Climate & Clean Air Coalition: Promoting Soot Free Urban Buses in Developing Economies

Transcription

1 Climate & Clean Air Coalition: Promoting Soot Free Urban Buses in Developing Economies Sebastián Galarza S. Centro Mario Molina Chile Panel: Technology Innovation in Bus Services Santiago, May 10 th 2017

2 Key Messages Objective: Clean air achieved through soot free and zero emissions public transportation Important benefits in terms of public health and climate Adopt stringent emission and fuel standards (Euro VI) and zero emission buses Over the last two decades conditions for soot free buses have been constructed (fuels + buses) This presents a level playing field for zero emission buses to compete Regardless of technology we must focus on systems approach to ensure lifecycle emission reductions 2

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4 Transport is a growing sector and important source of emissions detrimental to climate and public health 2 GLOBAL ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS 38 GtCO 2 TRANSPORT EMISSIONS 8.8 GtCO 2 ROAD TRANSPORT EMISSIONS 6.5 GtCO 2 4.6% 10.6% Other 77% Transport 23% 73.9% 46.5% 53.5% 10.9% LEGEND RAIL AVIATION ROAD MARINE HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES Notes: Global anthropogenic CO 2 emissions in 2010 based on IPCC (2014). Transport CO 2 emissions in 2010 estimated by ICCT (2014) include the full fuel lifecycle, including direct emissions from combustion & upstream emissions from extraction, refining, & distribution of fuels. Sources: 4

5 Transport emissions have negative impacts both in terms of climate change and public health 5

6 3.7M deaths annually are attributed to air pollution with local pollutants from HDV particularly to blame NO X Emissions in Latin America, 2015! HHDT! 30%! LDV! 7%! 2W! 3%! Bus! 30%! PM 2.5 Emissions in Latin America, 2015! HHDT! 31%! 2W! 5%! LDV! 6%! Bus! 29%! MHDT! 14%! LHDT! 16%! MHDT! 15%! LHDT! 14%! Trucks and buses represent 90% of particulates, NOx and fine particulates (PM 2.5 ) These pollutants are are linked to chronic illness heart disease and stroke (80% of health burden) as well as lung cancer and chronic pulmonary diseases Black carbon (e.g. soot from diesel engines) is the second most important contributor to man made climate change 6

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8 Emission reduction strategies must be systemic focusing on fuel and vehicle improvements 8

9 Major vehicle markets have seen a progression in stringency on vehicle emission standards since 90s JAPAN Standards on 10/15+11 mode cycles 2000 New Short Term Standards 10/15+11mode cycles 2005 New Short Term Standards 10/15+11 mode cycles 2009 Post New Long Term Standards JC08 mode cycle EUROPE Euro 1 Euro 2 Euro 3 Euro 4 Revised ECE + EUDC cycle Euro 5a Euro 5b Euro 6b Euro 6d-TEMP Euro 6d WLTC + RDE 1995 Jan 98 Jan 01 Jan 05 Sep 09 Sep 11 Sep 14 Sep 17 Jan US EPA Tier 0 US 87 Tier I US 94 CARB Tier 0 Tier I / 2001 SFTP / NLEV Tier 2 LEV I TLEV LEV ULEV ZEV 2004 LEV II LEV ULEV SULEV PZEV Tier 3 Chile is first country in LAC to commit to Euro VI ( ) Euro VI equivalent standards will be applicable nationwide in China by 2019 and India by 2020 In 2015, 47% of new LDV sales globally met Euro VI and 83% were subject to fuel economy standards 2015 LEV III (Harmonized) LEV III 9

10 There has been a global convergence towards higher quality fuels - led by major markets 10

11 Resulting in ultra low sulfur fuels increasingly available in select locations across the region 11

12 Cleaner fuels are a prerequisite to technologies that can virtually eliminate tail-pipe emissions Diesel: 2,000 ppm 500 ppm 350 ppm 50 ppm 10 ppm HHDT LDV Fuel Sulfur Level -99% Average lifetime emission factor (grams PM 2.5 /km) % -38% -22% -68% -77% -20% -33% -23% -95% -90% Uncontrolled Euro 1/I Euro 2/II Euro 3/III Euro 4/IV Euro 5/V Euro 6/VI -99% DOC SCR DPF DPF 12

13 Euro VI buses achieve important emissions reduction with respect to previous technologies NOx (g/km) MP (g/km) Diesel Euro V Diesel Euro V+ Diesel Euro VI Diesel Hib. Euro Diesel Hib. Euro V+ VI GNC Euro V+ GNC Euro VI 0 NOx g/km MP g/k m 13

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15 Energy consumption for different bus technologies (VTT, 2016) (MJ/km) MJ/km Diesel Euro III Diesel Euro V Diesel Euro VI Diesel Euro VI Light weight CNG Euro III CNG EEV CNG Euro VI Diesel HEV EEV Diesel HEV Euro VI BEV 15

16 Electric mobility in the public transport is cost effective - total per km cost by vehicle technology Euros/km EEV diesel (SCRT) baseline EEV lightweight diesel Euro VI diesel ebus 1 LFP baseline ebus 1 LFP optimistic ebus 2 LTO baseline ebus 2 LTO optimistic ebus 2 LTO pesimistic ebus 2 LFP baseline Vehicle cost Energy Cost Urea cost Maintenance cost Refueling infrastructure Precio Total 16

17 Electric mobility in the public transport is cost effective - total lifecycle cost by vehicle technology 17

18 A systems approach is also necessary in promoting electric mobility to ensure full benefits are reaped gco2e/km EU 2020/ g target 50 0 India South Africa Australia Indonesia China Turkey Mexico USA UK Germany Japan Italy Russia Spain Canada France Brazil Sweden Iceland Paraguay Coal Based Fossil Heavy Broad Mix Fossil Light Low Carbon 18

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20 CCAC Heavy Duty Diesel Initiative (HDDI) Established in countries including Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, DR, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay 17 Multilateral Institutions including UNEP, IADB, World Bank 45 NGO partners including CMMCh, ICCT, C40 Cities Focus is on SLCP and on BC in particularly for transport Objectives of the HDDI: Global adoption of low sulfur fuel particularly diesel Adoption of stringent world class emission standards for HDVs and Urban Buses Substantial reduction in PM 2.5 and black carbon 20

21 Implementers of CCAC Soot Free Urban Bus Project

22 Core Activities of Soot Free Urban Bus Project Inform, motivate, and secure a public commitment from city officials to shift to cleaner buses Provide implementation support at the request of committed cities and guided by an agreed upon work plan Establish an industry partnership with a private sector coalition of clean bus manufacturers and suppliers Collect and report data needed to monitor and evaluate progress in this sector 22

23 Soot Free Urban Buses: 20 Target Cities 23

24 Soot Free Urban Buses: Project Strategy 20 Target cities (> 3m pop) CCAC HDDI support New Commitments Implementation Final outcomes Tier 1 cities: Access to Euro VI fuels Tier 2 cities: Access to Euro IV fuels Tier 3 cities: No access to Euro VI or IV fuels Active engagement through a web presence, meetings and workshops to: Provide technical information and advice Pool requirements and connect to industry stakeholders Connect to financing opportunities Build a global picture and track progress Shift new bus purchases to soot-free engines within 3 years Shift new bus purchases to Euro IV, Euro III+DPF, or Euro V within 3 years; adopt timeline for Tier 1 status + soot free engines Within 3 years set target date for Tier 1 status 6 early committers receive implementation support Pathway to sootfree engines in all 20 target cities

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27 Stringent standards are only as good as their compliance and enforcement importance of RDE 27

28 Public transport, independent of technological innovations, remains irreplaceable for our future Space required to transport 48 people: 28

29 Best practices for promoting soot free and zero emission urban buses LAC countries should adopt a low sulfur fuels strategy as the foundation of a comprehensive emissions control program Program should focus on Euro VI and zero emission buses Stringent emission standards allow for massification of soot free buses and a level playing field for zero emission ebuses to compete Regardless of technology we must focus on systems approach to ensure lifecycle emission reductions 29

30 Gracias! Sebastián Galarza S