, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles). The integration, in an efficient way, of large shares of renewable energy sources requires a set of new technical solutions and operational rules. Significant Technology risk exists that can be mitigated by a managed development process and pilot deployments. The future integration of PEV will bring new challenges and opportunities to the electric power system industry

28 Thank you