"Creating a Resilient Energy Network (Enernet) of Distributed Renewable Energy Powered Buildings

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Bertha Benson
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1 "Creating a Resilient Energy Network (Enernet) of Distributed Renewable Energy Powered Buildings Brian T. Patterson IEEE, IEC, USGBC President, EMerge Alliance Designing & Implementing Distributed Energy, Energy Storage and Microgrid Projects Executive Forum Wednesday, June 1, :15 PM 4:45 PM

Renewable Energy Sources (RES) Solar (PV) Wind - Fuel Cells Micro-turbines - Combined Heat & Power Distributed

Voltage Maintenance Reactive Power (VARs) Spinning Reserves Peaking Turbines Power System Resiliency

Remote Power Access Off-grid Islanding Microgrids Load Shifting Demand Response Net Metering SSL - Efficiency

2 Renewable Energy Sources (RES) Solar (PV) Wind - Fuel Cells Micro-turbines - Combined Heat & Power Distributed Energy Resources (DER) Clean Energy Energy Storage Smart Grid Eminent Domain Synchronization Frequency Control Voltage Maintenance Reactive Power (VARs) Spinning Reserves Peaking Turbines Power System Resiliency Electro-Magnetic Pulses Brownouts-Blackouts Terrorism Extreme Weather Power Quality Linear Dynamic Failure Remote Power Access Off-grid Islanding Microgrids Load Shifting Demand Response Net Metering SSL - Efficiency Smart Controls Digital Devices IoT AC/DC Power Conversion Fast Charge Electric Vehicles Smart Buildings Zero Net Energy (ZNE)

3 There are increasing challenges with our legacy power infrastructure

6 Solution: = The ENERNET

7 62,500 1,700,000,000

9 Community Microgrid

10 Building Services Power Storage & Control Office & Occupied Space Outdoor Sources Factory or Warehouse Industrial Space Data Center

11 Commercial Campus Microgrid

12 Peaking Power Plant Sub-station Community Microgrids Solar Farm Commercial Campus Microgrid Wind Farm Sub-station Utility-Scale Microgrids

13 Utility Microgrids are Ener-connected into Smart-Macro-Grids Base Load Power Plant Base Load Power Plant Base Load Power Plant Base Load Power Plant Utility Transmission Macrogrid

14 The ENERNET The Complete Grid Interconnect

15 The New Energy Marketplace Combining ideal solutions with key virtues learned from the Internet Resilient Infrastructure

16 Non-Synchronous Nanogrids, Microgrids and Macrogrids Organized into an Increasingly Expansive and Inclusive Tiered Framework The ENERNET Macrogrids National Regional Tier 3 Microgrids Community Campus Tier 2 Nanogrids Building Tier 1 Level, Room, Device Area

17 Transforming Traditional Power Grids to an ENERNET Mesh Topology: Cluster Tree Network Integrated Mesh Network

18 Transactive Power Management Framework Public Utilities Cloud Based Service Providers Local Service Providers Prosumers

19 Transactive Power Management Framework Timing Predicted Transition to a market driven Transactive Energy Framework Source: GridWise Architecture Council

20 The ENERNET Flexible, clean, efficient, resilient, affordable and sustainable energy infrastructure Involving a greater reliance on the native form of electricity: DIRECT CURRENT in microgrids

21 Why DC Microgrids? Key Drivers: Solar and other renewable sources The use of electricity storage The local coupling of multiple sources and loads Ease of solid-state digital (dc) articulation of power Increasing use of electronic loads Desire to simplify system electronics

22 Microgrids Require Power Conversions Electric Function AC Microgrid Hybrid DC Microgrid Power Sources (Solar / Wind / Fuel Cell / CHP/ grid) Power Storage (Battery / Thermal Electric) Distribution/Wiring (Conduit / Wiring / Circuit Protection) Loads/Devices/Outlets (Lighting / Motors / Pumps / IT Security / Appliances / Desktop) Controls/Monitoring (Wired / Wireless) AC + DC to AC DC + AC to DC IN: DC + AC OUT: DC DC + DC to AC IN: DC OUT: DC AC + DC to AC DC AC + AC to DC DC + DC to AC AC to DC DC Total Frequency Conversion Points 6 2 Notes: Frequency conversions are generally much less efficient than simple voltage conversions Conversion efficiency is almost always better at higher voltages and currents Wire Size favors DC at equivalent voltages

23 Optimizing Power Conversions Via the Use of DC Microgrids Can Result in Double-Digit Efficiency Increases Immediate Short Term Long Term Source: Arthur D. Little Report to IEC SG4, September 2011

24 The Myths: Not as safe as AC Barriers to Overcome Full Utilization of DC Microgrids Not good for long distance transmission Thicker wires needed? It s not that much more efficient? The Reality: Standards & codes gaps Under-developed supply base Insufficient Industry knowledge base MEP, contractor & trade training required Volume market pricing

25 100+ Test, Beta, & Production Sites Commercial, Residential, Data Center Applications NextHome Campion Homes Detroit. MI

26 PNC Banking on Net Zero Uses 50% of traditional branch annually produces a surplus of electric energy

Bedrock (Quicken Loans Detroit, MI) 3 Floors of

27 Bedrock (Quicken Loans Detroit, MI) 3 Floors of Class A Office Space 14th Floor: T8 Fluorescent No Controls 15 th Floor: LED Retro Tube No controls 16 th Floor: LED Retro Tube W IPv6 controls Dramatic Energy Savings 75%! Recognized by Americas Green Challenge (White House Initiative) System Case Studies

28 System Case Studies State of Michigan Flint Office Bldg. Deep Renovation of 7 Story Office Bldg. 110,000sf of 24v DC LED Lighting 70,000sf of DC Energized Ceiling IPv6 Wireless Lighting Control Complete Early 2016

29 System Case Studies NextEnergy Center Detroit 380v DC Microgrid 380v DC Bus 380v DC Data Center 30kW Rectifier 23,300sf of 24v DC Lighting IPv6 Wireless Controls 16kW of PV Solar High Bay Lighting

30 System Case Studies Pitt-Ohio Express Harmar Facility Renewable DC Energy (Solar/Wind) and Storage System Innovative DC-based design and operation / future expansion plans

31 System Case Studies Duquesne Light Microgrid at Wood s Run - Distributed Energy Development/Integration - Multiple resources/loads, AC and DC aspects, demonstration Woods Run Campus New Manchester Facility Preble Avenue Service Center

32 System Case Studies The Sendai DC Microgrid Powered area hospital following the disastrous tsunami Innovative DC-based design and operation / still fully operational

33 Solar Power International and Greenbuild 2016

34 Questions - Discussion Thank you!

"The Role of DC Microgrids in Power Producing Buildings for the 21st Century Energy Network."

"The Role of DC Microgrids in Power Producing Buildings for the 21st Century Energy Network." Brian T. Patterson IEEE, IEC, USGBC President, EMerge Alliance Roundtable and Policy Committee Meeting Thursday,