From Smart Buildings to Smart Cities

Transcription

1 Digitalization of Power Delivery Systems - Smart Grid & AI Applications Invited Lecture Professor Saifur Rahman, PhD Virginia Tech, USA President, IEEE Power & Energy Society Recent Trends in Power Systems, PRDC, Bengaluru, India, 18 Dec 2018 From Smart Buildings to Smart Cities Smart City Energy Smart Grid Smart Buildings Supported by ICT and distributed networks of intelligent sensors, data centers/clouds Smart city: Complex system of interconnected infrastructures and services Energy: Smart electric power grids, smart gas networks, smart water systems Smart grid: Bi-directional flows of energy, remote control/automation of power, integrated distributed energy Smart buildings: Intelligent building automation systems, smart devices, productive users, grid integration 1

2 12/15/18 What is the Smart Grid? 3 This is the Electric Power Grid 4 2

3 Motivation for a Smart Grid Desire to make the grid smarter, safer, reliable and more cost-effective using advanced sensors, communication technologies and distributed computing. 5 Difference Between a Normal Grid and a Smart Grid 6 Normal Phone Smart Phone 3

4 Smart Grid Starting and End Points From Generator to Refrigerator Power Plant Transmission Distribution Home Business End-use Appliances 7 Merging Power Flow with Information Flow Integrated Communications 8 4

5 Electric Power & Communication Infrastructures 1.Power Infrastructure Data network Users Central Generating Station Step-Up Transformer 2. Information Infrastructure Control Center Microturbine Distribution Substation Gas Turbine Receiving Station Distribution Substation Distribution Substation Recip Engine Photo voltaics Residential Data Concentrator Recip Engine Cogeneration Fuel cell Commercial Batteries Flywheel Residential Industrial Commercial 9 Source: EPRI Evolution of the Grid 10 Source: Altalink, Alberta, Canada 5

6 Building Blocks of the Smart Grid 11 Attributes of the Smart Grid 12 Source: EPRI 6

7 Characterization of the Smart Grid 1. Increased use of digital information and control technologies 2. Dynamic optimization of grid operations and resources with full cybersecurity 3. Deployment and grid-integration of distributed energy resources 4. Operation of demand response and energy efficiency programs 5. Deployment of smart technologies for metering, communications concerning grid operations and status including distribution automation 6. Integration of consumer-owned smart devices and technologies and 7. Deployment and control of electric vehicles and storage thermal, mechanical and electrical Source: US Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 Section Intelligent Interconnected Grid Intelligent Load Demand or price-driven control of appliances Sensors Detect outages, fluctuations, and disturbances Distribution Network Interconnected micro grids Wind Power Park Microgrid Distributed Arch. Local monitoring and control Bulk Power Plant Smart Inverters and Storage Minimize voltage and power fluctuations GIAN- Lecture 8 (c) Saifur Rahman Control Room Functions Balance electricity supply/demand across the grid 7

8 Secure, Resilient and Adaptable Grid or, A Strong Grid 15 New Applications in a Smart Grid Distribution domain: Distribution automation/fault isolation and restoration of electric power grid Customer domain: Building energy management Demand response 16 8

9 Advanced Control is Needed The smart grid requires advanced control at both component and system levels. Different non-linear controls, such as back-stepping control, feedback linearization, model predictive control, and sliding mode control are applied to control DERs, and their grid integration. 17 Relying on Smart Grid Communications As speedy communication facilities, such as fibreoptics, microwave, GSM/GPRS, 3G/4G are becoming the integral parts of the functioning smart grid, the integration of Artificial Intelligence in smart grid applications is becoming simple and feasible. 18 9

10 Examples of AI Applications in a Smart Grid Distribution domain: Distribution automation/fault isolation and restoration of electric power grid Customer domain: Building energy management Demand response 19 AI for Protection & Circuit Restoration S&C Electric IntelliTeam Allows peer-to-peer communication Can have up to 8 automatically controlled switching/fault-interrupting devices Each Device (e.g., switch, fault interrupting device) Monitors real-time voltage, current and loads Know its key settings, e.g., priority, switch function Exchange information on current, voltage and loads 20 10

11 AI for Circuit Restoration (Cont d) Fault isolation: is handled by protection features built-in in fault interruption and sectionalizing switches. Service restoration: is handled by software agents in IntelliTeam: Seeking all possible sources to restore the service Identifying the source that has sufficient capacity Coordinating switching actions to restore the service Needs the communication layer to allow coordination of software agents and data exchanges for restoration 21 Power Delivery System of the Future A New Paradigm Distribution system operation and microgrid will be pervasive Two-way supply system will require more real-time monitoring and control through AI applications and customer engagement Most, if not all, spinning reserve will come from Demand Response through smart buildings Utility will work closely with smart cities energy, transportation, public safety, etc

12 Thank You Professor Saifur Rahman