Pneumatic re-generation system in an electric car
|
|
- Melissa Davis
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Pneumatic re-generation system in an electric car Ziming Qi, Vivien iang & David Hawkins Abstract As the clean energy car becomes the hot sot on the market, the electric car has been aid more attention. Although the weakness of the battery has recently been overcome (e.g. it has shorter charging time, higher ower density, and longer life), in the current hybrid car, one more asect concerned is efficiency. Efficiency of transformation from the energy of motion to electric energy is much lower than that from one tye of mechanical energy to another tye of mechanical energy. his aer is to resent a novel design of neumatic re-generation system hybrid in an electric car. First of all, in order to increase life of the battery, the battery isn t recharged during the car is running. It s only charged by the main ower in the garage - It is called lug-in electric car. Secondly, the energy from the car s deceleration will be catured by a secial gear box and be stored in the comressed air tanks. hirdly, the energy stored will drive an air motor to suly sulemental ower. Since this chain is a mechanical energy transformation, in theory, efficiency is higher than tyical hybrid car. he exeriment seems to get a satisfy result. A eywords electric car; hybrid car; comressed air I. INRODUION n electric car has been aid an attention as its secification shows an accetable to seed, a range of more than 60km (00 miles) on a full charge and a resealable rice e.g. Nissan EAF[]. However, a question is still needed to be answered: Is it available for an urgent recharge when it shos on a bridge with a flat battery? urrently an ure electric car cannot have a satisfy answer since it is only able to offer a quick charger that can charge u to 80% of its full caacity in just under 30 minutes and charging at home through a 00V outlet is estimated to take aroximately 8 hours. herefore, some researches had suggested an office facility, equied with renewable energy sources, where the users can recharge their lug-in electric vehicles, using the available renewable ower []. Unfortunately such a facility does not offer an on-road solution, a hybrid car with an electric motor and an internal combustion engine (IE) is still a consideration to reduce the oortunity of the issue of a flat battery on road. As such a hybrid car still need an IE, which is a main concerned for its emission, a regenerative braking is an alternative solution. A regenerative braking is to reduce the fuel consumtion. Whilst most existing regenerative braking systems in a car transfer energy with generators and motors using batteries, an Z. Qi is with Unitec Institute of echnology, Auckland, New Zealand. ( tqi@unitec.ac.nz) V. iang is with ubic Defence New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand. ( vivien.liang@cubic.com) D. Hawkins is with Unitec Institute of echnology, Auckland, New Zealand. ( dhawkins@unitec.ac.nz) 4 alternative regenerative braking system using a hydraulic drive with comressed air or nitrogen was dislayed for a Ford onka ruck [3]. A reort showed this regenerative braking system had fuel savings during sto and go traffic u to 35% and reuse 80% of the braking energy. However, such a regenerative braking system cannot be commercialised in assenger s cars as it is not cost efficiency. It had to ensure the safety since a very high ressure is alied in this system. his aer is to resent a novel design of neumatic re-generation system hybrid in an electric car. First of all, in order to increase life of the battery, the battery isn t recharged during the car is running. It s only charged by the main ower in the garage - It is called lug-in electric car. Secondly, the energy from the car s deceleration will be catured by a secial gear box and be stored in the comressed air tanks. hirdly, the energy stored will drive an air motor to suly sulemental ower. Since this chain is a mechanical energy transformation, in theory, efficiency is higher than tyical hybrid car. Since the maximum working ressure is 0si or 8bar, the cost for commercialised is at minimum level. II. DESIGN MEHOD he figure shows a hyothetical indicator diagram for the comressor. Figure hyothetical indicator diagram for the comressor As shown in Figure, from situation a to, the air is drawn into the cylinder on the suction stroke. From to, the suction valve is closed and air is comressed according to the law Pv n c () From to b, the delivery valve oens and air is delivered under ressure. From b to a, the delivery valve closes and the suction valve oens.
2 he figure shows the structure for the air ower system. Figure the designed system As shown in Figure, the cloud callout shows the same rocess with the hyothetical indicator diagram for the comressor. Assumtions in the system shown as Figure :. Steady oerating conditions exist;. kinetic and otential energy changes are negligible; 3. he rocess is given to be adiabatic (transfer of heat across the system boundary) Ideal gas the equation of state: Adiabatic rocess PV Rm () v k constant (3) Where k is Ratio c / c v k.4, when it is, H, O, O, NO, or H. k.3, when it is O, SO, H O, H S, N O, H S ( V V V V ) ( V ) W V [( ) ] (6) V ( ) ε (7) When the golf cart goes downhill, the ower is switched off, and the air comressor is turned on and is driven by the running gear. he work done on the air er cycle is W V [( ) ] (8) In this eriod, the work done on the cart by the friction is W f F cosθ S (9) Where is Fiction coefficient, F is Weight of the cart, θ is Degree of the hill, S is the distance the cart runs. omaring these two works, we can get the efficiency of the transmission. III. EXPERIMENS A tyical electric golf cart has an electric motor and a battery. It is not only used in golf courts but also many worklaces e.g. railway stations and airorts. A tyical golf cart lub car is emloyed in this roject as showed in Figure 3. eeing the existing electric motor and battery (also all other equiment) in golf cart so that it can be oerated as usual, this golf cart was Installed an air comressor and an air motor. A gear box in a golf cart was designed to enable additional ower that can be transmitted or received from/to the axis in a golf cart. A clutch to switch the gearbox drive to an air comressor to store energy from the axis or switch the gearbox drive to an air motor to release energy to the axis. Figure 4 shows an overview of a modified golf cart. he system assemble is located at rear art. hus: v v k (3) v v k k k (3) (4) (5) he theoretical work done on the air er cycle is the area enclosed by [ a---b- a ] which equals V V W dv dv ( V V ) V V V Figure 3 overview - the system assemble at the rear art of the golf cart 5
3 As showed in Figure 5, there are 4 major arts in the comressor air system: A comressor tank, a clutch with belt, an air comressor and an air motor.. Fully ower the cart by electric motor then turn off the ower to let it free running;. Fully ower the cart by electric motor then turn off the ower, at the same time switch on the air comressor; 3. Fully ower the cart by electric motor then turn off the ower, at the same time switch on the air motor. 4. Power the cart by air motor from still condition. he main oints of the exeriment:. Every time, from the same osition A to fully ower the cart by electric motor ; Every time, at the same osition to turn off the electric motor and at the same time to switch on the air comressor or air motor. Figure 4 the comressed air system he air comressor (as in Figure 5) is to regenerate the energy of motion (when the golf cart is at downhill or shoing). he comressed air tank is to store energy from the motion of the golf cart. An air motor is to outut the stored energy in the comressed air tank via the belt to the gear box to rovide an additional assistant to the electric motor when it is needed. he regenerative rate (RG) can be calculated Where RG inut u (0) outut / P / P down inut is the travel distance of golf cart lost, which is caused by the tank receiving comressed air. outut is the travel distance of the golf cart using the comressed air from the tank. P is the level of arising ressure in PSI, which means u receiving energy to the tank. P down is the level of falling ressure in PSI, which means oututting energy from the tank. A. Road condition : here is a curve in a gentle downhill (in 5 ).as shown in Figure 9. Figure 6 there are a curve in a downhill Figure 5 Power transmitting unit ondition of the exeriment:. Golf cart: Electric motor: 4kw, 48 volt; Max seed: 35km/h Net weight: 30 kg. comressor: 3. tank: 50 litres 4. motor: Procedure of the exeriment: Procedure : Fully ower the cart by electric motor then turn off the ower to let it free running. oint is 40 meters. Procedure : Fully ower the cart by electric motor then turn off the ower, at the same time switch on the air comressor. he results are as able. It means the tank receives the motion energy of average of 0 meters by increasing 4 PSI in ressure. Procedure 3: Fully ower the cart by electric motor then turn off the ower, at the same time switch on the air motor. he results are as able. It means that the golf cart moves 0 meters over 40 meters sends average of 0 PSI in ressure. 6
4 able able ressure at oint ressure at oint 56si 60si 0 metres 59si 63si 0metres 6si 66si 9metres 64si 69si 9metres 68si 7si 9metres ressure at oint ressure at oint 68si 58si 50 metres 74si 63si 5metres Procedure 4: Power the cart by air motor from still condition. he results are as able 3. It means that the comressed air drove the golf cart meters by sending PSI in this test. able 3 ressure at oint ressure at oint 64si 53si 6 metres 5si 33si 3metres omaring able and, there is a regenerative rate is 80%.. Road condition : he test was in a flat oen road with a gentle uhill (less than 5 ). able 4 ressure at oint ressure at oint 5si 5si 5metres 60si 6si 7.8metres 3 60si 6si 6.5metres 4 6si 6si 6.6metres 5 6si 64si 6.4metres 6 64si 64si 6.metres 7 64si 64si 6.metres 8 64si 65si 6.metres 9 65si 66si 6.metres 0 66si 67si 6.metres 67si 68si 6.metres 68si 69si 5.8metres 3 69si 69.5si 6metres si 70si 6.metres 5 70si 70si 6.metres Procedure 3: Fully ower the cart by electric motor then turn off the ower, at the same time switch on the air motor. he results are showed as able 5. It means that the golf cart moves 6 meters over meters sends average of 0 PSI in ressure. able 5 ressure at oint ressure at oint and 60si 49si 8 metres ressure at oint after sto a while 70si 54si 5.7 metres 57si 38si 03si 4.3metres 06si Figure 7 est in uhill Procedure : Fully ower the cart by electric motor then turn off the ower to let it free running. he distance oint is meters. Procedure : Fully ower the cart by electric motor then turn off the ower, at the same time switch on the air comressor. he results are as able 4. It means the tank receives the motion energy of average of 6 meters by increasing PSI in ressure. omaring able 4 and 5, there is a regenerative rate is 5%. As the road condition is not flat and uhill, an extra rocedure was arranged: Reeat rocedure : Fully ower the cart by electric motor then turn off the ower to let it free running. oint is. meters and the distance oint and is9 meters. It means from to is uhill. Reeat rocedure : Fully ower the cart by electric motor then turn off the ower, at the same time switch on the air comressor. As showed in able 6, when it is uhill, the tank receives the motion energy of average of 6 meters by increasing PSI in ressure; when it is downhill, the tank receives the motion energy of average of 9 meters by increasing PSI in ressure. 7
5 able 6 ressure at oint Go from to ressure at oint ressure at oint Go from to ressure at oint and 50si 50si 7 46si 49si si 5si 5.9 5si 53si si 54si 7 54si 55si si 56si 6. 56si 57si 9 Reeat rocedure 3: Fully ower the cart by electric motor then turn off the ower, at the same time switch on the air motor. he results are showed as able 7. When it is uhill, the golf cart moves 6 meters more over meters sends average of 4 PSI in ressure. When it is downhill, the golf cart moves 0 meters more over 9 meters sends average of 8 PSI in ressure. omaring able 6 and 7, when it is u hill, there is a regenerative rate is 7%. And when it is u hill, there is a regenerative rate is %. able 7 ressuer at oint Go from to ressure at oint ressuer at oint Go from to ressure at oint and 69si 55si 6. 70si 5si si 56si 6. 70si 5si 9. Road condition 3: A new road condition as shown in Figure 8, fully ower the cart by electric motor then turn off the ower, at the same time switch on the air motor. he results are showed as able 8. When it is uhill, the golf cart moves 6 meters sending average of 0 PSI in ressure; when it is downhill, the golf cart moves 7 meters sending average of 8 PSI in ressure. he test started at 0:54 last Monday. ressure increased from 0 to 00si in minutes. emerature changed from 9deg to 44deg. When the ressure droed to 50si, temerature was 38deg. When the ressure was 50si, we started the motor to drive the comressor to increase air ressure to 60si then 70si, the relevant temerature was 34deg, 38deg and 44deg. We reeated the same exeriment for other three times: the air ressure increased from 50si to 70si, the relevant temerature changed from 3deg to 44deg; 39deg to 48deg and 39deg and 48deg. oncluding from the records, when the air ressure increased from 50si to 70si, the temerature difference is about 9~0deg. IV. ONUSION AND DISUSSION his research had confirmed that the comressed air in an electric car is suitable for regenerating energy from motion and being used as additional ower source. Additional finding is that the regenerative rate can be 5%-% in a normal road condition. While it is in downhill, the regenerative rate reaches as much as 80%. REFERENES [] "Nissan unveils "eaf" electric car." vol. 009: hannel NewsAsia, 009. [] J. F. Martins, V. Fernao Pires,. Gomes, and O. P. Dias, "Plug-in electric vehicles integration with renewable energy building facility - building/vehicle interface," in Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives, 009. POWERENG '09. International onference on, 009, [3] F. Wicks, J. Maleszweski,. Wright, and J. Zarybnicky, "Analysis of comressed air regenerative braking and a thermally enhanced otion," in Energy onversion Engineering onference, 00. IEE ' th Intersociety, 00, Figure 8 Procedure 3: able 8 ressure at oint Go from to ressure at oint ressure at oint Go from to ressure at oint and 70si 50si si 5si 7 70si 50si 7 70si 5si si 5si 8 70si 5si 8 8
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Serial : 0 PT_ME_A+B_IC Engine_6098 CLASS TEST Delhi Noida Bhoal Hyderabad Jaiur Lucknow Indore Pune Bhubaneswar Kolkata Patna Web: E-mail: info@madeeasy.in Ph: 0-56 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING I.C. Engine
More informationSTUDIES ON DYNAMIC VISCOSITY CHANGES OF THE ENGINE S LUBRICATION OIL DEPENDING ON THE PRESSURE
Journal of KONES Powertrain and Transort, Vol. 20, No. 4 2013 STUDIES ON DYNAMIC VISCOSITY CHANGES OF THE ENGINE S LUBRICATION OIL DEPENDING ON THE PRESSURE Grzegorz Sikora Gdynia Maritime University Deartment
More informationOwner s Guide for. *24 Months engine warranty on Vanguard powered sets
Owner s Guide for WELD n WORK Engine Driven Welder Generators *24 Months engine warranty on Vanguard owered sets We are leased to advise that your ADVANCED POWER Welding Set is covered by warranty for
More information20, 30, 40, 55 Turbo. Alpha SERIES. Variable speed; maximum power at flywheel at 3000 r/min: kw; bhp
Alha SERIES ALPHA Marine Engines 20, 30, 40, 55 Turbo Variable seed; maximum ower at flywheel at 3000 r/min: 14.9 41.0 kw; 20-55 bh Durable, economical liquid cooled marine diesel engines Suitable for:
More informationArtificial Neural Network Based Modeling of Injection Pressure in Diesel Engines
Artificial Neural Network Based Modeling of Injection Pressure in Diesel Engines MALI AKCAYOL, CAN CINAR, HIBRAHIM BULBUL, ALI KILICARSALAN 4 Deartment of Comuter Engineering, Gazi University, Maltee,
More informationDesign of Planetary Plug-in Hybrid Powertrain and Its Control Strategy
Page000544 EVS5 Shenzhen, China, Nov 5-9, 010 Design of Planetary Plug-in Hybrid Powertrain and Its Control Strategy Antoni Szumanowsi 1, Zhiyin Liu 1, Yuhua Chang 1 1 The Faculty of Automotive and Construction
More informationGRUNDFOS DATA BOOKLET. CHV booster. Hydro Pack, Hydro Dome 50 Hz
GRUNDFOS DATA BOOKLET CV booster ydro Pack, ydro Dome 5 z Contents ydro Pack General data Performance range Page 3 Alications Page 4 General descrition Page 4 Oerating conditions Page 4 Tye key Page 4
More informationClamping systems. LinClamp/HLGClamp. LinClamp SA. LinClamp SK. LinClamp A
inlam/lam laming systems inlam S lam inlam SK inlam S inlam inlam/lam dvantages 1 Suitable for almost all sizes and manufacturers of linear guide systems as well as for surfaces (inlam ) 2 omact design,
More informationmachine design, Vol.3(2011) No.3, ISSN pp
machine design, Vol.3(2011) No.3, ISSN 1821-1259. 189-194 Preliminary note ESTIMATION OF THE DRIVING FORCE AND DRAG FORCE OF THE POWERTRAIN SYSTEM WITH THE USE OF A UNIVERSAL PORTABLE DEVICE IN ROAD TEST
More informationTOPIC 3 CHAPTER 9 : PART 11
OPIC CHAPER 9 : PAR BRAYON CYCLE HE IDEAL CYCLE FOR GAS URBINE INSPIRING CREAIVE AND INNOVAIVE MINDS OPIC : BRAYON CYCLE HE IDEAL CYCLE FOR GAS URBINE INRODUCION A gas turbine is an engine tat discarges
More information18D according to ATEX
Pneumatic ressure switch -... bar Hydraulic ressure switch 5... 4 bar For EX-alications according to ATEX 00 a: Zone 2 category ATEX 3G (gases) Zone 22 category ATEX 3D (dust) TÜV (technical insection
More informationJFC Series Rack & Pinion Actuators SGS MD 2006/42/EC
JFC Series Rack & Pinion Actuators R SGS MD 006/4/EC CE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION DESIGN Jflow Controls rack and inion actuators are designed to oerate in a variety of alications. Jflow Controls realizes
More informationINSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS FORD POWERSTROKE PICKUPS MODEL YEARS
D I E S E L TURBO LIFESAVER Diesel Turbo Lifesaver is a comuter controlled device that allows you to set an automatic engine idle sequence to roerly cool your turbocharger before engine shutdown as required
More informationReduction of the suction pressure of a liquid ring vacuum pump with a supersonic gas ejector
MATEC Web of Conferences 68, 000 (08) XXI. AEaNMiFMaE-08 htts://doi.org/0.05/matecconf/0868000 Reduction of the suction ressure of a liquid ring vacuum um with a suersonic gas ejector Róbert Olšiak,*,
More informationBelimo Applications Air handling units
Belimo Alications Air handling units International 207 Preface and legend Preface hank you for your interest in our roducts. In this brochure you will find information regarding the lanning of an air handling
More informationTHERMODYNAMICS AND ENGINE CYCLES
CHAPTER 4 THERMODYNAMICS AND ENGINE CYCLES 4.1 Introduction In this chater, a brief engine history is resented to trace some of the thermodynamic ideas that are used in modern engines. The ideal gas law
More informationPOWER MATCHING AND WORKING PERFORMANCE OF HYDRAULIC EXCAVATOR DRIVEN BY VARIABLE SPEED ELECTRIC MOTOR
1A04 The 10th JFPS International Symosium on Fluid Power 2017 POWER MATCHING AND WORKING PERFORMANCE OF HYDRALIC EXCAVATOR DRIVEN BY VARIABLE SPEED ELECTRIC MOTOR Lei GE, Long QAN *, Jing Yang, Bin ZHAO,
More informationMaxxForce TM 11 High Pressure and Oil. Engine Systems
2004 2006 2007 MaxxForce TM 11 High Pressure and Oil System MaxxForce Diagnostics 13 Engine Systems A N AV I S TA R C O M PA N Y Study Study Guide Guide TMT-120717 Study Guide MaxxForce High TM Pressure
More informationH2000 Pneumatic Overload Clutches
H2000 neumatic Overload Clutches Section Contents FEATURES... 54 OERATING RINCILES... 54 SELECTION... 55 HOW TO ORDER... 55 RATINGS AND DIMENSIONS... 56 GENERAL INFORMATION... 61 TORQUE CURVES... 62-1500-BG
More informationPage 2. (a) (i) Show that during the change AB the gas undergoes an isothermal change.
Q1.The Carnot cycle is the most efficient theoretical cycle of changes for a fixed mass of gas in a heat engine. The graph below shows the pressure volume (p V) diagram for a gas undergoing a Carnot cycle
More informationAdvantages of using a Switched Reluctance Generator (SRG) for wind energy applications
Advantages of using a Switched Reluctance Generator (SRG) for wind energy alications Eleonora Darie, Costin Ceisca, Emanuel Darie Abstract Wind energy found to be one of the most useful solutions to hel
More informationSeries 32D Electronic Pressure Switch for Hydraulic and High Pressure Applications. Series 18D Hydraulic. Pressure Switch
Contents Pressure Switch Overview.......................2 Series 18D Pneumatic Pressure Switches...........6 Series 18D Hydraulic Pressure Switches...........10 Series 31D Electronic Pressure Switches
More informationMASS FRACTION BURNED ALGORITHM BASED ON THE pv PRODUCT
Journal of KONES Internal Combustion Engines 2002 No. 3 4 ISSN 1231 4005 MASS FRACTION BURNED ALGORITHM BASED ON THE V PRODUCT Krzysztof Z. Mendera, Andrzej Syra, Michał Smereka Technical University of
More informationGRUNDFOS DATA BOOKLET. Hydro MPC. Booster systems with 2 to 6 pumps 50 Hz
GRUNDFOS DATA BOOKLET ydro MPC Booster systems with 2 to 6 ums 50 z Contents Introduction Benefits 3 Product data Performance range 5 Product range 6 Tye key 7 Oerating conditions 7 Construction Pum 8
More informationGRUNDFOS DATA BOOKLET. Hydro MPC. Booster systems with 2 to 6 pumps 50 Hz
GRUNDFOS DATA BOOKLET ydro MPC Booster systems with 2 to 6 ums 50 z Contents Introduction Benefits 3 Product data Performance range 5 Product range 6 Tye key 7 Oerating conditions 7 Construction Pum 8
More informationScienceDirect. Highly flexible hot gas generation system for turbocharger testing
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Energy Procedia 45 ( 2014 ) 1116 1125 68 th Conference of the Italian hermal Machines Engineering Association, AI2013 Highly flexible hot gas generation
More informationON THE SAFETY OF HYDRATE REMEDIATION BY ONE-SIDED DEPRESSURIZATION
Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH 2011), Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom, July 17-21, 2011. ON THE SAFETY OF HYDRATE REMEDIATION BY ONE-SIDED DEPRESSURIZATION Ricardo
More informationSpecial conveyor chains
56 Secial conveyor chains iwis offers an extensive rogram of secial chains for various industrial alications and requirements. While the late chain is being used wherever smooth and reliable conveying
More informationThe Effect of Different Gas Mediums on the Reflected Shock Pressure and Temperature in Shock Tubes
International Conference on Advanced Material Science and Environmental Engineering (AMSEE 016) The Effect of Different Gas Mediums on the Reflected Shock Pressure and Temerature in Shock Tubes Bin Xue
More informationANALYSIS OF UNBALANCE ELECTRIC VEHICLE HOME CHARGING IN PEA DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM BY STOCHASTIC LOAD MODEL
ANALYSIS OF UNBALANCE ELECTRIC EHICLE HOME CHARGING IN PEA DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM BY STOCHASTIC LOAD MODEL Pichai KONGTHONG Komsan HONGESOMBUT Sanchai DECHANUPAPRITTHA Provincial Electric Authority, Thailand
More informationINSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS DODGE CUMMINS PICKUPS MODEL YEARS
D I E S E L TURBO LIFESAVER Diesel Turbo Lifesaver is a comuter controlled device that allows you to set an engine idle sequence to roerly cool your turbocharger before engine shutdown as required by Cummins
More informationLVD TEST REPORT EN : 2006+A12: MEASUREMENT AND TEST REPORT For. Ingtron Enterprise Co., Ltd.
LVD TEST REORT EN 60950-1: 2006+A12: 2011 MEASUREMENT AND TEST REORT For Ingtron Enterprise Co., Ltd. No. 211-1, Qingfeng Road, Qingxi Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong, China Model: reference page 2 Feb.
More informationGRUNDFOS DATA BOOKLET. Hydro 1000 G - X. Grundfos Hydro 1000 G - X booster sets with 1-4 CR pumps 50 Hz
GRUNDFOS DATA BOOKLET ydro 0 G - X Grundfos ydro 0 G - X booster sets with 1-4 CR ums z Contents Product data Performance range Page 3 ydro 0 G - X Page 4 Tye key Page 4 Oerating conditions Page 4 Other
More informationSimplex, duplex and triplex chains Special chains CHAINS
Simlex, dulex and trilex chains Secial chains CHAINS INDEX CHAINS Pag. s comonents 101 s Transmission roller chains -British Standard DIN 8187 ISO/R 102 Transmission roller chains - American Standard ISO/R
More informationGRUNDFOS DATA BOOKLET UPM2, UPM GEO, UPM2K. Circulator pumps. 50/60 Hz
GRUNDFOS DATA BOOKLET UPM, UPM GEO, UPMK Circulator ums /6 z UPM, UPM GEO, UPMK Table of contents. General data Introduction Alications Features and benefits ErP, Ecodesign regulation in brief Pumed liquids
More informationCartridge pressure switch Type CB
Data sheet artridge ressure switch Tye B Pressure controls B series are comact disc tye ressure switches with fixed set-oints for long-standing use in refrigeration and air conditioning systems. They rovide
More informationExperimental Evaluations on Braking Responses of Magnetorheological Brake
Exerimental Evaluations on Braking Resonses of Magnetorheological Brake Ahmad Zaifazlin. Zainordin, Mohd Azman. Abdullah, and Khisbullah. udha Abstract This aer resents exerimental evaluations on braking
More informationDYNAMIC BRAKING (DB) OPTION
FOR: 30V 460V GD 503 5-00 H 5-500 H GD 55 5-00 H 30-500 H VCD 703 5-50 H 5-400H DYNAMIC (D) OTION (raking Unit(s) and raking resistor Unit(s)) (art Numbers Determined by Drive Rating) efore installing
More informationGRUNDFOS DATA BOOKLET. Hydro Grundfos Hydro 1000 booster sets with 1-4 CR pumps 50 Hz
GRUNDFOS DATA BOOKLET ydro Grundfos ydro booster sets with 1-4 CR ums z Contents Product data Performance range 3 ydro 4 Tye key 4 Oerating conditions 4 Other versions on request 4 Function 5 Grundfos
More information24 Vdc ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT FOR SWING GATES USE INSTRUCTIONS - INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
24 Vdc ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT FOR SWING GTES USE INSTRUCTIONS INSTLLTION INSTRUCTIONS 1. GENERL CHRCTERISTICS This 24 Vdc control unit for swing gates offers high erformance and a wide range of adjustments:
More informationResearch Note PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF MULTI-MOTOR DRIVES FOR WIDE SPAN GANTRY CRANES *
ranian Journal of Science & Technology, Transaction B: Engineering, Vol. 34, No. B6, 649-654 Printed in The slamic Reublic of ran, 2010 Shiraz University Research Note PRACTCAL MPLEMENTATON OF MULT-MOTOR
More informationCompression ratio optimization in dependence of an engine load
Paer ID ICLSS6-187 ICLSS-6 ug.7-set.1,6, Kyoto, Jaan Comression ratio otimization in deendence of an engine load Bronisław Sendyka 1, Łukasz Smyka, Jacek Soczówka Cracow University of echnology 1-864 Kraków,
More informationTURBOFARMER 50.8 AND 45.11
MERLO 1964-2014 AN HISTORIC ITALIAN COMANY MACHINE OF THE YEAR 2014 TURBOFARMER 50.8 AND 45.11 XG Merlo's factories in San Defendente di Cervasca (Cuneo) cover an area of 300,000 m 2 (with 220,000 m 2
More informationExperimental validation of a fuel additive assisted regeneration model in silicon carbide diesel filters
79 Exerimental validation of a fuel additive assisted regeneration model in silicon carbide diesel filters G A Stratakis, G N Pontikakis and A M Stamatelos* Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Deartment,
More informationUTILIZING WAVE ROTOR TECHNOLOGY TO ENHANCE THE TURBO COMPRESSION IN POWER AND REFRIGERATION CYCLES
Proceedings of IMECE 3 3 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exosition Washington, D.C., November -, 3 IMECE3- UTILIZING WAVE ROTOR TECHNOLOGY TO ENHANCE THE TURBO COMPRESSION IN POWER
More informationMine Ventilation Solutions. Quiet. Efficient. Durable. a company of
Mine Ventilation Solutions Quiet. Efficient. Durable. a comany of TLT-Turbo - A cororate success story. Innovation for more than 140 years. As a ioneer and innovator in the fan and blower market with a
More informationWHATEVER THE DISTANCE. LINEA &TOUREA High-Comfort Bus Driver Seats.
HOME ON THE ROAD. WHATEVER THE DISTANCE. LINEA &TOUREA High-Comfort Bus Driver Seats. SITTING RETTY WITH A HEALTHY OSTURE. Sitting Comfort with roofen Ergonomics. Otimum seat ergonomics decisively imrove
More informationSCHOOL OF COMPUTING, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS SEMESTER 2 EXAMINATIONS 2013/2014 ME110. Aircraft and Automotive Systems
s SCHOOL OF COMPUTING, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS SEMESTER 2 EXAMINATIONS 2013/2014 ME110 Aircraft and Automotive Systems Time allowed: TWO hours Answer TWO questions from THREE in Section A and TWO questions
More information(a) A 36 volt battery powers the electric motor. The battery is made using individual 1.2 volt cells.
Q1.The picture shows an electric bicycle. The bicycle is usually powered using a combination of the rider pedalling and an electric motor. (a) A 36 volt battery powers the electric motor. The battery is
More information9SX SX PX PX SX EBM 180V 9PX EBM 180V. Installation and user manual ENGLISH. Copyright 2012 EATON All rights reserved.
ENGLISH 9SX 5000 9SX 6000 9PX 5000 9PX 6000 9SX EBM 180V 9PX EBM 180V Installation and user manual Coyright 2012 EATON All rights reserved. Service and suort: Call your local service reresentative Page
More informationCompact size, standard type. Also available with lever return mechanism. Items RKJXK RKJXV. Rated power W. Maximum operating voltage
RKJK RKJV ThumbPointer TM (Stick Controller) Comact size, standard tye. Also available with lever return mechanism Tyical Secifications(Potentiometer) Items RKJK RKJV Rated ower 0.0W Maximum oerating voltage
More informationDevelopment of Motor-Assisted Hybrid Traction System
Development of -Assisted Hybrid Traction System 1 H. IHARA, H. KAKINUMA, I. SATO, T. INABA, K. ANADA, 2 M. MORIMOTO, Tetsuya ODA, S. KOBAYASHI, T. ONO, R. KARASAWA Hokkaido Railway Company, Sapporo, Japan
More informationModelling of a Thermal Spraying Controller Using MATLAB/Simulink
Modelling of a Thermal Sraying Controller Using MATLAB/Simulink D.Barth, IA Gorlach Deartment of Mechatronics NMMU Port Elizabeth, South Africa Igor.Gorlach@nmmu.ac.za G Gruhler Faculty of Engineering
More informationThe all-new 2006 BMW 3 Series Sedan. 325i 330i. The Ultimate Driving Machine
The all-new 2006 BMW 3 Series Sedan 325i 330i The Ultimate Driving Machine So athletic, they call it a sorts sedan. Motor is our middle name. Susension of disbelief. Your favorite lace, wherever you are.
More informationProcess 1-2: Reversible adiabatic compression process. Process 2-3: Reversible isothermal heat addition
Vapor Power Cycles Process 1-2: Reversible adiabatic compression process from P1 to P2. Process 2-3: Reversible isothermal heat addition process at constant temperature TH. Process 3-4: Reversible adiabatic
More informationThe all-new 2007 BMW X5. X5 3.0si X5 4.8i. The Ultimate Driving Machine CN ID
The all-new 2007 BMW X5 X5 3.0si X5 4.8i The Ultimate Driving Machine The all-new BMW X5 for 2007: a erfect balance of everything that matters. X5: A look so exhilarating, the scenery becomes a blur. Designing
More informationMOBILE ENERGY RESOURCES
MOBILE ENERGY RESOURCES IN GRIDS OF ELECTRICITY ACRONYM: MERGE GRANT AGREEMENT: 241399 TASK 2.4 DELIVERABLE D2.2 MARKET ISSUES FEBRUARY 8, 2011 REVISION HISTORY VER. DATE 01 11/12/2010 02 13/01/2011 03
More informationThe Control System for the Production of Biodiesel
INTERNATINAL JURNAL F CIRCUITS, SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PRCESSING The Control System for the Production of Biodiesel Stanislav Plšek, Vladimír Vašek Abstract This article describes the control unit for the
More informationFlywheel Energy Storage Systems for Rail
Imerial College London Deartment of Mechanical Engineering Flywheel Energy Storage Systems for ail Matthew ead November 2010 Thesis submitted for the Diloma of the Imerial College (DIC), PhD degree of
More information2007 BMW 3 Series Sports Wagon. 328i 328xi. The Ultimate Driving Machine
2007 BMW 3 Series Sorts Wagon 328i 328xi The Ultimate Driving Machine The king of this articular jungle. A very moving exerience. Good things come in 3 s. A retractable vertical luggage net divides cargo
More informationABSTRACT. Keywords: flat electrodynamic tether, grazing impact, ballistic limit 1. INTRODUCTION
SURVVIBILITY TO HYPERVELOCITY IMPCTS OF ELECTRODYNMIC TPE TETHERS FOR DEORBITING SPCECRFT IN LEO. Francesconi*, C. Giacomuzzo*, F. Branz*, E.C. Lorenzini* *University of Padova CISS G. Colombo, Padova,
More informationSECTION 400 UNDERGROUND SERVICE
SECTION 400 UNDERGROUND SERVICE 400.01 General Underground service is rovided to Customer who meets Comany requirements set out herein and ays to Comany any amount due. Cash ayments or other arrangements
More informationCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PMAC MOTORS FOR EV AND HEV APPLICATIONS
COMPARATVE ANALYSS OF PMAC MOTORS FOR EV AND HEV APPLCATONS Velev B. nstitute of Electrochemistry and Energy Systems, Bulgaria Abstract: n current work is made comarison between the differences in structure
More informationSIMULATION OF AN UNCONVENTIONAL VEHICLE TRANSMISSION
SIMULATION OF AN UNCONVENTIONAL VEHICLE TRANSMISSION František BRUMERČÍK 1 Introduction Most of the common used commercial vehicles have regular manual transmission, which works with the ste ratio change
More informationMEDIUM DUTY TF TF35.7
MEDIUM DUTY TF.9 TF5.7 XG Merlo's factories in San Defendente di Cervasca (Cuneo) cover an area of 00,000 m 2 (with 220,000 m 2 inside facilities) 9 0 2 7 8 6 4 5. Merlo SA main offices 2. Final assembly
More informationFigure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3
Installation guide Thermal Energy Meter Suercal 739 Installation The rescritions related in the standard EN1434-6 must be resected when the Suercal 739 is installed. Deending on its articular version and
More informationOlanrewaju L. Kadir 1, Okechi Onuoha 2, Nnaemeka C. Onuekwusi 3, Nwanyinnaya Nwogu 4, Uzoigwe U. Victor 5, Albert C. Agulanna 6
Exloiting the Potentials of Photovoltaic Cells in the Extension of Lifetime of a 2.5 ka Power nverter for Stable Power Suly in a Develoing ation Olanrewaju L. Kadir, Okechi Onuoha 2, naemeka C. Onuekwusi
More informationAdditional examination-style questions
1 Figure 1 shows a remote-control camera used in space for inspecting space stations. The camera can be moved into position and rotated by firing thrusters which eject xenon gas at high speed. The camera
More informationTURBOFARMER COMPACTS TF TF30.9
MERLO 1964214 AN HISTORIC ITALIAN COMANY TURBOFARMER COMACTS TF33.7 TF3.9 XG Merlo's factories in San Defendente di Cervasca (Cuneo) cover an area of 3, m 2 (with 22, m 2 inside facilities) 9 1 11 2 7
More informationPower Electronics 11. Thyristors. Electronic Science. Module -11. Thyristors
1 Module -11 Thyristors 1. Introduction 2. Classification of Thyristors 3. Unidirectional Thyristors with Turn-On Caability 3.1. Phase-controlled thyristors (or SCRs) 3.2. Fast switching thyristors (or
More informationDash8 - Q400 - Ice & Rain Protection
12.11 (ATA 30) ICE AND RAIN PROTECTION 12.11.1 Introduction The Dash 8-Q400 aerolane is aroved for flight into known icing conditions. Ice and rain rotection includes de-icing, anti-icing, and rain removal
More informationPERFORMANCE AND DESIGN ANALYSIS OF REGENERATIVE BRAKING SYSTEM
PERFORMANCE AND DESIGN ANALYSIS OF REGENERATIVE BRAKING SYSTEM Dr. Deo Raj Tiwari 1, Vinod Kumar 2 1,2 Associate Professor, IIMT College of Engineering Greater Noida, (India) ABSTRACT A vehicle supported
More informationThe all-new 2008 BMW M3 Convertible. The Ultimate Driving Machine
The all-new 2008 BMW M3 Convertible The Ultimate Driving Machine Announcing the arrival of the hottest erformer under the sun. Handling that can be adated to fit every mood. Warning: Tight corners can
More information2013 THERMAL ENGINEERING-I
SET - 1 II B. Tech II Semester, Regular Examinations, April/May 2013 THERMAL ENGINEERING-I (Com. to ME, AME) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry Equal Marks ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
More information7750 Series Installation Instructions
FLOW MEER LIMIED WARRANY Meters are warranted against defects in materials and workmanshi to the original user for a eriod of thirteen () months from the date of factory shiment, rovided the meter is installed,
More informationHIGH ALTITUDE OPERATIONS WITH PISTON ENGINES POWER PLANT DESIGN OPTIMIZATION PART V: NOZZLE DESIGN AND RAMJET GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
HIGH ALTITUDE OPERATIONS WITH PISTON ENGINES POWER PLANT DESIGN OPTIMIZATION PART V: NOZZLE DESIGN AND RAMJET GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Luca Piancastelli 1 and Stefano Cassani 2 1 Deartment of Industrial
More informationSCHOOL OF COMPUTING, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS SEMESTER 2 EXAMINATIONS 2014/2015 ME110. Aircraft and Automotive Systems
s SCHOOL OF COMPUTING, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS 014/015 ME110 Aircraft and Automotive Systems Time allowed: ONE hour THIRTY minutes Answer TWO questions from THREE Items permitted:
More informationVickers. CMX Sectional Controls. Directional Controls. Application Guide. Revised 3/95
Vickers Directional Controls CMX Sectional Controls Alication Guide Revised 3/95 536 Third generation closed center load sensing is here...today Additional assistance with your CMX valve requireents is
More informationOPTIMAL INTERCOOLER LAYOUT ARRANGEMENT FOR FORMULA 1 RACING ENGINES
VOL. 11, NO. 3, FEBRUARY 016 ISSN 1819-6608 006-016 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved. OPIMAL INERCOOLER LAYOU ARRANGEMEN FOR FORMULA 1 RACING ENGINES Luca Piancastelli, Leonardo
More informationA study of the power capacity of regenerative inverters in a DC electric railway system
Energy Management in the Train Operation 35 A study of the power capacity of regenerative inverters in a DC electric railway system C. H. Bae, M. S. Han, Y. K. Kim, S. Y. Kwon & H. J. Park Korea Railroad
More information2008/9 Tariffs and Charges
geyser 2008/9 Tariffs and Charges timer geyser blanket geyser blanket o s l arr la a an n e l l s s ceiling ceiling n insulation in su la t io Charges for non-local authorities effective from 1 July 2008
More informationThermodynamics Third Law Heat Engines
Thermodynamics Third Law Heat Engines Lana Sheridan De Anza College May 11, 2018 Last time heat engines heat pumps Carnot engines Overview efficiency of Carnot engines the Third Law real engines Heat Engine
More informationAnalysis of LPG Engine PID Parameter Control of Transient Air-fuel Ration Based on Improved Elman Neural Network
54 JOURNAL OF SOFWARE, VOL. 5, NO. 1, JANUARY 2009 Analysis of LPG Engine P Parameter Control of ransient Air-fuel Ration Based on mroved Elman Neural Network Yao Jubiao College of Environmental and Energy
More informationThe Mechanics of Tractor Implement Performance
The Mechanics of Tractor Implement Performance Theory and Worked Examples R.H. Macmillan CHAPTER 2 TRACTOR MECHANICS Printed from: http://www.eprints.unimelb.edu.au CONTENTS 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.1 2.2 IDEAL
More informationDesign & Development of Regenerative Braking System at Rear Axle
International Journal of Advanced Mechanical Engineering. ISSN 2250-3234 Volume 8, Number 2 (2018), pp. 165-172 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com Design & Development of Regenerative
More informationCity, University of London Institutional Repository
City Research Online City, University of ondon Institutional Reository Citation: Gavaises, E., Theodorakakos, A. & Mitroglou, N. (2012). Simulation of heating effects caused by extreme fuel ressurisation
More informationFREE ENERGY GENERATION BY USING FLYWHEEL
FREE ENERGY GENERATION BY USING FLYWHEEL Mr. Yuvraj Kisan Lad 1, Mr. Suraj Uddhav Pendhe 2, Mr. Suraj Rajendra Walkunde 3, Mr. Sagar Namdev Raut 4, Mr. A. R. Kadam 5 1,2,3,4 Department of Mechanical Engineering,
More informationAT 2303 AUTOMOTIVE POLLUTION AND CONTROL Automobile Engineering Question Bank
AT 2303 AUTOMOTIVE POLLUTION AND CONTROL Automobile Engineering Question Bank UNIT I INTRODUCTION 1. What are the design considerations of a vehicle?(jun 2013) 2..Classify the various types of vehicles.
More informationEnergy in Electrical Systems
Energy in Electrical Systems Outline Review of Last time Electric Fields and Work Conservation Laws Kirchhoff s Voltage Law Kirchhoff s Current Law Energy in Capacitors, Batteries and Molecules 1 TRUE
More informationH 29 H 29 H 29 ELEKTROTECHNISCHE WERKE FRITZ DRIESCHER & SÖHNE GMBH
H 29 DRIESCHER Indoor SwitchDisconnector and switchfuse combination H29 24 and 36 current 29 H 29 H 29 ELEKTROTECHNISCHE WERKE FRITZ DRIESCHER & SÖHNE GMBH D85366 Moosburg Phone: +49 861 6810 Fax: +49
More informationSDE030 SDE060. Directional control valves with direct acting solenoid
SDE SDE6 Directional control valves with direct acting solenoid SDE-SDE6 Features Simle, comact and heavy duty designed sectional valve from to sections. Different tye of inlet covers. Different tyes of
More information2009 BMW 6 Series. 650i Coupe 650i Convertible. The Ultimate Driving Machine
2009 BMW 6 Series 650i Coue 650i Convertible The Ultimate Driving Machine A reward above all others: the BMW 6 Series. The most beautiful scenery isn t always snow-covered. The ower to ustage a scenic
More informationA BEAUTIFUL, STRONG MOTORIZED RAIL SYSTEM...
A BEAUTIFUL, STRONG MOTORIZED RAIL SYSTEM... The Forest Shuttle is comatible with many automation and communication systems owered by the Forest Shuttle Family of Motors Touch Imulse Technology oens or
More informationEnergy Conversions Questions CfE
Energy Conversions Questions CfE 1) A 0.02kg mass is held at a height of 0.8m above the ground. a) Calculate the gravitational potential energy stored in the mass before it is dropped. b) i) State the
More informationFundamentals and Classification of Hybrid Electric Vehicles Ojas M. Govardhan (Department of mechanical engineering, MIT College of Engineering, Pune)
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Fundamentals and Classification of Hybrid Electric Vehicles Ojas M. Govardhan (Department of mechanical engineering, MIT College of Engineering, Pune) Abstract: Depleting fossil
More informationThe all-new 2007 BMW 3 Series Convertible. 328i 335i. The Ultimate Driving Machine
The all-new 2007 BMW 3 Series Convertible 328i 335i The Ultimate Driving Machine To build a great convertible, you don t start with the to. A BMW that s oen to the air and to innovative engineering. Push
More informationRegenerative Braking System for Series Hybrid Electric City Bus
Page 0363 Regenerative Braking System for Series Hybrid Electric City Bus Junzhi Zhang*, Xin Lu*, Junliang Xue*, and Bos Li* Regenerative Braking Systems (RBS) provide an efficient method to assist hybrid
More information2View how. 1View how to. 3View how to. 4Customer. 5, 7.5, 10 T Dump Kit Owner s Manual
5, 7.5, 10 T Dum Kit Owner s Manual Log on to www.youtube.com/iercearrowinc or use your QR code reader to view the following videos of a 5T installation: 1View how to begin your installation. 2View how
More informationRef: 08LMH/SDL CONTAINER CATALOGUE. STORAGE DESIGN LIMITED Tel: Fax:
CONTAINER CATALOGUE materials handling and ackaging solutions STORAGE DESIGN LIMITED Tel: 01446 772614 Fax: 01446 774770 info@storage-design.co.uk www.storage-design.co.uk Ref: 08LMH/SDL overview stack
More informationDesign and Analysis of Hybrid Energy Storage System Supplied from Photovoltaic Power Source
Design and Analysis of Hybrid Energy Storage System Supplied from hotovoltaic ower Source A. Aktaş, E. Özdemir, K. Erhan, Ş. Özdemir Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli,
More information