SMART GRID INTRODUCTION. Autumn Academy nd November 2013, Budapest Hungary Budapest University of Technology and Economics

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1 SMART GRID INTRODUCTION Autumn Academy nd November 2013, Budapest Hungary Budapest University of Technology and Economics Dr. Dán András professor emeritus Villamos Energetika Tanszék Villamos Művek és Környezet Csoport

2 nd Green Waves - Autumn Academy - Renewables & Smart Cities, A Magyar Tudomány Ünnepe 2

3 AGENDA Overview of existing electricity grid Smart grid definition Tools and processes making the grid smart Resilience of loads (DSM) Resilience of distribution network (fault detection, reclosers) Distributed generation (integration of non-conventional generation) Distributed energy storage Smart metering at consumers Cont. Measuring and Monitoring along the network Power quality monitoring and control (harmonics, flicker, DVR) Local (area) voltage control (minimizing network losses) Ultimate bi-directional communication Open to integrate new technologies (like electric cars) nd Green Waves - Autumn Academy - Renewables & Smart Cities, A Magyar Tudomány Ünnepe 3

4 The Grid is Already Smart! In the USA: 9200 electricity generating units 300,000 miles of transmission lines 99.97% reliable (satisfactory?) Termed as the greatest engineering achievement of the 20 th century by the National Academy of Engineering

5 RELIABILITY The probability of the normal operation of an equipment or a system Between normal operation circumstances During the planned lifecycle In the Electricity Area: Regarding the supply: N-1 Regarding the system: reliability indices

6 Outage reliability-indices Supply reliability (SAIDI, SAIFI) (for one year) available outage 99.99% min % min % min % sec % sec % sec % sec nd Green Waves - Autumn Academy - Renewables & Smart Cities, A Magyar Tudomány Ünnepe 6

7 Duration and Costs of Blackouts Cost of blackouts is difficult to determine since electricity has vastly different values. Typical values for a one hour blackout range from a few dollars per kw for residential customers to up to one hundred for industrial and commercial customers. Average is several hours of outages per year with the fast majority of the outages due to distribution issues. Weather accounts for about 70% of blackouts, with most affecting a relatively small number of customers. Sun Microsystems estimates that a blackout costs the company $1 million every minute. In 2000, the one-hour outage that hit the Chicago Board of Trade resulted in $20 trillion in trades delayed.

8 Why smart grid VISION Ability to supply Secure good Quality Reliable all the time Available energy Question: HOW?

9 Definition of Smart Grid European Technology Platform 2010 ( nd Green Waves - Autumn Academy - Renewables & Smart Cities, A Magyar Tudomány Ünnepe 9

10 nd Green Waves - Autumn Academy - Renewables & Smart Cities, A Magyar Tudomány Ünnepe 10

11 Research topics (simulation, measurements) DSM Stability Voltage control Power quality Communication Smart metering Protection Storage Electric cars Market nd Green Waves - Autumn Academy - Renewables & Smart Cities, A Magyar Tudomány Ünnepe 11

12 Demand-side management Also called demand side resources - any program that attempts to modify customer s energy use Conceptually, lowering the load is a source of energy you can either raise generation or lower load These programs have been around for decades nd Green Waves - Autumn Academy - Renewables & Smart Cities, A Magyar Tudomány Ünnepe 12

13 Key Drivers for Smart Grid: Control and Improved Reliability Key needs for the Smart Grid idea are to allow for the integration of much more non- conventional electric generation like wind and solar, and to improve supply reliability German Power Grid characteristics Electric energy cannot be economically stored Electric power flow is difficult to directly control Customers have been in complete control

14 Smart Grid and the Distribution System Distribution system automation has been making steady advances for many years, a trend that should accelerate with smart grid funding Self-healing is often used to refer to automatic distribution system reconfiguration Some EMSs already monitor portions of the distribution system Pole Mounted Recloser

15 Plug-in Hybrid or Fully Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) The real driver for widespread implementation of controllable electric load could well be PHEVs. Recharging PHEVs when their drives return home at 5pm would be a really bad idea, so some type of load control is a must. Quick adoption of PHEVs depends on gas prices, but will take many years at least