Synchronisation Challenges for SmartGrid

Transcription

1 Synchronisation Challenges for SmartGrid Dr. Hugh Melvin, Discipline. of Information Technology, National University of Ireland, Galway ( Dr. Hugh Melvin, NUI Galway : ITSF Dublin 2010

2 Outline Time & Timing within Power Systems SmartGrid Synch challenges for SmartGrid Conclusions 2

3 Time & Timing within Power Systems Background in Power Generation Aghada Conventional Gas Fired + CCGT Tarbert Conventional Oil fired Now owned by Endesa Moneypoint Conventional Coal fired 1000 MW 3

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6 Time & Timing within Power Systems 6 Time Synch Distributed Control System Millisecond level reqd for precise chronological event diagnosis Power Line Fault Detection Microsecond or better SCADA systems Timing Synch 2v3 voting systems Generator synch to transmission network

7 Original System (largely replaced) U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B 101 N8 AS220E 102 N8 AS220E 103 N8 AS220E 104 N8 AS220E 105 N8 AS220E 106 N8 AS220E 107 N8 AS220E 108 N8 AS220E U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B 125 N16 R N-UHR M-Clock 141 NAT-24 Synogate 121 N16 OS N8 AS220E 111 N8 AS220E 110 N8 AS220E 109 N8 AS220E U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B Master Clock N-BK Bus N-BK Bus NS5NAT PG N8 AS EHF 132 N8 AS EHF 131 N8 AS EHF 128 N8 AS231

8 Power Line Fault Detection System 8

9 Power Line Fault Detection System 9

10 Timing Synch 2v3 Redundancy CS275 U/I U/I Bus A Bus B N8 N8 CPU 1 CPU 2 CPU Non-Redundant Control Circuits Double Redundant Safety Circuits 2 out of 3 Triple Redundant Safety Circuits

11 Synchroscope 11

12 SCADA Supervisory, Control & Data Acquisition Key component of Electrical Grid Infrastructure 2 parallel networks Transmission lines (LV/MV/HV) Associated SCADA communications infrastructure 12

13 Traditional Grid (src: Mick Mackey ESBI) 13

14 Traditional Grid One directional & predictable power flows Generator HV MV LV Consumer SCADA Limited need for data communications 14

15 Smart Grid : Definition? Visionary Revolutionary Complete Infrastructural Overhaul Engineer Evolutionary By necessity Continuity, Robustness, Safety Critical concerns 15

16 Smart Grid : Context Over-reliance on fossil fuel sourced energy Diminishing fossil fuel reserves Focus on renewables Security of supply Deregulation Environmental Concerns 16

17 Smart Grid : ICT Enabled 17

18 Generation 18 Renewable Predictable? CHP Microgeneration V2G Distributed generation New grid design & operation required Grid Infrastructure Investment

19 Smart Networks Radically different generation landscape Much more dynamic Need for precise realtime measurement, control & protection Hierarchical SCADA systems Phasor Measurement Units 19

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21 Smart Metering You cannot control what you don t understand Realtime energy demand profile Realtime pricing Realtime incentives 21

22 Smart Buildings You cannot control what you don t understand Energy Management Systems Building Management Systems Demand Side Management Sensor networks 22

23 Smart Grid : Synch Requirements 23

24 Conclusion SmartGrid is multi-faceted & ambitious Iterative deployment likely ICT is key enabler Time & Timing Synch are critical ESB Networks at forefront of SmartGrid deployment 24

25 Integrated Smart Networks Operational Challenges Rónán ÓhÓgartaigh, Operations Manager, Asset Management, ESB Networks. 1 Networks 1

26 ESB STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK 2020 World Class Sustainable Networks A Renewable Business Of Scale Best Practice Generation Portfolio Customer Focused Supply Business Significant International Business Net Carbon Neutral By 2035 Leader In Energy Efficiency 2 Networks 2

27 Networks Will Be The Enabler Smarter Accessible Flexible Efficient 3 Networks 3

28 Wind Connections Q Connected In Progress Gate 3 In Queue 4 Networks 4

29 Independent Generators Smart Networks Embedded generation Interconnectors Transmission System Distribution System Independent Suppliers 2.1m Customers PES Published Tariffs ESB Generation 5 Networks 5

30 Direction of Power Flow Independent Generators Interconnectors Transmission System Distribution System Independent Suppliers 2.1m Customers PES Published Tariffs ESB Generation 6 Networks 6

31 Wind generation profile / 09/ / 09/ / 10/ :00 02:00 04:00 06:00 08:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 Time 7 Networks 7

32 8 Networks 8

33 9 Networks 9

34 System management System managers Management System Distribution Management System Distribution Control Centres Operations & Dispatch Operation Systems SCADA OMS Telecommunications Data acquisition & communications RTU s, Poling Radio, SatCom, copper Communication protocols Protocol IEC , IEC , Conitel, PacNet Substations Network devices Generation Network devices 10 Networks 10

35 Distribution Management System Optimal network configuration Short term generation and load forecasting Power flow analysis Protection performance Voltage control Direct generation and load control Automated network algorithms and control Day ahead operational planning Network simulation Training module 11 Networks 11

36 SCADA Alarm reset CB open/close Tapchanges Relays Alarms Circuit breaker status Amps, kv, MW SCADA Computers & Distribution Control Centre Station visit / repair NT callout Dispatch Request for station attendance 12 Networks 12

37 220kV Substations monitored and controlled by DCCs 110kV 38kV DA Commands / Month from DCC s (Apr. 05 to Mar. 06) 13 Networks 13

38 Distribution Automation 14 Networks 14

39 Key Enablers System Management People Information Operation Systems Telecommunications 15 Networks 15

40 Smarter Accessible Flexible Efficient 16 Networks 16

41 Customer Perspective Continuity Quality of voltage Safety Communications & Information 17 Networks 17

42 18 Networks 18