2014 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting July 27-31, 2014 Energizing Africa's emerging economies: A status of renewable energy projects and

Transcription

1 2014 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting July 27-31, 2014 Energizing Africa's emerging economies: A status of renewable energy projects and cross border interconnections 1

2 2 Earl Schmid President Desert Power Inc. Palm Desert, CA Anuj Shrigiriwar Power Engineer Desert Power Inc. Palm Desert, CA Michael Rango Project Engineer Desert Power Inc. Palm Desert, CA

3 3 Focuses on development of green and clean energy and creating an advanced micro grid. DP specializes in developing micro-grid using : Natural Gas Based Engines Utility Scale Batteries Solar Photovoltaic Design cost effective system for our customers. Source : Desert Power Inc.

4 4 A group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources (DER) with clearly defined electrical boundaries that act as a single controllable entity with respect to grid (and can) connect and disconnect from grid to enable it to operate in grid connected or island mode. - U.S Department of Energy

5 5 I. Hwy 70 Industrial Park II. Oroville, California. Fisher Ranch Produce Processing Blythe, California.

6 6

7 7

8 8 2.5MW Natural Gas Piston Engine Generator. 160 tons exhaust heat driven ammonia absorption chiller. 637KW Solar PV. 2MW utility scale battery storage.

9 9

10 10

11 11

12 12

13 13 Battery Bank of 288V 1000 Amp-hr Batteries. Power Conversion System (PCS).

14 14 A single battery consists of 240 Ni-Fe cells where each cell is 1.2V 1000 Amp-hr. Cells have series connection for nominal rating of : 288V 1000Ahr Housed in 40 ft. container.

15 15 Consists of 9 batteries. Connected 3 in series and 3 in parallel.

16 16 Capable of receiving and sending DC power to the battery bank. PCS also receives and sends AC power, to and from micro-grid.

17 17

18 18 Large load changes have extreme effect on micro-grid : Frequency Voltage Power factor Some possible reasons for load changes: Start and stop of electric motors (inrush current on micro-grid). Plant process that can place varying loads on motor. Source : 1.U.S Department of Energy 2.Galvin Power

19 19 What we have achieved 1. Power Factor Voltage +/- 10 V on 480 V bus 3. Frequency 59.8 Hz 60.2 Hz

20 20 Natural Gas Piston Engines cannot handle large load changes. The Following effects have been observed : I. Frequency and voltage drop when load is applied and the engines react in seconds. II. Frequency and voltage increases when load drops and engines react in seconds.

21 21 Hayday Farms bales hay into compact bales for shipment overseas. Hydraulic Rams compress the hay in 15 second cycles. Electric motors for hydraulic pumps. Very large power demand due to hydraulic rams. High power demand and sudden drop.

22 22

23 23 PCS monitors micro-grid frequency and does the following tasks as required : Adds real power when frequency drops below 60Hz. Takes real power out when frequency rises below 60Hz. PCS reacts within 8 milliseconds up to rated capacity of 1 MW.

24 24

25 25

26 26 What we have achieved 1. Power Factor Voltage +/- 10 V on 480 V bus 3. Frequency 59.8 Hz 60.2 Hz

27 DP Hybrid Micro-grid System 27

28 28 Natural Gas Co-Gen provides 24-7 capability and economy. Solar PV provides renewable component and protection from natural gas price increases. Battery System provides solar storage and power conditioning.

29 29 1. Operating Cost Piston Engine Generator a. Natural Gas Cost $ 446,601 b. Maintenance $85, Solar PV Maintenance $10,000 Total Operating Cost $542,101 Cost per Kwhr $0.0797

30 30

31 31

32 32 1. J. A. Peças Lopes, C. L. Moreira and A. G. Madureira, Defining Control Strategies for Microgrids Islanded Operation, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS, VOL. 21, NO. 2, MAY 2006.[Online]. Available : 2. Mangal Hemant Dhend, Review of Challenges, Issues and Constraints of Microgrid Technology, International Journal of Advanced Research (2014), Volume 2, Issue 5, Robert Lasseter et. al White paper on Integration on Distributed Energy Resources CERTS Microgrid concept. [ Online]. Available : pdf 4. Allen R. Hefner Jr., PML, Power Conditioning Systems for Renewables, Energy Storage and Microgrids, September 1, [Online]. Available: 5. Manjula Dewadasa, Arindam Gosh and Gerard Ledwich White paper on Microgrid operation and Control. [Online]. Available : ng%20control%20strategies%20for%20distibuted%20generation.pdf

33 33

34 34