IEEE-SA Smart Grid. Presented for IEEE Standards Association By: Paul Heitmann Businovation, LLC. Program Manager IEEE1547.

Transcription

1 IEEE-SA Smart Grid Presented for IEEE Standards Association By: Paul Heitmann Businovation, LLC. Program Manager IEEE October 2015

2 The world s largest professional association Global Reach 426,000+ Members 160+ Countries 1,600+ Annual Conferences Technical Breadth 39 Technical Societies 6 Technical Councils 3,500,000 Technical Documents 180+ Top-cited Periodicals Aerospace and Electronic Systems Antennas and Propagation Biometrics Council Broadcast Technology Circuits and Systems Communications Components, Packaging, and Manufacturing Technology Computational Intelligence Computer Consumer Electronics Control Systems Council on Electronic Design Automation Council on Superconductivity Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation COMMUNICATIONS Education Electron Devices Electromagnetic Compatibility Engineering in Medicine and Biology Geoscience and Remote Sensing Industrial Electronics Industry Applications INFORMATION Information Theory Instrumentation and Measurement Intelligent Transportation Systems Magnetics Microwave Theory and Techniques Nanotechnology Council Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Oceanic Engineering Photonics Power Electronics Power & Energy Product Safety Engineering Professional Communications Reliability Robotics and Automation Sensors Council Signal Processing Social Implications of Technology Solid-State Circuits Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Systems Council Technology and Engineering Management Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control Vehicular Technology POWER & ENERGY 2

3 Standards Some Areas Covered Interoperability Networking and Communications (including the home) Cyber Security Substations Automation Distribution Automation Renewables AMI Power Quality and Energy Efficiency Electric Vehicles 3 3

4 IEEE SA Standards Coordinating Committee IEEE SCC21 Scope and Purpose The IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21 oversees the development of standards in the areas of fuel cells, photovoltaics, dispersed generation, and energy storage, and coordinates efforts in these fields among the various IEEE societies and other affected organizations to ensure that all standards are consistent and properly reflect the views of all applicable disciplines. Reviews all of the proposed IEEE standards in these fields before their submission to the IEEE-SA Standards Board for approval and coordinates submission to other organizations.

5 IEEE Standards Classification Standard: documents specifying mandatory requirements. Recommended Practice: documents in which procedures and positions preferred by the IEEE are presented (shall) (should) Guide: documents that furnish information -- e.g., provide alternative approaches for good practice, suggestions stated but no clear-cut recommendations are made (may) 4

6 IEEE Standards Style Usage Examples Shall indicates mandatory requirements (shall equals is required to ). Should is used to indicate a recommendation (should equals is recommended that ). Should indicates that among several possibilities one is recommended as particularly suitable, without necessarily mentioning or excluding others; or, should indicates a certain course of action is preferred but not necessarily required. May is used to indicate a course of action permissible within the limits of the standard ( may equals is permitted to ). Can is used for statements of possibility and capability, whether material, physical, or causal ( can equals is able to ). Note: (a) use of the word must is deprecated and shall not be used when stating mandatory requirements; must is used only to describe unavoidable situations. (b) use of the word will is deprecated and shall not be used when stating mandatory requirements; will is only used in statements of fact. 5

7 Smart Microgrid Technology Journey to a Sustainable Future (setting a Context for Smart Grid evolution) BAU EE and EC* Measures Energy Risk Mitigation Methods Outsource Hedge Position Insulate Illuminate Respond DER, EMS Innovation Optimize Extricate Automate (L) Smart Grid Interoperability Collaborate Participate Automate (M) Transactive Energy, Microgrid $$ Transact Transform Automate (H) * Energy Conservation can include demand reduction through voluntary or automated DR methods

8 NETWORKING ENERGY DEVICES ENERGY METERING ENERGY CONTROL 8 8

9 Smart Grid Interoperability: Power, Communications and Information Technologies POWER & ENERGY COMMUNICATIONS INFORMATION Interoperability: the capability of two or more networks, systems, devices, applications, or components to externally exchange & readily use information securely & effectively. (Std 2030) Smart Grid: the integration of power, communications, & information technologies for an improved electric power infrastructure serving loads while providing for an ongoing evolution of end-use applications. (Std 2030)

10 IEEE 2030 Spans Three Distinct Perspectives Designed for and developed by: -Power & Energy Defines the numerous data flows necessary for reliable, secure, bi-directional flow of power and energy throughout the entire electric power system -Communications Identifies the communications infrastructure necessary for smart grid, from high-speed synchrophaser data to in-premise meter and customer notification systems -Information Technology (IT) Defines the system-to-system communications requirements and data flow to leverage individual systems into a system of systems 10 10

11 IEEE 2030, Draft Guide for Smart Grid Interoperability of Energy Technology and Information Technology Operation with the Electric Power System (EPS), and End-Use Applications and Loads Scope and Purpose Scope: This document provides guidelines for smart grid interoperability. This guide provides a knowledge base addressing terminology, characteristics, functional performance and evaluation criteria, and the application of engineering principles for smart grid interoperability of the electric power system with end use applications and loads. The guide discusses alternate approaches to good practices for the smart grid. Purpose: This standard provides guidelines in understanding and defining smart grid interoperability of the electric power system with end-use applications and loads. Integration of energy technology and information and communications technology is necessary to achieve seamless operation for electric generation, delivery, and end-use benefits to permit two way power flow with communication and control. Interconnection and intra-facing frameworks and strategies with design definitions are addressed in this standard, providing guidance in expanding the current knowledge base. This expanded knowledge base is needed as a key element in grid architectural designs and operation to promote a more reliable and flexible electric power system

12 IEEE 2030 Smart Grid Key Highlights The IEEE 2030 is a Standard Guide for Smart Grid Interoperability It addresses the basic Smart Grid definitions, frameworks, challenges and three different architectural perspectives (Power & Energy, Communications and IT) with interoperability tables and charts The architectures adopt a methodical end-to-end, system engineering approach to address the need for secure, modular and scalable Smart Grid interfaces and building blocks The IEEE 2030 Series of standards will address more specific technologies and implementation of Smart Grid system 12 Source: IEEE All Rights Reserved to the IEEE 12

13 IEEE 2030 Smart Grid Generic Framework Smart Grid Conceptual Reference Conceptual Reference Models (NIST, IEC, etc.) Methodological Interoperability Framework composed of: Three Interoperability Architecture Perspectives (IAP): Models IEEE 2030 Smart Grid Interoperability Communications Architecture Power Systems Architecture Information Technology Architecture Power System (PS) Guidance Communications Technology (CT) Information Technology (IT) IAPs Interoperability Tables Smart Grid Applications Architecture Application AMI Architecture Application PEV etc. e.g., additional IEEE 2030 standards Evolution of Smart Grid Interoperability Architecture Application N Source: IEEE All Rights Reserved to the IEEE 13 13

14 Two-Levels SG System Architecture 14 14

15 SG Reference Model Development Methodology 15 15

16 IEEE 2030 Series Smart Grid Projects IEEE 2030 Series Smart Grid Interoperability IEEE 2030 Guide for Smart Grid Interoperability IEEE P Guide for Electric-Sourced Transportation Infrastructure IEEE P Guide for Energy Storage Systems Integrated with the Electric Power Infrastructure IEEE P Guide for Design, Operation, and Maintenance of Battery Energy Storage Systems, both Stationary and Mobile, and Applications Integrated with Electric Power Systems IEEE P Standard for Test Procedures for Electric Energy Storage Equipment and Systems IEEE P Guide for Control and Automation Installations Applied to the Electric Power Infrastructure IEEE Standard for Smart Energy Profile 2.0 Application Protocol IEEE P Guide for the Benefit Evaluation of Electric Power Grid Customer Demand Response IEEE P Standard for the Specification of Microgrid Controllers IEEE P Recommended Practice for Implementing an IEC Based Substation Communications, Protection, Monitoring and Control System IEEE P Guide for Designing a Time Synchronization System IEEE P Standard for Interoperability of Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) Utilized within Utility Control Systems 16

17 Feedback based on recent experiences with IEC61850 clearly demonstrated several major issues related to: Instantaneous interoperability between different suppliers is not optimal and does even not currently work in some vendor combinations. Engineering efforts required to implement the standard in a substation are huge: Interoperability over the lifetime of secondary systems equipment in a substation is crucial for protection and control applications

18 IEEE P Title: Recommended Practice for Implementing an IEC Based Substation Communications, Protection, Monitoring and Control System - Scope: This recommended practice outlines the necessary steps and procedures a utility should undertake to implement an IEC substation in a multi-vendor equipment environment. The document addresses equipment configuration, equipment procurement specification, documentation procedures and general design philosophy that will condense the IEC61850 standard into a practical working implementation guide. The recommended practice also defines baseline information sets and functionality for IEC devices to allow users to implement similar design philosophies between vendors of IEC equipment

19 Distributed Energy Resources Interconnection Distributed Energy Resources Interconnection Technologies Electric Power Systems Fuel Cell PV Functions Power Conversion Utility System Power Conditioning Inverter Power Quality Microturbine Wind Protection Microgrids Energy Storage PHEV; V2G DER and Load Control Ancillary Services Loads Local Loads Load Simulators Generator Switchgear, Relays, & Controls Communications Metering 19 19

20 Complete Business Lifecycle IEEE 1547 IEEE 2030 I N D U S T R Y C O N N E C T I O N S Pre-Standards: Vision Activities Standards Individual-based/Entity-based Standards Development Implementation: ICAP/Registration Authority E - T O O L S P R O F E S S I O N A L S E R V I C E S Apps Apps IEEE-SA provides industry a framework of solutions to ensure rapid introduction of new technologies to market 20

21 IEEE 1547 Standards for Integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) SCC21 Chair and P1547 Chair: Thomas (Tom) Basso* *National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1

22 Interconnection & Interoperability Standards (NREL Work funded by U.S. DOE) Objective (Insert graphic here) Facilitate evolution of the electric power system infrastructure to a smarter grid including integration of renewable energy resources by supporting the development of standards and best practices. Approach Provide leadership to accelerate distributed energy resources (DER) interconnection, interoperability, and integration standards and validation. E.g., IEEE SCC & 2030 standards, the NEC, and UL 1741, For background see ; Technical report: NREL/5D ; Standards for DER -- IEEE 1547 (Interconnection) and IEEE 2030 (Interoperability); Basso, T.; Nov NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 2

23 1547: Interconnection Is The Focus IEEE Std 1547 covers: - INTERCONNECTION TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS & REQUIREMENTS - INTERCONNECTION TEST SPECIFICATIONS & REQUIREMENTS Distributed Energy Resource (DER) unit Interconnection System Note: P1547 full revision started in year 2015 is also addressing interoperability and interfaces Area Electric Power System (EPS) 7

24 Two-Levels SG System Architecture 4.0 Interconnection Technical Specifications and Requirements:. General Requirements. Response to Area EPS Abnormal Conditions. Power Quality. Islanding 5.0 Test Specifications and Requirements:. Interconnection Test. Production Tests. Interconnection Installation Evaluation. Commissioning Tests. Periodic Interconnection Tests 24 24

25 IEEE Std 1547 (2003 and 2014 Amendment 1) Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems IEEE SCC Series of Standards Note: IEEE Std was published Jun 2015 MicroGrid >> IEEE Std P1547 (full revision) Draft Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces IEEE Std (2005 and 2015 Amendment 1) Standard for Conformance Tests Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems IEEE Std P (full revision) Draft Standard for Conformance Tests Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Energy Resources with Electric Power Systems and Associated Interfaces IEEE Std (2008) Application Guide for IEEE 1547 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems IEEE Std (2007) Guide for Monitoring Information Exchange, and Control of Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems IEEE Std (2011) Guide for Design, Operation, and Integration of Distributed Resource Island Systems with Electric Power Systems IEEE Std (2011) Recommended Practice for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems Distribution Secondary Networks IEEE Std (2013) Guide to Conducting Distribution Impact Studies for Distributed Resource Interconnection IEEE Std P Draft Recommended Practice for Establishing Methods and Procedures that Provide Supplemental Support for Implementation Strategies for Expanded Use of IEEE Std

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27 IEEE (2008) Application Guide Thermal loads AC loads DC loads Interconnection system (within dashed lines) Power distribution Point of common coupling Area EPS 27 DER unit (Prime movers, generator, storage Thermal unit (heat recovery, cooling, storage) DER unit electric generator DER control DER monitoring/ metering Power conversion, DER protective relaying, DER paralleling switch Dispatch and control Local EPS protective relaying Transfer switch or paralleling switchgear Power flow Thermal flow Operational control Meter Figure A.1 Functional diagram of an interconnection system Area EPS protective relaying Area EPS power system (grid) 27

28 IEEE (2007) Application Guide 28 28

29 IEEE (2007) Application Guide 29 29

30 IEEE (Planned DER Islands) IEEE (2011) Guide E.g., DER (generation and energy storage) technologies are integrated with all others including the grid technologies to form Micro-grids (planned islands; includes load management, voltage & VAR control, active participation, etc.) Island Forms Substation feeder Recloser Opens DG 1 Conventional Rotating DG PV Inverter Source 3 Conventional Rotating DG DG 3 lateral PV Inverter Source 1 PV Inverter Source 2 DG 2 Conventional Rotating DG 30 30

31 IEEE (2011) Recommended Practice 31 31

32 IEEE IEEE (2013) Guide to Conducting Distribution Impact Studies 32 32

33 IEEE (Draft) Recommended Practice 33 33

34 Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems Conceptual PV Power System IEEE 937 Recommended Practice for Installation and Maintenance of Lead-Acid Batteries for Photovoltaic (PV) Systems IEEE 1013 Recommended Practice for Sizing Lead-Acid Batteries for Stand- Alone Photovoltaic (PV) Systems IEEE 1361 Guide for Selection, Charging, Test and Evaluation of Lead-Acid Batteries Used in Stand-Alone Photovoltaic (PV) Systems IEEE 1526 Recommended Practice for Testing the Performance of Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems IEEE 1562 Guide for Array and Battery Sizing in Stand-Alone Photovoltaic (PV) Systems 34 34

35 Hybrid Photovoltaic Systems Conceptual Remote Hybrid Power System IEEE 937 Recommended Practice for Installation and Maintenance of Lead-Acid Batteries for Photovoltaic (PV) Systems IEEE 1561 Guide for Optimizing the Performance and Life of Lead-Acid Batteries in Remote Hybrid Power Systems IEEE 1661 Guide For Test and Evaluation of Lead-acid Batteries Used in Photovoltaic (PV) Hybrid Power Systems 35 35

36 Emerging App : Transactive Energy Market Based Energy Exchange US DOE Framework US DOC NIST Challenge 36 36

37 Design Concept: Transactive Energy 37 37

38 Implementation: Transactive Energy 38 38

39 Premises Example: Transactive Energy 39 39

40 IEEE Standards enabling Transactive Energy.. A short recap 40 40

41 IEEE Std 1547 (full revision) for Smart Inverter Grid Integration of DER 12 NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY

42 P1547 Revision: Draft Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces. Build from existing Std 1547 document structure Incorporate revisions based on existing 1547 series Address additional criteria and requirements based on approaches of Std 2030 and P2030.2, including interoperability, and, associated interfaces Scope: This standard establishes criteria and requirements for interconnection of distributed energy resources (DER) with electric power systems (EPS), and associated interfaces. Note: Interfaces defined in IEEE 2030: a logical interconnection from one entity to another that supports one or more data flows implemented with one or more data links. Purpose: This document provides a uniform standard for the interconnection and interoperability of distributed energy resources (DER) with electric power systems (EPS). It provides requirements relevant to the interconnection and interoperability performance, operation, and testing, and, safety, maintenance and security considerations. 13 NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY

43 IEEE Std 1547a Amendment 1, May 2014 (Amendment 1: revisions to 4.1.1, 4.2.3, and 4.2.4) Voltage Regulation DER allowed to change its output of active and reactive power. 3. (Response to abnormal grid ) Voltage. DER allowed to ride through abnormalities of grid voltage; grid and DER operators can mutually agree to other voltage trip and clearing time settings 4. (Response to abnormal grid ) Frequency DER allowed to provide modulated power output as a function of frequency grid and DER operators can mutually agree to other frequency trip and clearing time settings 8

44 IEEE Std 1547 & Related IEEE SCC & 2030 series standards Revising ANSI/IEEE Std 1547 IEEE Std Overview,Definitions, References 4.0 Interconnection Technical Specifications and Requirements:. General Requirements. Response to Area EPS Abnormal. Power Quality. Islanding 5.0 Test Specifications and Requirements:. Design Tests. Production Tests. Interconnection Installation Eval.. Commissioning Tests. Periodic Interconnection Tests 1: Test proc : background Monitoring, information exchange and control; IEA template; planned islands/microgrids; plan/design/operate; 5. Xxx DER on distribution secondaries : Conduct engineering studies; 8. P1547.8: Methods for identifying designs, processes, & operational procedures 2030: Interoperability; logical interfaces; IT/data flows, standards & protocols; templates and tools; P2030.2: DER {ESS} interoperability with EPS & end-use applications & loads; functional performance, evaluation criteria, operations, testing, and the application of engineering principles 14

45 Thank You! IEEE Standards Association Bill handles all of the Smart Grid related standards development initiatives Noelle handles all of the member/marketing outreach processes for IEEE SA Ravi handles the Conformity Assessment certification process for applicable IEEE standards 45 45

46 Backup Detail Slides 46 46

47 P1547 example works in progress (WIP): not approved! Draft P1547 WIP voltage regulation considerations underway 1. Reactive Power Capability of the DER capable of injecting and absorbing minimum reactive power 2. Voltage and Reactive Power Control capabilities of modes of reactive power control functions: Power factor; Volt-Var; Active-power power-factor; Reactive power P1547/Draft 1 Figure - Volt-Var Mode (not approved) Reactive Power (kvar) Injection/ Capacitive Absorption/ Inductive Q 1 V 1 PCC Voltage Lower Limit for DER Continuous operation Dead Band V Ref V 2 V 3 Q 4 PCC Voltage Upper Limit for DER Continuous operation V 4 PCC Voltage (p.u.) 15

48 P1547 example works in progress (WIP): not approved! P1547 Clause 4.2 { Response to grid abnormal conditions } Rationale & Performance of Class I & II interconnection e.g., differentiate requirements in a technology neutral way Needed definitions High-level trip & ride-through concept Example high-level trip & ride-through concept 16

49 IEEE 2030: 1 st /Only Consensus, SG System Architecture Standard Simplified Example - Power System Perspective: Service Provider controls Customer DG, Community Energy Storage & Controllable ac Loads (protection, reliability, security, testing, etc. aspects not highlighted) IEEE Std 2030 Power System Integrated Architectural Perspective (PS-IAP) 18

50 IEEE 2030: Power System (PS) Interfaces for DER* For customer based DER: PS19 to Distribution Distributed Energy Resources PS61 to Customer Substation (Large Customers) PS62 Customer Point of Interface PS63 to AC loads PS64 to DC loads PS69 to other Customer Distributed Energy Resources * 2030 also specifies interfaces for bulk gens and storage. For distribution system based DER: PS11 to Markets PS12 to Customer Point(s) of Interface PS14 to Distribution Operation and Control PS15 to Distribution Substation PS16 to Distribution sensors and measurement devices PS17 to Distribution Protection and Control Devices PS19 to Customer Distributed Energy Resources PS31 to other Distributed Energy Resources (ESS and energy producers) PS70 to Transmission Operation and Control PS71 to Generation Operation and Control PS79 to Electric Service Providers 19

51 P2030.2/D7 Fig. 5 showing Power System Interfaces for DER {Note P1547 would not address Bulk Generation/Storage} Note: IEEE Std was published Jun 2015 PS74 PS73 PS72 PS52 PS41 Generation Substation PS44 PS43 Bulk Storage PS42 Bulk Generation Bulk Generation Markets PS53 PS35 Markets PS51 PS55 PS11 PS50 PS49 PS45 PS26 PS33 PS28 PS36 PS38 PS54 PS40 PS47 Transmission Protection and Control Devices Transmission PS56 Transmission PS1 Substation PS22 PS25 Transmission Sensors and Measurement Devices Generation Operation and Control PS27 PS32 PS24 PS75 PS23 PS30 Control and Operations PS48 Transmission Operation and Control PS39 PS65 PS8 PS70 PS46 PS76 PS29 PS2 Distribution Substation PS7 PS80 PS71 PS34 Distribution Sensors and Measurement Devices Distribution Operation and Control PS3 PS14 PS16 PS81 PS5 Distribution PS37 PS15 PS66 PS4 PS10 PS17 Distribution Distributed Energy Resources PS78 Distribution Protection and Control Devices PS18 PS6 PS20 PS77 PS31 Electric Service Providers PS79 PS67 PS21 Service Providers PS13 PS12 PS68 Customer PS9 Point(s) of Interface Customer Substation PS58 PS61 PS60 PS64 DC Loads PS62 PS57 Customer 20 Customer Distributed Energy Resources PS63 AC Loads PS19 PS59 PS69