Design and Analysis of Hybrid Energy Storage System Supplied from Photovoltaic Power Source
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1 Design and Analysis of Hybrid Energy Storage System Supplied from hotovoltaic ower Source A. Aktaş, E. Özdemir, K. Erhan, Ş. Özdemir Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey Abstract Solar, wind and other renewable energy sources have important role in today's electric power grid. In hotovoltaic () gridconnected systems, the load demand is supplied from photovoltaic power source when solar power is enough. hotovoltaic panels should be operated at Maximum ower oint (M) continuously and produced power is transferred to the load first then remaining power is send to the grid. If the energy produced by photovoltaic panels is more than the energy demand of the load, remaining energy is transferred to the grid. Thus, energy is transferred to the grid by providing micro grid structure as a microlevel power station. In this study, 3phase 4wire grid connected 4leg inverter structure is experimentally investigated. Simulation and experimental studies are performed with a 5kW hybrid energy storage system composed from a battery and ultracapacitor supplied from power. hotovoltaic panels are used as a renewable energy source in the experimental system. Besides, to overcome the fluctuating power generation and to meet the energy demand in weak solar power condition, a hybrid energy storage system is proposed in this study. 1. Introduction 2016 IEESE. All rights reserved. Renewable energy sources provide intermittent power in terms of reliability. The output power characteristics of a photovoltaic module may vary within seconds. Therefore, renewable energy sources have some advantages when they are used with energy storage systems such as uninterruptible power supply []. and ultracapacitor units are used together as the hybrid energy storage system. Ultracapacitors have high power density and low energy density. But batteries have high energy density. For this reason, battery and ultracapacitor energy storage systems are used together to get high power and energy density energy storage systems [3,4]. There are eight different scenarios based on energy flow in the proposed system. These conditions are transferring power from photovoltaic () to the load and energy storage system, transferring power from grid to energy storage system and load, the last one is the lack of photovoltaic power. In the experimental test, photovoltaic modules, inverter output, load, grid power are measured. In addition, the study includes state changes between these eight different scenarios. The experimental and simulation results will be explained in paper. 2. Hybrid Energy Storage Systems (HESS) energy storage systems (BESS) will most likely play an important role in enabling integration of small scale renewable energy sources, from residential and 3phase 4wire grid connected power systems, into the power system networks. This paper focuses on electrical energy storage systems, especially battery energy storage systems for 3phase 4wire grid connected electrical power systems [5]. 57
2 In order to operate the distributed power supply system in an autonomous mode with a high efficiency and to ensure an effective continual power supply throughout the year, an energy storage element is always required as an energy buffer. Furthermore, it also has a significant impact upon improving power quality of distributed generation systems. In this study, the lead acid battery is used in energy storage unit. Traditionally, the lead acid battery is the most popular energy storage device due to its low cost and wide availability [6]. v gabc 3 phase Transformer i ga i gb i gc i gn i La i Lb i Lc i Ln L pv D iia iib iic iin i pv i boost S 1 S 3 S 5 S 7 arrays v pv S pv v dc D L f S 2 S 4 S 6 S 8 R f f i bid Energy Storage L bid S b1 i bat v bat S b2 urrent i gabcn urrent i Labcn Inverter urrent i iabcn urrent i pv Boost urrent i boost urrent i bat urrent i bid Voltage v gabc Voltage v pv D Link Voltage v dc Voltage v bat Fig.2. 3phase 4wire grid connected / battery generation system simulator is used instead of panels in experimental set up. Maximum power point tracking (MT) efficiency is measured using perturbationobservation algorithm. It was seen that the perturbationobservation algorithm is working correctly. 3. Experimental Setup and Test Results dsae DS1103 platform is used to control the 3phase 4wire connected hybrid energy storage system (HESS). The experimental measurements are taken and different tests are performed in the laboratory. urrent and voltage sensors are used for measurement in real time. The processed measured data is used to generate the switching signals of IGBTs State 1 and State 2 In the first two states absence of the battery state is analyzed. ower flow diagrams of this situation are given in Fig. 3. In state 1, the panel power is approximately equal to the load power in the system. All generated power by panel is transferred to the load and there is no power flow from the grid to the load. group status is inactive. But ultracapacitor group is continuously activated state because they are connected to the D bus directly. When the load demand changes suddenly, ultracapacitor group can discharge very quickly and response sudden load demands. 58
3 In State 2, battery is fully charged and panel power is higher than the load demand power. In this state panel is primary power source in the system. group has no connection with D bus because of fully charged. Array D/A 3 hase 4 Wire Array D/A 3 hase 4 Wire Ultracapacitor onveter State 1 State 2 Fig.3. State 1 and state 2 power flow diagrams Ultracapacitor In the first state, panel supply approximately 3.5 A. group is passive in both states. Total power of the inverter is equal to the panel power because of not engaging the battery group. In this situation, inverter supplies the load and there is no power flow from grid to the load. All current and voltage values, total harmonic distortion (THD), power rate, inverter and converter efficiencies can be seen in Fig. 4 for the first state. of the converter is calculated 92% and inverter s is calculated 93% in the system. Simulator ower 1192W V =336V I =3,5A 1192W bank closed Boost η = 92 % D bus Inverter L f V BST =402V I BST =2,7A A BST 1096W B N η = 93 % v iabc (V) ,5 i iabc 2,9 Inverter ower 1020W THD 5% 0,33 f=50hz i gabc 0,6 0,6 0,5 0,2 0,05 0,05 0,04 0,39 0,39 0,39 ower 0 3,4 3,4 3,4 1,1 i Labc power demand 1160W Fig.4. The experimental results in the system for YUK State 1 110V/220V Transformer Received power from the grid 140W In state 2, panel power is higher than the load demand power. So, the load power demand is supplied by the inverter. And remaining power is transferred to the grid. The current value which is transferred to the grid can be seen in Fig. 5. rovided current value is 3 A for all phases. In this state, panel is the primary source. Sum of the load and grid currents is equal to the inverter current. 59
4 Simulator ower 2012W V =374V I =5,3A 2012W bank closed Boost η = 92 % D Bus Inverter L f V BST =402V I BST =4,6A A BST 1871W B N v iabc (V) 16,9 i iabc 5,2 5,1 5,2 Inverter ower η = 94 % 1760W THD 4,3% 0,59 0,58 0,59 f=50hz i gabc 3,1 3,1 0,33 0,25 0,25 0,25 ower 0 2,2 2,2 2,2 1,1 i Labc power demand 740W Fig.5. The experimental results in the system for > YUK State 2 110V/220V Transformer Received power from the grid 1020W All current and voltage values, THD, power rate, inverter and converter efficiencies can be seen in Fig. 5 for the second state. of the converter is calculated 92% and inverter s is calculated 94% in the system. In state two, efficiency of the inverter is increased 1% because of increasing the load current value. 4. onclusion In this study, gridconnected system, including HESS consists of batteries and ultracapacitors were designed and the experimental test results were obtained. HESS was examined in two different operating states. In the first case, while source supply load both contributed to the grid. In the second case, load is supplied both source and by the grid. Thus creating smart microgrid structure is provided for support of the grid. 5. Acknowledgements This paper was supported by within TUBITAK project number of E143. References [1] Z. Jiancheng, and J. Liantao, "An Effective Hybrid Energy Storage System Based on EDL for Distributed Generation Systems," 5th IEEE onference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (IIEA), pp , Taichung, [2] F. O. Garimella, and N. Nair, "Assessment of Energy Storage Systems for Small Scale Renewable Energy Integration," IEEE TENON Region 10 onference, pp. 16, Singapore, Jan [3] X. Xiong, K. hi, and X. Ruan, Bifurcation Analysis of Standalone hotovoltaic Hybrid ower System, IEEE Transactions on ircuits and Systems 1, vol.60, pp , May [4] L. Baoquan, Z. Fang, and B. Xianwen, ontrol Method of the Transient ompensation rocess of a Hybrid Energy Storage System Based on and Ultraapacitor in Microgrid, IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE), pp
5 1329, Hagzhou, May [5] S. Adhikari, and F. Li, oordinated Vf and Q ontrol of Solar hotovoltaic Generators with MT and Storage in Microgrids, IEEE Transactions on Smart, vol. 5, pp , May [6] D. Dutta, and S. Ganguli, Design of A DcDc for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) Using Matlab, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, vol. 2, pp , Dec
Ahmet Aktas, Koray Erhan, Engin Ozdemir, Sule Ozdemir. University of Kocaeli, Kocaeli
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