MAN Buses & Coaches Comparing drivetrain technologies. Robert Staimer, NGVA Brussels, July 09th, 2014

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1 MAN Buses & Coaches Comparing drivetrain technologies Robert Staimer, NGVA Brussels, July 09th, 2014

2 MAN Buses & Coaches Reduction of the harmful substances in exhaust gas from Euro 0 to Euro 6 Reduction in nitrogen oxides from Euro 0 to Euro 6: NO x : 97 % Reduction in particulate emissions from Euro 0 to Euro 6: Particulates: 98,5 % < 2 >

3 MAN Buses & Coaches Limits for NO x and PM compared with Euro 5 The reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions required by Euro 6 is roughly as much as in all five previous stages of the Euro standard together. As a result of the operating principle involved, this has a negative impact both on fuel economy and on CO 2 emissions EEV In comparison with Euro 5, Euro 6: Cuts NO x emissions by 80% and the permitted particulate mass by 66%. Furthermore, a particulate number limit has now been defined for the first time in order to limit the emission of microscopic soot particles. < 3 >

4 Hybrid buses the future technology?! studies & key targets e-mobility for image - niche Probability: very low Key Drivers TCO / Produktivität e-mobility to reduce TCO Probability: medium Fuel 29,2 % e-mobility for green cities Probability: medium Lebensqualität e-mobility in co-existency with other concepts e-mobility is the solution Probability: high Probability: very low CO 2 Noise Source: Tomorrows demands can only be met by a user-specific mix of technologies (i.e. optimization of combustion engines, gas- and hybrid drives, full electric drive, fuel cells) < 4 >

5 Hybrid buses the future technology?! co-existence of technologies ICE driveline technology Diesel Gas Electrification Urban Hybrid Plug-In Rex Battery FCEV HEV PHEV BEV Based on: VW, Dr. Tobias Lösche-ter Horst, Leiter Konzernforschung Antriebe, time co-existence of different drive technologies transport and mobility, separated according to usage < 5 >

6 MAN Buses & Coaches MAN Euro 6 diesel engines exhaust aftertreatment CRT and SCR system in the exhaust gas silencer ) Flow of exhaust gas 2) Diesel oxidising catalytic converter (DOC) 3) Diesel particulate filter (DPF) 4) Supply line for aqueous urea solution (AdBlue fluid) 5) AdBlue injection 6) Mixing section 7) SCR catalytic converter module 8) Blocking catalytic converter 9) NO x sensors 1 Example shows two-stage exhaust gas silencer in the city bus (D2066 LUH) < 6 >

7 MAN Buses & Coaches Euro 6 component location Overview of Euro 6 components AdBlue tank (approx. 20 litres) and filler neck Diesel fuel tank and filler neck AdBlue metering module CRT+SCR filter system in final silencer Lines for diesel and AdBlue D2066 LUH engine with automatic transmission The illustration shows the arrangement of the components in the MAN Lion's City (A21) as an example < 7 >

8 MAN Buses & Coaches Euro 6 component location (cont d) Euro 6 components in the rear of the vehicle Radiator unit with charge air and engine cooling Two-stage turbocharging with intercooling (low-temperature cooling only on LOH) AdBlue injection AdBlue metering module Demand-controlled exhaust gas recirculation EGR DOC: Diesel oxidising catalytic converter CRT: Continuously regenerating trap SCR: Selective catalytic reduction Two-stage exhaust gas silencer with DOC, CRT, AdBlue conversion tract, SCR catalytic converter, blocking catalytic converter < 8 >

9 why gas buses? GAS - the only public transport solutions that is: Reliable Clean CO 2 neutral with biogas Affordable < 9 >

10 How can CO 2 -emissions be reduced? Bio-Diesel vs. Bio-Gas Bio-Diesel* FAME Bio-Diesel is efficient in terms of PM-reduction, but increases No x -emissions Bio-Diesel requires higher energy expenditures than fossil Diesel Bio-Diesel requires resources such as wie sugar-cane, rape seed, corn,. FOOD! Keine EU-Förderung von Bio-Diesel nach 2020 Bio-Methane* Bio-Gas does not compete with food EU supports Bio-Gas Production from waste. (Die Welt, ) Bio-Gas causes less CO 2 emissions than Bio-Diesel Bio-Gas requires waste, not food!!! *) VTT Technology < 10 >

11 CNG is a well known technology MAN: History - 70 years of gas bus experience Low floor CNG-Bus Typ A26, Euro VI 1994 Low floor CNG-Bus Typ A21, EEV 1992 Low floor CNG-Bus Typ A LNG-Bus first CNG-Bus in Germany, SL202 Low floor CNG-Bus Typ A LNG-truck, F2000 first MAN gas bus (city gas) CNG-truck, F2000 < 11 >

12 CNG far below Euro6 limits Emissions E2876LUH 07 WHTC Euro 6 10,0 10,00 10,00 Emissionen 8,0 6,0 4,0 4,00 EURO VI (WHTC - Grenzwert) E 2876 LUH07 7,12 6,00 * 2,0 0,0 2,14 1,25 0,28 0,50 0,46 0,160,02 0,22 0,38 CO NMHC Methan NOx Partikel NH3 Partikelzahl g/kwh g/kwh g/kwh g/kwh mg/kwh ppm 10E11 WHTC = World-wide Harmonised Transient Cycle Wheighting: 14% cold + 86 % warm Test gas: G25, Emission levels including deterioration factor * From 09/2014 the particle limit is to be fulfilled < 12 >

13 CNG Sales Sales of CNG buses & engines ( ) Gas-Bus Sales (units) Schweden 1,074 Turkey 1,289 Germany 799 Spain 580 Netherlands 559 Portugal 294 Australia 240 Norway 211 Italy 65 UK 37 Luxembourg 35 Switzerland 35 Finland 31 Poland 29 Lichtenstein 19 France 12 Gas-Engine Sales (units) Iran 2,100 Russia 430 Turkey 300 Σ ~ 8,000 sold units from 2000 to 2013, thereof ~ 2,830 engines Shown sales markets > 10 sold units < 13 >

14 Important sales successes Bio-Methane MAN CNG-buses are suitabe for Bio-methane almost MAN CNG-buses are being operated in 23 cities in Sweden < 14 >

15 Economic view Cost comparison: Diesel vs. CNG Cost Comparison Calculation Basis + 18 % Operation period: 10 years Annual mileage: km Labour rate & parts costs to German standards Diesel cost * : 1,40 per litre CNG cost * : 1,00 per kg Fuel consumption: - 50/50 % mix SORT 1 & 2 - MAN D20 diesel engine - MAN E28 CNG engine Diesel Gas Vehicle costs Repair & maintanence Fuel costs * Source: NGVA Europe aver. EU-Price Gas vs. Diesel: 60/100 Price: 10 years average of future development < 15 >

16 Economic view Cost comparison: Diesel vs. CNG Cost Comparison Calculation Basis + 8 % + 18 % Operation period: 10 years Annual mileage: km Labour rate & parts costs to German standards Diesel cost * : 1,40 per litre CNG cost * : 1,00 per kg Fuel consumption: - 50/50 % mix SORT 1 & 2 - MAN D20 diesel engine - MAN E28 CNG engine Diesel Gas Vehicle costs Repair & maintanence Fuel costs * Source: NGVA Europe aver. EU-Price Gas vs. Diesel: 60/100 Price: 10 years average of future development < 16 >

17 Economic view CNG with lowest LCC Cost Comparison Calculation Basis - 15 % Operation period: 10 years Annual mileage: km Labour rate & parts costs to German standards Diesel cost * : 1,40 per litre CNG cost * : 1,00 per kg Fuel consumption: - 50/50 % mix SORT 1 & 2 - MAN D20 diesel engine - MAN E28 CNG engine Diesel Gas Vehicle costs Repair & maintanece Fuel costs * Source: NGVA Europe aver. EU-Price Gas vs. Diesel: 60/100 Price: 10 years average of future development < 17 >

18 The Future of Bus Technologies Going for gas! < 18 >

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