Critical Power: What s New in Electrical Engineering: Smart Grid and Transformers. Sponsored by:

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1 Critical Power: What s New in Electrical Engineering: Smart Grid and Transformers Sponsored by:

2 About the Viewer Panel Technical problems? Click on the HELP button Send a question from the Questions & Answers window Slides: Click Enlarge slides button to view expanded window Slides should change automatically Click on Download slides for PDF of all slides Warning: The PDF will be a big file Archive: Within 7 days, an archive with Q&A will be posted We will send an to registered attendees with hyperlink Can also access from home page

3 AIA CES learning units (LU) To obtain AIA CES learning units: Go to the Links tab and click on the exam link Take a 10-question exam for 1 LU (learning unit) Get 8 answers correct to pass Certificate available to download once you pass You must be registered for the Webcast to take the exam and qualify for continuing education credits If attending as a guest of a registrant: Access the archive at Complete the registration form View the archive and download slides Take the exam to obtain learning units (LU)

4 Quality Assurance Consulting-Specifying Engineer, as a publication of CFE Media, is registered provider J619 with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-aia members are available on request. This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

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7 Speakers: Chris Edward, electrical engineer, KJWW Engineering Consultants, Warrenville, Ill. Sam Sciacca, president, SCS Consulting, Winsted, Conn. Jack Smith, Consulting-Specifying Engineer and CFE Media LLC

8 Part 1 - Introduction of the concepts of Solid State Transformers and DC interface at distribution and household levels. Chris Edward for Critical Power: What's New in Electrical Engineering: Smart Grid and Transformers

9 Introduction to Solid State Transformers and DC interface.

10 LEARNING OBJECTIVES Growing concerns with the grid Solid State Transformer basics Communications overview Existing technologies Barriers to implementation

11 Why is a smarter grid needed? REDUNDANCY & INSTANT INFORMATION ALLOW NEW GENERATION AND LOAD TYPES Reliability Complexity Efficiency Control GRID OPTIMIZATION AUTOMATED RESPONSE

12 40 Homes on a 250kVA pad-mounted transformer

13 Same 40 Homes, with 10 Plug-In Electric Vehicles (PEV s)

14 Solid State Transformer Overview SiC MOSFET transistors ~1% size and weight of traditional transformer High frequency transformation High voltage & current levels

15 Solid State Transformer Advantages Higher efficiencies Can take different voltage inputs (DC, AC) Distributed Generation Bi-directional power flow Data collection node Modularity possible Controllable Volt/Var regulation Load signaling Load prioritization

16 Substation Level Inputs AC HIGH VOLTAGE HVDC SOLAR/WIND DC BUS ENERGY STORAGE MEDIUM VOLTAGE (AC) LOAD 1 LOAD 2

17 Local Level Inputs MEDIUM VOLTAGE (AC) SOLAR/WIND DC BUS PEV CHARGING COMMERCIAL LOW VOLTAGE (AC) RESIDENTIAL

18 Communications Internal status monitoring Waveform characteristics Pricing signals Load monitoring DG inputs

19 Control & Automation Solid State Transformers may set voltage, power factor and reduce harmonics for grid efficiency gains. Monitoring and control of different load flows When to use energy storage, distributed generation Inter-market activities Demand Response

20 How do SST s fit in to the Smart Grid? As a substitute for (some) Phasor Measurement Units (PMU s) As the cornerstone of local area communications and automation As the integrator and processor for substation level distribution

21 Power Line Communications Integrated into future Smart Grid? Solid State Transformers would remove an obstacle.

22 Existing capabilities Monitoring of transformer alarms Temperature readings (oil, hot spot, etc.) Load Gas & moisture detection Tap Changer position, count, temperature Forecasting Automated switching

23 Barriers to entry for SST s Still in R&D phase. Field testing, operational installations still needed Cost of grid-scale equipment Perceived need Image courtesy of the National Science Foundation

24 Summary Improvements on traditional transformers: Able to handle DC and Bi-directional power Smaller size & weight Can communicate and control May improve grid efficiency by reducing internal losses and controlling real-time Volt/VAR characteristics SST s can add functionality at the local level: Relay pricing signals to end users Allow for PEV fast charging on DC Predict and avoid overload conditions

25 Transformer Concepts for Bi-directional Power Flow Sam Sciacca for Critical Power: What's New in Electrical Engineering: Smart Grid and Transformers

26 Transformers in the Smart Grid Smart Grid IT overview Utility transformer/interconnect requirements Communications Utility situational awareness Utility protection and control requirements Customer situational awareness

27 Smart Grid IT: 2030 and Beyond Cyber security Software system engineering Operations, monitoring, and control Planning, analysis, simulation Communication & networking Computing Visualization & data management Security Analysis Simulation Computing Control Data Management Monitoring 27

28 Utility Requirements

29 Know The Utility Requirements Equipment standards (IEEE C57 series) Apparatus arrangement High side breaker Low side breaker Both? Ground switches/disconnects Protection Scheme

30 Know The Utility Requirements Interconnect standards (IEEE 1547) Interoperability (IEEE 2030) Metering location Specific utility requirements Regulatory requirements

31 31 IEEE Standards for Smart Grid Renewables

32 Methodological Interoperability Framework composed of: Three Interoperability Architecture Perspectives (IAP): Power System (PS) IEEE 2030 Smart Grid Conceptual Reference Models Smart Grid Interoperability Communications Architecture Conceptual Reference Models (NIST, IEC, etc.) Power Systems Architecture Information Technology Architecture Communications Guidance Technology (CT) Information Technology (IT) Smart Grid Applications Architecture Application AMI Architecture Application PEV etc. Architectur e Smart Transforme rs IAPs Interoperability Tables e.g., additional IEEE 2030 standards

33 Communications

34 Communications Required for both the utility and the customer/owner. Issues that require attention/decision Protocol choice (DNP3, IEC 61850, IEC , Modbus+) Communications media (Copper, wireless, LANbased) Communications Equipment (IEEE 1613 compliance) Isolation Dual metering communications access Time synchronization Cyber security

35 Applicable IEEE Standards IEEE C37 Series for Synchrophasers C series, P PMU testing and installations, PC Phasor Data Concentrator Requirements IEEE 1815 Distribution Network Protocol IEEE P Exchanging Information Between Networks IEEE 1588 Time Synchronization IEEE C Precision Time Protocol in Power System Applications IEEE 802 Series Networking IEEE C37.1 Standard for SCADA and Automation Systems Courtesy of Siemens

36 IEEE Standards for Cyber Security IEEE Standard for Substation Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED)Cyber Security Capabilities IEEE P Standard for Cyber Security Requirements for Substation Automation, Protection and Control Systems IEEE Cryptographic Protocol for Cyber Security of Substation Serial Links IEEE Standard for Physical Security of Electric Power Substations

37 Utility Situational Awareness

38 Greater Utility Situational Awareness Isolating apparatus position Volt/VAR control capabilities Synchrophasers (large power injections) Lockout/Tagout

39 Utility Protection and Control Requirements

40 Protection and Control Utility crew tagout access authorization Reclosing Synchcheck Set Points (voltage, VAR support) Anti-islanding Breaker control

41 Customer Situational Awareness

42 Customer/Owner Information Utility set points and substation status Utility work orders Transformer performance and alarm Metering

43 Submitting Questions, Exit Survey and Archive Question? Type your question in the Questions & Answers box on the Webcast console and click Send. We will get to as many questions as we have time for. Exit Survey: Please take a moment to answer a few questions on our exit survey that should pop up on your screen. We use the answers to help make improvements to our webcast program. Archive: Within 7 days, an archive with Q&A will be posted We will send an to registered attendees with hyperlink Can also access from home page

44 Speakers: Chris Edward, electrical engineer, KJWW Engineering Consultants, Warrenville, Ill. Sam Sciacca, president, SCS Consulting, Winsted, Conn. Jack Smith, Consulting-Specifying Engineer and CFE Media LLC

45 Critical Power: What s New in Electrical Engineering: Smart Grid and Transformers Sponsored by: