Electric 2-3 Wheelers. Bert Fabian, Programme Officer, Air Quality and Mobility Unit, UN Environment 27 November, Manila, Philippines

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1 Electric 2-3 Wheelers Bert Fabian, Programme Officer, Air Quality and Mobility Unit, UN Environment 27 November, Manila, Philippines

UN Environment Promoting Sustainable Low Emissions Transport

plans in Africa for sustainable and low emissions transport

transport policies Global Fuel Economy Initiative (GFEI)

electrification of transport Partnership for Clean Fuels and

Climate and Clean Air Coalition Reducing Emissions from

2 UN Environment Promoting Sustainable Low Emissions Transport Africa Sustainable Transport Forum develop and adopt action plans in Africa for sustainable and low emissions transport Share the Road (StR) promote and develop non-motorized transport policies Global Fuel Economy Initiative (GFEI) double vehicle fuel efficiency by 2050 E-Mob supporting electrification of transport Partnership for Clean Fuels and Vehicles (PCFV) reduce emissions from light-duty vehicles Climate and Clean Air Coalition Reducing Emissions from Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles including Soot-Free Buses Initiative Clean Ports StR

Supporting the development of national policies for electric light duty vehicles (LDVs) Doubling the efficiency of the global LDV

average average fuel economy (Lge/100km) 8.6 7.9 7.3 6.9 annual improvement rate (% per year) -2.7% -2.6% -2.

2% average fuel economy (Lge/100km) 8.3 7.7 7.3 7.1 annual improvement rate (% per year) -2.3% -1.9% -1.8% -2.

3 Supporting the development of national policies for electric light duty vehicles (LDVs) Doubling the efficiency of the global LDV fleet by 2050 with the Global Fuel Economy Initiative (GFEI) OECD average Non- OECD average Global average average fuel economy (Lge/100km) annual improvement rate (% per year) -2.7% -2.6% -2.6% -2.6% average fuel economy (Lge/100km) annual improvement rate (% per year) 0.5% -0.4% -0.9% -0.2% average fuel economy (Lge/100km) annual improvement rate (% per year) -2.3% -1.9% -1.8% -2.0% GFEI target average fuel economy (Lge/100km) required annual improvement rate (% per year) 2005 base year 2014 base year % -3.1% 27 ongoing country projects over 50 by end 2017

Supporting the introduction of electric and

Funded by CCAC, co-implemented with ICCT

Latin America & the Caribbean Green Climate Fund

buses in Chile Working with Centro Mario Molina,

4 Supporting the introduction of electric and other soot free buses Initiative Overview: Funded by CCAC, co-implemented with ICCT Supporting 20 major cities in Africa, Asia, Latin America & the Caribbean Green Climate Fund project in development to introduce electric buses in Chile Working with Centro Mario Molina, Chile & Chile ministries of Environment, Energy, Transport and Finance

Clean bus commitments for 20 megacities 1. Commit to make available soot-free engine technology in all 20 targeted cities by 2018 Global Industry Partnership on Soot-Free Clean Bus Fleets 2.

5 Clean bus commitments for 20 megacities 1. Commit to make available soot-free engine technology in all 20 targeted cities by 2018 Global Industry Partnership on Soot-Free Clean Bus Fleets 2. Agree to provide a list of soot-free bus models available to each city 3. Announce this commitment publicly Voluntary agreement from 4 global bus and engine manufacturers 4. Publicly report the number of soot-free buses sold 5. Agree to provide the name and point of contact designated to each city Soot-Free to be made available in 20 megacities by Agree to update this information on an annual basis Commit to make available soot-free engine technology in all 20 targeted cities by 2018 Agree to provide a list of soot-free bus models available to each city Announce this commitment publicly Publicly report the number of soot-free buses sold Agree to provide the name and point of contact designated to each city Agree to update this information on an annual basis

Transitioning from Internal Combustion Engine to Electric 2&3 Wheelers in Developing and Transitional Countries Initiative Overview: 7 country projects in Southeast Asia (Thailand, Viet Nam &

6 Transitioning from Internal Combustion Engine to Electric 2&3 Wheelers in Developing and Transitional Countries Initiative Overview: 7 country projects in Southeast Asia (Thailand, Viet Nam & Philippines) and in Eastern Africa (Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda & Ethiopia) Project business-as-usual/baseline setting Piloting and policy development Knowledge management, outreach and replication 1 city project in North Africa (Marrakech, Morocco) Project preparation activities underway for Green Climate Fund financing project

7 578 Taiwan Viet Nam Indonesia Thailand Greece Malaysia Cambodia Italy Mauritius Czech Republic Switzerland Japan China Myanmar Spain Austria Germany Sri Lanka Finland France Belgium India Netherlands Philippines Norway Sweden Poland Denmark USA Turkey Turkmenistan Pakistan Russia UK Canada Ukraine Hungary Uganda Bangladesh Motorized Two-wheelers Density Two-wheelers Density Accross the Globe [units / 1000 people] Values in dark grey are obtained between 2000 and The stock of motorcycles in these countries is expected to be at significantly higher level today (2014) Graphics based on data from: Beijing Traffic Management Bureau, Financial Express, GIZ, Helgi Library, ITF Workshop on Motorcycling Safety (Trends in Motorcycle Fleet Worldwide, OECD 2008), ICCT, Ipsos Business Consullting, UNEP PCFV, Indonesia s Automotive Industry: Navigating 2014, KPMG

8 Motorcycle fleets pose several issues Emissions climate and air pollution, safety Rapid growth affordability, lack of public transport, and chronic traffic congestion

Motorcycles emissions are significant Two-wheelers Emissions Comparison Total Emissions [g CO 2 equivalents / km] 200 150 100 One two-stroke scooter emits double the NOx emissions of a modern

9 Motorcycles emissions are significant Two-wheelers Emissions Comparison Total Emissions [g CO 2 equivalents / km] One two-stroke scooter emits double the NOx emissions of a modern passenger car, 300 times the HC emissions and 80 times the CO emissions Two-stroke Scooter Four-stroke motor cycle Electric scooter (China energy mix: 724g/kWh) Passenger Car (petrol, Golf segment) Particle Emissions [g PM/ km] 0.5g/km 0.1g/km 0.017g/km (China energy mix) 0.002g/km UNEP DTIE Energy Branch Graphics based on data from: Swiss EMPA, Materials Science & Technology Umweltnutzen von E-Scootern ; Bernardo Orvananos 11/06/ TÜV NORD CERT, Bericht-Nr.: "Umweltprädikat Golf Modelljahr 2012 ; ADB 2009 Electric Bikes in the People s Republic of China Impact on the Environment and Prospects for Growth

10 Substantially less CO2 emissions for E-bikes A European Cyclist Federation study concluded that after factoring in CO2 emissions produced during electricity generation, an e-bike s carbon footprint is just grams of CO2 per mile (depending on the source of the electricity), compared to 150 grams for most electric cars and 136 grams for scooters. Source: European Cyclist Federation

11 Electric Two-wheelers Fleet Extrapolated Electric Two-wheelers Fleet in 2020 [million units] China Indonesia India Vietnam Thailand Taiwan Uganda Graphics based on data from: Asia Development Bank, International Council of Clean Transport (Meszler, 2007), International Nickel Study Group, United Nations Environment Programme-Department of Management Engineering

12 There are many kinds of electric 2-wheelers bicycles, scooters, motorcycles Source: various

13 Growth of Electric Bicycles Navigant Research estimates annual global sales of e-bikes to reach 40 million by 2023 China accounts for about 80 percent of all e- bikes sold In 2016, e-bikes accounted for nearly 6 out of every 10 bikes manufactured nationwide, according to the Japan Bicycle Promotion Unit, which tracks bicycle production in the country

14 Potential to encourage more cycling Brighton, UK Survey - 70% of participants said they would cycle more if they could access an ebike Car mileage dropped by 20% by the group (sample >100) 59% of group reported an increase in their physical activity E-bikes were popular with groups less likely to be cyclists zx eg women and older people Majority of people would like to use an e-bike but that price is a major barrier leading for the need to provide better access.

Use for bike-sharing Velib in France will incorporate e-bikes in their system in 2018.

15 Use for bike-sharing Velib in France will incorporate e-bikes in their system in Includes an electronic V-box that enhances connectivity, with RFID and NFC reader inside, the Vélib 2018 is fully connected and will be recharged by a dynamo. This V-Box allows the rider to activate and lock the bike on the padlock and includes information like the rental time, riding distance, navigation indications and so on. Source: Bike Europe

16 Summary Motorcycles/ Scooters will continue to increase in many or most of the countries in some countries/ regions motorcycle taxis are increasing and becoming more popular There is an opportunity to transform the motorized 2- wheeler fleet into electric Electric bicycles have the potential to increase people cycling and reduce motorized travel Develop policies to favor electric 2-wheelers instead of ICE and integrate with renewable energy Develop policies to properly integrate 2-wheelers into transport systems Source: Bike Europe

Promoting Electric Mobility in Developing Countries

Promoting Electric Mobility in Developing Countries Kamala Ernest, Programme Officer Transport Unit, UN Environment Sustainable Transport in Egypt: Progress, Prospects and Partnerships December 14th, 2016