Managing SWD in Raspberries and Meet MRLs Alan Schreiber, Tom Walters and Camille Holladay Funded by the Washington Red Raspberry Commission

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1 Managing SWD in Raspberries and Meet MRLs Alan Schreiber, Tom Walters and Camille Holladay Funded by the Washington Red Raspberry Commission

2 Controlling SWD has made exporting raspberries more difficult and has reduced the ability of the WA raspberry industry to export. Approximately 20% of Washington s raspberry production is exported. The primary export markets are Canada and Japan, with smaller amounts going to other Pacific Rim countries. On a per pound basis, exported raspberries have a higher value than domestic markets, making raspberry exports an attractive market. Control of SWD requires increased use of insecticides and this has made meeting MRLs more difficult. The Washington red raspberry industry has had shipments rejected due to MRL issues. The bigger problem is that growers/exporters are being shut out of markets because they cannot meet MRL requirements of foreign markets.

3 I was given the task of developing new SWD control programs in raspberries that would not violate MRLs, which would allow exports to thrive. It seems like an impossible project. Currently growers use products that provide nearly perfect control of SWD, but not without problems with MRLs. I had a research concept that we had developed for organic control of SWD in blackberries for the blueberry industry. Could we integrate some of those products into the raspberry SWD program, particularly later in the season. Start with a conventional program using conventional, synthetic, harder, and most important of all, effective products, such as Malathion, Danitol, Mustang Max, Lannate or Asana. Switch to tolerance or MRL exempt products during harvest.

4 Raspberry SWD We used an over the row sprayer, calibrated to 100 gallons per acre. Applications were made on August 3, 10, 17, 21, 25, and 30 (ABCEDF). Primocane raspberries we did this to increase likelihood of adequate SWD infestation. Whatcom County. Amount of SWD larva in 100 berries was evaluated on August 15, 20, 25, 28, and September 5, which were 5, 3, 4, 3, and 6 days after B, C, D, E, and F applications (DAB, DAC, DAD, DAE and DAF), respectively.

5 Below are two examples of programs we used. Danitol 1pt/a A Mustang Max 4fl oz/a C Grandevo 3lb/a D Jet Ag 1.25% v/v D Venerate 6qt/a E Jet Ag 1.25% v/v E Grandevo 3lb/a F Jet Ag 1.25% v/v F Delegate 420g/ha A Bifenture 10DF 6.4oz/a C Malathion 20fl oz/a D Mustang Max 4fl oz/a E Grandevo 3lb/a F Close to a standard program

6 Comparison of 8 Insecticidal Programs for Control of SWD. SWD per 100 fruit Days After First and Last Application Trt No. Treatment Rate of Application No. of Applic. Total Ave. 1 control 8a 2 Delegate 420g/ha A 0.5a Bifenture 10DF 6.4oz/a C Malathion 20fl oz/a D Mustang Max 4fl oz/a E Grandevo 3lb/a F 3 Danitol 1pt/a A 0.3a Mustang Max 4fl oz/a C Grandevo 3lb/a D Jet Ag 1.25% v/v D Venerate 6qt/a E Jet Ag 1.25% v/v E Grandevo 3lb/a F Jet Ag 1.25% v/v F 4 Danitol 1pt/a A 2.5a Mustang Max 4fl oz/a C Venerate 6qt/a D Jet Ag 1.25% v/v D Grandevo 3lb/a E Jet Ag 1.25% v/v E Venerate 6qt/a F

7 Comparison of 8 Insecticidal Programs for Control of SWD. SWD per 100 fruit Days After First and Last Application Trt No. Treatment Rate of Application No. of Applic. Total Ave. 5 Delegate 420g/ha A 2a Bifenture 10DF 6.4oz/a C Grandevo 3lb/a D Jet Ag 1.25% v/v D Venerate 6qt/a E Jet Ag 1.25% v/v E Grandevo 3lb/a F Jet Ag 1.25% v/v F 6 Delegate 420g/ha A 6.8a Bifenture 10DF 6.4oz/a C Venerate 6qt/a D Jet Ag 1.25% v/v D Grandevo 3lb/a E Jet Ag 1.25% v/v E Venerate 6qt/a F Jet Ag 1.25% v/v F 7 Delegate 420g/ha A 2.5a Bifenture 10DF 6.4oz/a C Success 6fl oz/a D Jet Ag 1.25% v/v D Grandevo 3lb/a E Jet Ag 1.25% v/v E Success 6fl oz/a F

8 The untreated check had 8% of fruit infested with SWD, this program had 0.5% of fruit infested. Delegate 420 g/ha A Bifenture 10DF 6.4 oz/a C Malathion 20fl oz/a D Mustang Max 4 fl oz/a E Grandevo 3 lb/a F

9 This program had slightly less SWD than the conventional program (0.25%). Danitol 1 pt/a A Malathion 20 fl oz/a B Mustang Max 4 fl oz/a C Grandevo 3 lb/a D Jet Ag 1.25 % v/v D Venerate 6 qt/a E Jet Ag 1.25 % v/v E Grandevo 3 lb/a F Jet Ag 1.25 % v/v F This program would meet Japan, Canada, Taiwan, South Korea MRLS, but Hong Kong, China and EU markets are out.

10 This program has 2% of fruit infested with SWD. Delegate 420 g/ha A Bifenture 10DF 6.4 oz/a C Grandevo 3 lb/a D Jet Ag 1.25% v/v D Venerate 6 qt/a E Jet Ag 1.25% v/v E Grandevo 3 lb/a F Jet Ag 1.25% v/v F This program would meet MRLs for Canada, Japan, Taiwan and South Korea but the China, Hong Kong and EU markets are out

11 This program had 2.5% of fruit infested with SWD. Delegate 420 g/ha A Malathion 20 fl oz/a B Bifenture 10DF 6.4 oz/a C Success 6 fl oz/a D Jet Ag 1.25 % v/v D Grandevo 3 lb/a E Jet Ag 1.25 % v/v E Success 6 fl oz/a F Jet Ag 1.25 % v/v F This program would meet MRLs for Korea, Japan, Canada and Taiwan, but the EU, Hong Kong and China markets are out

12 Good progress in the first year. If funded for year two, we need to duplicate these results. I believe we can get residues down further. I believe we can get better efficacy. It is hard to get commercially acceptable levels of efficacy in trial when you have an untreated check or treatments that do not work. However when you have SWD programs that work as well as the industry standard programs, you would expect these programs to work when used on a commercial scale.

13 Future plans I plan to submit a proposal to the WRRC for funding next year. Working with WSU s Dr. Bev Gerdeman to source additional funding to expand this project. I have a concept to test that if successful would meet MRLs for all countries, including the EU. Will take time and money. We think we can develop an insect management program for raspberries that will control SWD, meet MRLs and not flare mites. That would be a trifecta.

14 Questions?