Electric Utility Industry Transformation Provides Insight for the Future of Aviation

Transcription

1 1 Electric Utility Industry Transformation Provides Insight for the Future of Aviation Wanda Reder Chief Strategy Officer, S&C Electric Company IEEE Fellow, Member NAE November 2, 2017

2 2 Overview Grid trends and drivers Modern grid changes how we: Make it Move it Use it Future grid examples Innovation opportunities remain Embracing transformation

3 S&C Delivers Solutions 3

4 4 Grid Trends and Drivers Growing Expectations for Reliability Aging infrastructure is prone to failure Increasing Environmental Requirements Escalating Security Concerns Increasing Climatic Vulnerability

5 Recognizing the Need for Power Sources: The Ampere Strikes Back: How Consumer Electronics Are Taking Over The World, Energy Saving Trust, June 2007; The Rise of The Machines: A Review of Energy Using Products In The Home From The 1970s to Today Energy Saving Trust, June 2006; Electric Power The Next Generation: The Intelligent Grid, CenterPoint Energy, April 2007

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7 Infrastructure is Prone to Failure Grid modernization is a MUST for increased resiliency! WOODTV.com Nothing, Nothing. Aid lags in hurricane-torn Puerto Rico September 27, 2017

8 8 Increasing Environmental Focus Emissions by Country: Emissions by Sector World is shifting to - 35% cleaner Energy energy - 24% How? Agriculture Decarbonize: - 21% Set Industry targets - 14% Waste Transportation less Maximize Source: IPCC AR5 renewables Synthesis Report Source: Carbon Brief Clear on Climate Paris 2015: Tracking Country Climate Pledges

9 U.S. Fuel Mix Is Changing 2005 US National Fuel Mix 2015 US National Fuel Mix Coal -15.6% Natural Gas +13.7% Renewable +4.9% Source: US Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration

10 Changes How We Make Energy: More distributed supply Accommodate growth Move Energy: Flexible, intelligent, resilient Better reliability, visibility Use Energy: Integrate end-use activity Empower customers Innovation: Energy storage Power electronics Distributed intelligence Adaptive protection Layered architecture Self-diagnostic, healing Data, cyber, analytics Source: IEEE GridVision 2050

11 Changes how we Make It US Solar in 2016: Cost drops to ~$1.50 / Watt Nearly 15,000 MW added Utilities are installing it Top choice for new generation A new MW every 36 minutes

12 12 Make It : Solar is at Parity and Dropping As renewables reach parity, what changes? Source: Deutsche Bank: March 10, 2015

13 Changes how we Move It Integrated Old Grid Grid 2017 S&C Electric Company, Inc. All rights reserved.

14 Evolving Control Architecture Multi-directional power flow DER inter-connections Dynamic operations System balancing Microgrids Voltage swings

15 Distributed Intelligence is Key IntelliRupter PulseCloser Interrupt fault current Segments load Two-way sensing Adaptive protection Detects power quality events Reliability + reduced labor + future proof

16 Source: David Wade, EPB Chattanooga, presented for DOE, Dec EPB s Smarter Smart Grid EPB Chattanooga s Smarter Smart Grid EPB Chattanooga 500,000 customer municipal Smart Grid Started with fiber everywhere Smart Switches 1200 units on all 12kV Jan :31p 15 sec later

17 Distributed Intelligence is Key TripSaver II Cutout mounted recloser Single phase Avoid truck rolls Minimizes momentaries Reliability + reduced labor

18 Hurricane Matthew 120,000 outages automatically restored!

19 19 Changes How we Use It Structural efficiency Energy efficiency Water efficiency Waste efficiency

20 Merchant 20 Use It With A New Business Model Market Owner-Developer Suppliers Community Large Customers 4.2 MW solar plant with 7 MW energy storage: Minster, Ohio USA

21 Community Microgrids Fault Local Community Primary Source Alternate Source(s) Alternate Source(s)

22 22 Microgrid Advantages 1. Greater reliability and resiliency 2. Greener power 3. Modernized infrastructure 4. Increased security 5. Cost savings 6. Local engagement The traditional utility model is changing

23 Microgrid: Santa Rita Jail, California

24 ONCOR Microgrid Utilized distributed generation Two solar photovoltaic arrays One micro-turbine Two energy storage units Four generators Four interconnected micro-grids Energy storage is the backbone 24

25 25 Tests renewables + automation + battery storage Ameren Microgrid 1,475 kw connected to grid Wind: 100 kw Solar: 125 kw Natural Gas: 1,000 kw Storage: 250 kw Military-grade cybersecure controller Ameren Microgid Champaign, Illinois

26 Storage is Important Synchronize sources Smooth transition to/from utility source Manage intermittency Energy Storage - Solar Hybrid Project Minimize reverse power flow, maintain voltage Store output and release coincidental with load Energy Storage Wind Hybrid Project 26

27 Many Opportunities Remain Grid control complexity, communication bottlenecks Distributed generation integration Interoperability, standards Energy storage Electric vehicles Aggregators Workforce competencies Energy Financial Services Bulk Power System Energy Provider Customer Distribution Operations Energy Related Services Energy Device Firms Processes and coordination needed

28 28 Era of Exponential Technology Change But, can WE change?

29 29 Changing Workforce Needs Smart Grid Engineering Automatic Controls Information Technology Standards Power Electronics Computer Engineering Communications Marketing, Economics Big Data Analytics Smart Grid Engineering Security Systems Theory Energy Conversion Public Policy Consumer Behavior Signal Processing Transmission & Dist. Engineering Engineering Physics Adopted from Source: Professional Resources to Implement the Smart Grid ; Gerald T. Heydt and others IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting 11/29/2017

30 Technology Convergence Cugnot's steam wagon, 1771 Electric Flocken Elektrowagen of 1888 Benz Motorwagen, IC engine, 1885 Model-T Ford, 1915 GM Urban Electric Concept Car Toyota Prius, 1997 Tesla Model S, 2012 Liquid Power Fuse 1911 Cutouts 1933 Electronics in Fault Fiter Automation with Scada-Mate IntelliRupter Grid-Scale Battery 2006 TripSaver 2007 GridMaster For Microgrids ? [IATA Vision 2050, 2011] Source: Kiruba Haran, University of Illinois, High-Specific-Power Machines and Drives for Aircraft Propulsion

31 Electric Propulsion Architectures Battery All Electric Motor(s) Electric Bus 1 to Many Fans Turboshaft Fuel Turboelectric Generator Electric Bus Motor Distributed Fans Motor Parallel Hybrid Series Hybrid Motor Electric Bus Turbofan Turboshaft Electric Bus Battery Motor Fuel Generator Distributed Fans Fuel Fan Battery Motor NASA AATT Source: Kiruba Haran, University of Illinois, High-Specific-Power Machines and Drives for Aircraft Propulsion

32 32 Agriculture Flourishes in 20 th Century While population increases Ag productivity increases Farms decrease: 6M to 2M in US Fewer in the sector: 50% to 2% 1/3 the labor: 7 x the output Prices fall 1% / year: less income needed for food Innovation is responsible What can WE learn?

33 33 Transformation Follows the Agricultural Era 20 th Century Transformed in how food is made, moved, and used 21 st Century Transformation offers significant promise for energy More affordable Locally available Better quality More choice

34 In Closing Recognize global energy needs Transforming energy through how we: Make it Move it Use it Embrace the challenge. Innovate. Seek opportunity to increase the rate of learning. If we did all the things we are really capable of doing, we would literally astound ourselves Thomas Edison