TABLE OF CONTENTS. OBJECTIVE TWO Measure the Contribution of Each Management Practice to Ratoon Crop Yield Using Cocodrie as the Test Variety.

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2 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY RESEARCH PRESENTATION I. OBJECTIVE ONE Measure Each Entry s Main and Ratoon Crop Yield and Milling Response With and Without Fungicide Under Intense and Moderate N Management on Clay and Silt Loam Soil. A. Methods B. Results Fungicide Effects on Rice Yield N Fertilizer Effects on Rice Yield Variety Yield Comparison (Cocodrie vs New Varieties) Herbicide Resistant Variety Yield Comparison Main Crop Variety Milling and Whole Grain/A Comparisons Ratoon Crop and Total Crop Production One Important Discovery...10 II. OBJECTIVE TWO Measure the Contribution of Each Management Practice to Ratoon Crop Yield Using Cocodrie as the Test Variety. A. Methods...10 B. Results...11 III. OBJECTIVE THREE Identify Varieties with Best Yield and Milling When Planted Beyond the Optimum Planting Date. A. Methods...11 B. Results Delayed Planting Effects on Yield at Beaumont Delayed Planting Effects on Yield at Eagle Lake Delayed Planting Effects on Milling of Each Variety...12

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT.) IV. OBJECTIVE FOUR Calculate an Economic Ranking from Each Entry s Average Main, Ratoon, and Total Crop Net Income/A, thus Providing a Better Variety Evaluator than Separate Yield and Milling Values. A. METHODS...12 B. RESULTS Comparison of Economic Rankings at Beaumont Comparison of Economic Rankings at Eagle Lake Other Conclusions from Economic Data...14 V. OBJECTIVE FIVE Provide Rice Variety Plots and Contribute Some Variety Characteristics and Growth Stage Data for the New Website-based Rice Development Advisory. TABLES A. METHODS...15 B. RESULTS...15 Table 1. Delayed Planting Effect on Yield at Beaumont...16 Table 2. Delayed Planting Effect on Yield at Eagle Lake Table 3. Milling Yields as Influenced by Variety Location and Planting Date...18 Table Economic Analysis of Varieties at Beaumont...19 Table Economic Analysis of Varieties at Eagle Lake...20 Table 6. Summary of Economic Analysis and Economic Ranking for MC, RC, and TC at Beaumont and Eagle Lake...21 Table 7. Variety Characteristics Summary... 22

4 TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT.) FIGURES Fig.1. MC, RC, TC Yields at Eagle Lake for 4 Treatments On Each Variety...23 Fig.2. MC, RC, TC Yields at Beaumont for 4 Treatments on Each Variety...24 Fig.3. MC Milling Yield and Lbs Whole Grain/A When Planted Mar 27 at Beaumont in Fig.4. MC Milling Yield and Lbs Whole Grain/A When Planted Apr 1 at Eagle Lake in Fig.5. Cocodrie, MC and RC Yield for 4 Treatments at Beaumont...27 Fig.6. Contribution of RC Input Toward Cocodrie RC Yield at Beaumont Fig.7. Fig.8. Fig.9. Cocodrie, MC and RC Yield for 4 Treatments at Eagle Lake...29 Contribution of RC Input Toward Cocodrie RC Yield at Eagle Lake...30 Growth Stage Intervals for Varieties Grown at Beaumont...31 Fig.10. Growth Stage Intervals for Varieties Grown at Eagle Lake...32 APPENDIX Appendix Table A. Comprehensive Data for Varieties at Eagle Lake 2004 Appendix Table B. Comprehensive Data for Varieties at Beaumont 2004 Appendix Table C. Appendix Table D. Rice Support Price for Each Variety Recommended Cultural Practices Formulated by Rice Producers with History of High Yield Letter from TRRF Board Making Recommendations for the 2004 Proposed Variety Evaluation

5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The primary objective was to identify the best conventional, hybrid, and herbicide resistant rice varieties for main and ratoon yield in Texas. Nine varieties were evaluated and ranked according to their main and ratoon crop production economics on clay soil at Beaumont and silt loam soil at Eagle Lake. Delayed planting effects on variety yield were measured. The contributions of seven crop management practices to ratoon crop yields were recorded. TRRF Board recommended treatments were included. Multiple fungicide applications were used under intense and moderate N fertilizer management. Cocodrie, Cheniere, Cybonnet, Banks, CL161, CLXL8, Jefferson, TX9092 and XP723 were included. Results for each of the five specific research objectives follow: I. OBJECTIVE ONE: Measure each entry s main and ratoon crop yield and milling response with and without fungicide under intense and moderate N management on clay and silt loam soils. Figures 1 and 2 on pages 23 and 24 show main crop (MC), ratoon crop (RC), and total crop (TC) yield response to fungicide and nitrogen at Beaumont and Eagle Lake. A. FUNGICIDE EFFECTS Dr. Joe Krausz observed less sheath blight on MC plots than expected considering almost three weeks of rainy weather during mid-season. His observations confirmed the yield data showing multiple fungicide applications 6 oz and 8 oz on MC and RC) helped RC yields more than MC for conventional varieties. In general, the fungicide mixture applied to MC and RC did not always increase MC yield of conventional varieties or have significant effect on hybrids, but increased RC and total crop yields of non-hybrid varieties by 250 to 1000 lbs/a. See Section I. B. (Objective One Results, page 8) for more details. B. NITROGEN FERTILIZER EFFECTS ON RICE YIELDS 1. Hybrids 180 lbs N/A increased MC yields more than the 150 lbs N/A when applied in two applications (preflood and booting) on XP723 grown on clay soil, but not on silt loam soil. 2. Non-Hybrids Pre-drain N on main crop and split N application on RC did not increase RC yield. Possibly, the higher N rates on non-hybrid varieties (185 lbs N/A on MC for silt loam and 215 for clay) plus 135 lbs N/A on RC may have masked the effect of N practices designed to increase RC yield. Previous research shows that as N rate increases, multiple N applications to fine-tune N fertilizer efficiency become less effective.

6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (CONT.) C. VARIETY EFFECTS 1. Cocodrie vs. New Varieties (Figs. 1 and 2, pages 23 and 24) a. Cheniere s RC was lower than Cocodrie s at Eagle Lake. Cheniere s MC and RC were lower than Cocodrie s at Beaumont. b. c. Bank s MC exceeded Cocodrie s MC. However, Cocodrie s RC was higher at both locations. d. e. Cybonnet matched or exceeded Cocodrie s MC, but not Cocodrie s RC at each location. f. g. XP723 exceeded Cocodrie s MC and RC yields by 1000 to 2000 lbs/a and total crop yields up to 3000 lb/a regardless of location. D. HERBICIDE-RESISTANT VARIETY YIELD COMPARISON CLXL8 tended to exceed CL161's MC and RC yields by 1000 lbs/a under 2004 conditions at both locations. 1. Main Crop Milling and Whole Grain /A Comparison a. Average milling and pounds whole grain/a are shown in Figures 3 and 4. b. Varieties producing more MC whole grain/a than Cocodrie at Beaumont were CL161 (250 lbs/a), Cybonnet, Banks, CLXL8 (500 to 800 lbs/a), and XP723 ( 1500 lbs/a). At Eagle Lake, varieties yielding more whole grain/a than Cocodrie were CL161 ( 250 lbs/a), Cybonnet ( 500 lbs/a) and XP723 ( 1500 lbs/a). c. d. CL161's MC whole grain/a exceeded CLXL8 at Eagle Lake, but not at Beaumont. e. E. RATOON CROP CONTRIBUTION TO TOTAL YIELD Cocodrie exceeded all entries except CLXL8 and XP723 in RC and TC grain production. XP723 produced up to 2000 lbs/a more total grain/a and up to 1500 lbs/a more whole grain than Cocodrie. See Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4. F. MOST SIGNIFICANT FINDING The new hybrid XP723 exhibited milling on par with Cocodrie and exceeded Cocodrie in MC and RC yields.

7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (CONT.) II. OBJECTIVE TWO: Measure the contribution of each management practice to ratoon crop yield using Cocodrie as the test variety. A. The MC plus RC yields of the 4 basic treatments are shown in Figures 5 and 7. The second yield bar from the bottom is the yield for maximum RC input. Figure 8 shows that at Eagle Lake, the estimated contribution of management inputs toward RC yield for Cocodrie in 2004 were: 1. Quadris plus Tilt on MC and RC 1831 lbs/a Quadris plus Tilt on MC only 1407 lbs/a Quadris plus Tilt on RC 425 lbs/a Karate application to RC for stem borer 306 lbs/a Multiple MC N applications (split PI, pre-drain and split on RC) had no effect on RC yield. Three N applications on MC and one N application on RC yielded 4307 lbs of ratoon rice/a. While the five N applications on MC plus two N applications on RC produced a RC of 4144 lbs/a The MC cutting height data are not shown because of inconsistencies in the data. B. The management inputs contributing to RC yield were similar at Beaumont, (Fig. 6), but of lower magnitude. Maximum inputs produced a RC yield of 4227 lbs/a (Fig. 5). The estimated contribution of RC inputs toward RC yield of Cocodrie at Beaumont were: 1. Lower MC cutting height contribution 392 lbs/a Quadris plus Tilt on MC and RC 361 lbs/a Quadris plus Tilt on MC only 199 lbs/a Quadris plut Tilt on RC only 152 lbs/a Karate on RC 109 lbs/a N management inputs (split PI nitrogen, pre-drain N, and split RC nitrogen) did not contribute toward RC yield possibly because high N rates (225 lbs/a) masked the effects of inputs like split N applications, that can increase N efficiency when N rate is not excessive.

8 Executive Summary (Cont.) III. OBJECTIVE THREE: Identify varieties with best yield and milling when planted beyond the optimum planting date. A. At Beaumont, the 2004 rice yield loss due to delaying the planting from March 27 until May 10 resulted in a 177 lbs/a/ week delay in planting. This year the yield loss was lower than the 250 lbs/a/week average over the past 4 years. Actual yields for May 10, 2004 planting were: XP723 (8200 lbs/a), CLXL8 (7200 lbs/a), Banks, Cybonnet and Cocodrie ( 6300 lbs/a) followed by TX9092, Cheniere, CL161 and Jefferson ( 5500 lbs/a). See Table 1. B. At Eagle Lake, the 7-week delay in planting (April 1 to May 24) caused an average yield loss of 186 lbs/a/week compared to the 4-year average 275 lbs/a/week. Delayed planting yields of each entry were: XP723 ( 9000 lbs/a), CLXL8 ( 7800 lbs/a), TX9092 and Cocodrie ( 7000 lbs/a), Banks, Cybonnet and Cheniere ( 6300 lbs/a) followed by Jefferson and CL161 ( 5500 lbs/a). C. Milling yields as affected by delayed planting are shown in Table 3. Delayed planting usually decreases milling yields as at Beaumont this year. The opposite effect was recorded at Eagle Lake this year. IV. OBJECTIVE FOUR: Calculate an economic ranking from each entry s average main, ratoon, and total crop net income/a; thus, providing a better variety evaluator than separate yield and milling values. Table 6 shows MC, RC, and TC ranking and net income/a for each variety at Beaumont and Eagle Lake. A. At Beaumont, the varieties listed in order of decreasing TC net income/a with net income/a in parentheses were XP723 ($335/A), CLXL8 ($261/A), Cybonnet ($150/A), Cocodrie ($118/A), CL161 ($85/A), Banks ($64/A), TX9092 ($42), Jefferson ($-1/A), and Cheniere ($-36/A). B. At Eagle Lake, the TC net income ranking was XP723 ($455/A), Cybonnet ($226/A), CLXL8 ($222/A), CL161 ($157/A), Banks ($124/A), Cheniere ($85/A), Cocodrie ($81/A), TX9092 ($46A), and Jefferson $(43/A). C. See Research Presentation Objective Four for more details including MC and RC ranking and net income for each variety (Page 13). D. The average MC, RC, and TC of all varieties at the bottom of Table 6 show that the RC contributed 90 to 100% of the average TC net income/a.

9 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (CONT.) V. OBJECTIVE FIVE: Provide rice variety plots and contribute some variety characteristics and growth stage data for the new website-based Rice Development Advisory. Table 7 and Figures 9 and 10 show typical variety specific data that this research contributes directly to rice producers and to the new Rice Development Advisory website. Varieties in field plots at Beaumont and Eagle Lake coupled with growth stage or climate data collected by Jack Vawter, Mike Jund, and Dr. Yubin Yang and his team, contribute to a database for the Rice Development Advisory useful in predicting critical rice growth stages for Texas rice producers. This ENDS THE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. Details of the Report follow in order of research objectives 1 through 5. THE RESEARCHERS THANK TRRF FOR FUNDING THIS RESEARCH DESIGNED TO HELP TEXAS RICE FARMERS.

10 RESEARCH PRESENTATION The primary research objective was to evaluate public and private US rice varieties for main and ratoon crop production in Texas while developing variety specific management practices. This primary objective was separated into five specific objectives listed below. The TRRF Board made the following recommendations regarding the proposed research (See TRRF Board letter on last page of Appendix.) 1. Omit medium grain varieties and medium grain hybrids 2. Omit Cypress, Wells and Francis varieties 3. Include a with and without fungicide treatment 4. Tailor a single fertilizer management program for each entry. (A meeting of high yielding ratoon crop producers was held to help formulate best management practices. See next to last page of Appendix for producers recommended practices for Cocodrie). Since the variety evaluation tests included new varieties not grown by the high-yield producers, each entry was evaluated under moderate and intense N management rather than evaluated under a single fertilizer management program recommended by TRRF Board. The intense management inputs evolved out of the meeting with rice producers having a history of high RC yields. OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVE ONE Measure each entry s main and ratoon crop yield and milling response with and without fungicide under intense and moderate N management on clay and silt loam soils. OBJECTIVE TWO Measure the contribution of each management practice to ratoon crop yield using Cocodrie as the test variety. OBJECTIVE THREE Identify varieties with best yield and milling when planted beyond the optimum planting date. OBJECTIVE FOUR Calculate an economic ranking from each entry s average main, ratoon and total crop net income/a, thus providing a better variety evaluator than separate yield and milling values. OBJECTIVE FIVE Provide rice variety plots and contribute some variety characteristics and growth stage data for the new Rice Development Advisory website.

11 RESEARCH PRESENTATION (CONT.) The methods and results for each objective follow: I. OBJECTIVE ONE: Measure each entry s main and ratoon crop yield and milling response with and without fungicide under intense and moderate N management on clay and silt loam soils. A. METHODS 1. The following nine entries were included and represent four rice variety groups: TRUE SEMIDWARF (LESS THAN 100 CM OR 38 INCHES TALL) Cheniere second year from Louisiana Cocodrie standard from Louisiana Cybonnet new from Arkansas Jefferson early maturing standard from Texas TX9092 potential release from Texas TALLER THAN SEMIDWARF HYBRID new from Arkansas HERBICIDE RESISTANT new RiceTec hybrid with excellent yield and milling improved to compete with best conventional varieties for red rice control from Horizon Ag for red rice control from RiceTec 2. FUNGICIDE TREATED AND UNTREATED A mixture of Quadris (8 oz/a) and Tilt (6 oz/a) was applied at main crop booting and again on ratoon crop 45 days after flooding to help assure disease was not limiting yield of the intense management treatment. 3. Levels of N Management for Variety, Hybrids and Soil a. EAGLE LAKE (SILT LOAM) Non-Hybrids = 185 lbs N/A on main crop plus 135 on ratoon in 7 or 4 applications 7 applications = 45 PP, 35 PF, 30 PI, 45 PI+14 days, 30 pre-drain, plus 90 pre-ratoon flood and 45 lbs/a, 25 days later 4 applications = 45 PP, 80 PF, 60 PI plus 135 ratoon preflood Hybrids = 150 or 180 lbs N/A on MC plus 135 on ratoon applied in 3 applications 3 applications = 90 or 120 preflood, 60 booting plus 135 ratoon preflood

12 RESEARCH PRESENTATION (CONT.) b. BEAUMONT (CLAY SOIL) Non-hybrids = 215 lbs N/A on main plus 135 lbs/a on ratoon in 7 or 4 applications 7 applications = 45 PP, 60 PF, 45 PI, 45 PI+14 days, 30 pre-drain, plus 90 pre-ratoon flood and 45 lbs/a, 25 days later 4 applications = 45 PP, 90 PF, 80 PI plus 135 pre-ratoon flood Hybrids = 150 or 180 lbs N/A plus 135 on ratoon applied in 3 applications 3 applications = 90 or 120 preflood, 60 booting plus 135 ratoon preflood 4. The test was drill-planted March 27 at Beaumont using 8 rows spaced 8" apart and 20' long. The Eagle Lake site was drill-planted April 1 using 10 rows spaced 7 ½" apart and 16' long. 5. Seeding rates were adjusted for seed/lb and germination of each entry to obtain targeted plant populations of 15 to 20 seedlings/ft 2 for conventional varieties and 9 to 12 for hybrids. B. RESULTS Figures 1 and 2 (pages 23 and 24) show main crop (MC), ratoon crop (RC), and total crop (TC) yield response to MC and RC fungicide plus N management at Eagle Lake and Beaumont. 1. FUNGICIDE EFFECTS ON RICE YIELDS: Although Tilt fungicide applications to RC are not labeled, we applied a mixture of Tilt (6 oz/a) and Quadris (8 oz/a) to both MC and RC to maximize yield potential of each of the 9 entries at the two locations. The extremely rainy weather during mid-season suggested that sheath blight disease would be a problem, yet Dr. Joe Krausz observed the MC test plots and attributed the lack of plant disease to temperatures below 85 F suppressing the disease organisms. In general, Figures 1 and 2 showed the Tilt and Quadris mixture on MC and RC tended to benefit RC yield more than MC yields. Especially for Cybonnet, Cocodrie, Cheniere, and CL161 at Eagle Lake and Banks, Cybonnet, CL161, Jefferson, Cheniere, and TX9092 at Beaumont. This mixture of fungicides on MC and RC did not always increase MC yield of conventional varieties or have significant effect on hybrids (XP723 and CLXL8) MC yields. However, the fungicide mixture usually increased RC and total crop yields of conventional varieties 250 to 1000 lbs/a, but not hybrid rice yields. 2. N FERTILIZER EFFECTS ON RICE YIELDS: a. Hybrids The 180 lbs N/A produced approximately 500 lbs/a higher MC yields of XP723 than 150 lbs N/A when applied in two applications (preflood and booting) at Beaumont. The higher N rates did not produce higher MC yields at Eagle Lake.

13 RESEARCH PRESENTATION (CONT.) b. Non-Hybrids No clear yield advantage of multiple N applications on conventional varieties was evident, possibly because the high MC nitrogen rates (185 lbs N/A at Eagle Lake and 215 lbs N/A at Beaumont) masked the effect of multiple N applications designed to improve N efficiency and increase yield. This observation would not be possible had we not used a moderate as well as an intense N management treatment. Three N applications on MC tended to maximize MC and RC yields of Cocodrie, Jefferson, Cheniere and TX9092 at Beaumont and Eagle Lake. Five N applications on MC tended to maximize MC and TC yields, but not RC yields of Banks, Cybonnet and CL161. Seven N applications (5 on MC + 2 on RC) did not consistently produce higher RC yields than four N applications (3 on MC + 1 on RC). Had we tested only a single N management for each entry, we could not draw conclusions regarding multiple applications of N. 3. VARIETY YIELD COMPARISON (COCODRIE VS. NEW VARIETIES): a. Cheniere s MC (8000 lbs/a) was on par with Cocodrie s, but RC yields were lower than Cocodrie s at Eagle Lake. At Beaumont, Cocodrie was superior in both MC and RC. See Figures 1 and 2, pages 23 and 24. b. Banks MC yield exceeded Cocodrie s. However, Cocodrie s RC was higher at both locations. c. Cybonnet s MC yields were similar to Cocodrie while Cocodrie s RC yields were superior at both locations. d. XP723's MC yields exceeded Cocodrie s by more than 1000 lbs/a at Beaumont and 2000 lbs/a at Eagle Lake. XP723 also produced significantly higher RC yields than Cocodrie. 4. HERBICIDE RESISTANT VARIETY YIELD COMPARISON: The herbicide resistant hybrid CLXL8 tended to yield up to 1000 lbs/a more than CL161 in both MC and RC yields under 2004 conditions. CL161 had a slight milling advantage at Beaumont and large advantage at Eagle Lake. 5. MAIN CROP VARIETY MILLING AND WHOLE GRAIN/A COMPARISONS: Average milling yields for each entry and pounds whole grain/a (i.e., the product of % milled rice times grain yield/a) are given in Figures 3 and 4.

14 RESEARCH PRESENTATION (CONT.) a. Varieties producing more MC whole grain/a than Cocodrie at Beaumont were: CL161 ( 250 lbs/a), Cybonnet, Banks, CLXL8 ( 800 lbs/a) and XP723 ( 1500 lbs/a). b. Varieties producing more MC whole grain/a than Cocodrie at Eagle Lake were: CL161 ( 150 lbs/a), Cybonnet ( 500 lbs/a), and XP723 ( 1500 lbs/a). c. CL161's MC whole grain/a exceeded CLXL8, at Eagle Lake, but not at Beaumont. 6. RATOON CROP AND TOTAL CROP PRODUCTION Cocodrie s ratoon crop yield helped to produce more total crop yield and whole grain/a than all entries except CLXL8 and XP723. XP723 produced up to 2000 lbs/a more total grain/a and up to 1500 lbs/a more whole grain than Cocodrie in One of the most important discoveries from this year s variety comparison is a hybrid with high yield and milling. The XP723 RiceTec hybrid produced whole grain milling yields on par with Cocodrie (i.e., 58% at Eagle Lake and 67% at Beaumont) and out yielded Cocodrie by 1500 lbs/a. It is difficult to see how the best conventional varieties can compete with hybrids like XP723, if hybrids continue to produce significantly more whole grain/a and have a similar or lower rice production cost. II. OBJECTIVE TWO: Measure the contribution of each management practice to ratoon crop yield using Cocodrie as the test variety. A. METHODS: Since there were too many varieties to test the contribution of each ratoon crop management practice on all varieties, Cocodrie was chosen as the test variety at Beaumont and Eagle Lake. The four basic treatments consisted of 4 or 7 N applications with and without fungicide (Tilt - 6 oz and Quadris - 8 oz) applied to MC and RC. Yields of the four treatments are shown in Figures 7 (Eagle Lake) and 5 (Beaumont). The second yield bar from the bottom of Figures 5 and 7 shows Cocodrie s MC and RC yields for maximum RC inputs (i.e., seven N applications: preplant, preflood, PI, PI+14 days, pre-drain, pre-ratoon flood and again 25 days later, fungicide mixture application at MC booting and 25 days after RC flood, plus lowering MC cutting height to inches.) To determine the yield contribution of each RC practice or input, we measured changes in RC yield as we omitted one of the RC practices.

15 RESEARCH PRESENTATION (CONT.) B. RESULTS Figures 6 (Beaumont) and 8 (Eagle Lake) show the positive or negative effects of omitting one practice from the maximum RC input practices. Figure 8 shows that for 2004 conditions at Eagle Lake, the Quadris/Tilt mixture applied on MC and RC contributed 1831 lbs/a toward the 4227 lbs/a RC yield. Fungicide mixture only on MC contributed 1407 lbs/a to RC. A single application of the fungicide mixture to the RC contributed 425 lbs/a to the RC yield. Even though Tilt fungicide is not labeled for RC, these data suggest it should be. A Karate insecticide application to RC contributed 306 lbs/a towards the 4227 RC yield. Multiple N applications (split PI application, pre-drain application and split RC N) tended to reduce the RC yield, as well as increase application cost. This RC yield decrease was supported by the fact that the RC yield for minimum N application [4822 lbs/a (See Fig. 7)] with fungicide exceeded the RC yield with maximum N applications (4227 lbs/a). These data indicate that fungicide and insecticide contributed significantly to RC yield of Cocodrie at Eagle Lake, but multiple N applications did not contribute; possibly because of the high soil N supply in the Eagle Lake soil. However, similar results were observed at Beaumont (Fig. 5 and 6) where the clay soil is low in N and multiple N applications did not contribute to RC yield (See Fig. 6). The RC practices contributing most to RC yield (4114 lbs/a) were cutting main crop stubble to inches (392 lbs/a), fungicide on MC and RC (361 lbs/a), fungicides just on MC (199 lbs/a), fungicide on RC only (152 lbs/a) and Karate insecticide on RC (109 lbs/a). III. OBJECTIVE THREE: Identify varieties with best yield and milling when planted beyond the optimum planting date. A. METHODS Varieties were planted first on Mar 27 and April 1 at Beaumont and Eagle Lake, respectively, as described in Objective One. The delayed planting occurred May 10 at Beaumont and May 24 at Eagle Lake. Under delayed planting conditions, the varieties received inputs listed below which were common to a treatment in the early planted experiment to assure planting date was the only variable. Yields of each planting date at a location were compared to measure the effect of delayed planting on MC yield of each variety. The delayed planting treatments were: lbs N/A (at Beaumont) or 185 lbs N/A (at Eagle Lake) applied in three applications on conventional varieties with hybrids receiving 180 lbs N/A in two applications. 2. No fungicide applied. 3. Other recommended production practices assure planting date was the yield limiting factor on main crop. Ratoon crop was eliminated by delayed planting.

16 RESEARCH PRESENTATION (CONT.) B. RESULTS 1. DELAYED PLANTING EFFECTS ON YIELD AT BEAUMONT (TABLE 1) For the past 4 years, the average yield loss for 6-week delay in planting was 250 lbs/a/week delay. This year the average yield loss across all varieties was 177 lbs/a/week delay. The variety showing the least yield loss was Cheniere, but the hybrid variety XP723 produced highest yields (8200 lbs/a) under delayed planting conditions. The delayed planting yields arranged in order of decreasing yield were XP723 ( 8200 lbs/a), CLXL8 (7200 lbs/a), Banks, Cybonnet, Cocodrie ( 6300 lbs/a), followed by TX9092, Cheniere, CL161 and Jefferson yielding about 5500 lbs/a under delayed planting conditions at Beaumont. 2. DELAYED PLANTING EFFECTS ON YIELDS AT EAGLE LAKE (TABLE 2) Although the delayed planting yields were slightly higher at Eagle Lake relative to Beaumont, the average yield loss per week delay over the 7-week delay in planting at Eagle Lake was 186 lbs/a/week delay similar to the 177 lbs/a/week delay at Beaumont, but less than the 4-year average of 275 lbs yield loss/a/week at Eagle Lake. TX9092 only lost about 50 lbs/a /week, but XP723 produced by far highest yields under delayed planting conditions. The following yields were recorded for delayed planting at Eagle Lake: XP723 ( 9000 lbs/a), CLXL8 ( 7800 lbs/a), TX9092 and Cocodrie ( 7000 lbs/a), Banks, Cybonnet and Cheniere ( 6300 lbs/a) followed by Jefferson and CL161 ( 5500 lbs/a). The hybrid varieties continue to show higher yield potential under delayed planting conditions. 3. DELAYED PLANTING EFFECTS ON MILLING OF EACH VARIETY Table 3 shows milling yields as influenced by variety, location and planting date during Typically, delayed planting lowers milling as occurred at Beaumont in However, delayed planting tended to increase milling at Eagle Lake, possibly because early planting milling yields at Eagle Lake were lower than normal. Variety had a stronger effect on milling than location and planting date. IV. OBJECTIVE FOUR: Calculate an economic ranking from each entry s average main, ratoon, and total crop net income/a, thus, providing a better variety evaluator than separate yield and milling values. A. METHODS Tables 4 and 5 show main crop (MC) and ratoon crop (RC) yields and milling for each variety subjected to treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4 (i.e., treatments 1 and 2 received moderate N inputs and treatments 3 and 4 received intense N inputs while treatments 1 and 3 received no fungicide, but 2 and 4 received multiple fungicides described in Figures 1 and 2. Rice price/cwt, used to calculate net income/a for each variety, ranged from $7.17 to $8.56, is shown in Appendix Table C. James Tinker Hewitt of American Rice Growers Co-op Anahuac

17 RESEARCH PRESENTATION (CONT.) Division calculated prices based on milled rice samples we measured from harvest plots. Tables 4 and 5 show each variety s MC, RC, and TC net income/a at Beaumont and Eagle Lake. The average values for each crop are summarized in Table 6 where the varieties are ranked in order of decreasing net income/a for TC yields. The numbers in ( ) are the economic rank within the MC, RC, or TC columns. Direct expenses were taken from Tables 24 and 25 found on pages 52 and 53 of the 2004 Rice Production Guidelines. Adjustments were made for each treatment s fertilizer, fungicide, and application cost based on 2004 cost for each of these inputs. Fixed cost, which vary with land cost and farm, were not included in determining net income/a. B. RESULTS Entries are listed in order of decreasing average total crop net income/a for Beaumont (Table 4) and Eagle Lake (Table 5). Cocodrie data are shaded to facilitate a comparison of Cocodrie s economic data with other entries. Table 6 summarizes the average net income data for MC, RC, and TC for both locations and lists the varieties in order of decreasing TC net income/a. The number in ( ) in each column indicates the entry s economic rank. A variety s economic rank is a more comprehensive indication of a variety s potential than a comparison of separate yield and milling data. An economic rank is derived from yield, milling, rice price, and direct expenses or production cost. 1. COMPARISON OF MC, RC AND TC ECONOMIC RANKINGS AT BEAUMONT: Table 6 shows Cocodrie had a MC economic ranking of (6). The five varieties with better MC economic rank than Cocodrie were CL161 (5), Cybonnet (4), Banks (3), CLXL8 (2) and XP723 (1). Cocodrie s RC economic rank at Beaumont was (4) with TX9092 (3), CLXL8 (2), and XP723 (1) showing better RC economic rank because of their higher RC net income/a than Cocodrie. Cocodrie s TC economic rank was (4) which was exceeded by Cybonnet (3), CLXL8 (2), and XP723 (1). The Beaumont data in Table 6 suggest the two varieties from Arkansas (Cybonnet and Banks), as well as CLXL8 and XP723, have potential to produce more MC income than Cocodrie. Banks ratoon potential is less than Cocodrie s. Cocodrie had less TC potential than Cybonnet, CLXL8, and XP723. Cheniere s MC, RC, and TC economic rankings of (8), (7), and (9), respectively were below Cocodrie s (6), (4), and (4), respectively, indicating that under 2004 conditions, Cocodrie was economically better than Cheniere. In comparing the herbicide resistant varieties, CLXL8's economic ranking was always better than CL161's rankings.

18 RESEARCH PRESENTATION (CONT.) 2. COMPARISON OF MC, RC AND TC ECONOMIC RANKINGS AT EAGLE LAKE: Table 6 shows all varieties but Jefferson and TX9092 had equal or better MC, RC, and TC economic rankings than Cocodrie. a. In comparing herbicide resistant varieties, CL161 and CLXL8 had similar economic rankings at Eagle Lake while CLXL8 tended to perform better at Beaumont. b. Cheniere and Cocodrie had similar economic rankings suggesting Cheniere will perform as well as Cocodrie at Eagle Lake. 3. OTHER CONCLUSIONS FROM ECONOMIC DATA IN TABLES 4 AND 5 The economic data for treatments 1, 2, 3, and 4 shown in Tables 4 and 5, illustrate that maximum inputs can sometimes produce the highest MC, RC, and TC gross income/a, but lower inputs can produce the most net income/a. As management level increased from moderate to intense inputs, direct expenses and gross income/a increased for most varieties while net income/a decreased. Maximum net income/a was achieved from the least inputs. In this study for conventional varieties the treatments and inputs were: TREATMENTS AND INPUTS FOR CONVENTIONAL VARIETIES: Treatment 1 3 N applications on MC plus 1 N application to RC Treatment 2 Treatment 3 Treatment 4 Same as Treatment 1 plus fungicide on MC and RC 5 N applications on MC plus 2 N applications on RC Same as Treatment 3 plus fungicide on MC and RC Detailed N application timings are given on pages 7 and 8. Had the N rates for conventional varieties been lower than 185 lbs/a for MC plus 135 lbs/a for RC at Eagle Lake or lower than 215 lbs/a for MC plus 135 lbs N/A for RC at Beaumont, timing of N may have resulted in economic increases in rice yield. Hybrid treatments and inputs were: Treatment 1 Treatment 2 Treatment 3 Treatment 4 TREATMENTS AND INPUTS FOR HYBRIDS 150 lbs MC N in 2 applications without fungicide 150 lbs MC N in 2 applications plus fungicide 180 lbs MC N in 2 applications without fungicide 180 lbs MC N in 2 applications plus fungicide

19 RESEARCH PRESENTATION (CONT.) V. OBJECTIVE FIVE: Provide rice variety plots and contribute some variety characteristics and growth stage data for the new website-based Rice Development Advisory. A. METHODS Seed per pound, emergence, tillering, and critical growth stages were recorded for all varieties grown in the early and delayed planting studies at Beaumont and Eagle Lake. These data along with other climatic data collected by others, contributed to Dr. Yubin Yang and his team s database for the Rice Development Advisory used to predict critical rice growth stages of each variety. B. RESULTS Table 7 and Figures 9 and 10 show data describing the new and standard varieties. The figures show the effect of planting date on critical growth stage development intervals for each variety.

20 TABLES Table 1. Delayed planting effect on main crop yield of 6 conventional varieties 2 hybrids and 2 herbicide resistant varieties at Beaumont in Number in ( ) next to yields are each entries yield ranking for the specific planting dates. Main Crop Yields (lbs/a) Entry Name Mar 27 May 10 Yield change (lbs/a) XP (1) 8156 (1) -975 CLXL (2) 7153 (2) Banks 8062 (3) 6316 (4) Cybonnet 7293 (4) 6322 (3) -971 Jefferson 7065 (5) 5384 (9) Cocodrie 6956 (6) 6169 (5) -787 CL (7) 5422 (8) TX (8) 5681 (6) -429 Cheniere 5967 (9) 5618 (7) -349 Avg =

21 Table 2. Delayed planting effect on main crop yield at Eagle Lake in 2004 for 6 conventional varieties, 2 hybrids and 2 herbicide resistant. Numbers in ( ) next to yields are each entries yield ranking for the specific planting dates. Main Crop Yields (lbs/a) Entry Name Apr 1 May 24 Yield change (lbs/a) XP (1) 9161 (1) CLXL (2) 7806 (2) -930 Banks 8360 (3) 6462 (5) Cybonnet 7769 (4) 6263 (6) Cocodrie 7702 (5) 6921 (4) -781 CL (6) 5456 (9) Cheniere 7594 (7) 6203 (7) TX (8) 7281 (3) -353 Jefferson 7033 (9) 5751 (8) Avg =

22 Table 3. Milling yields as influenced by variety, location, early planting (Objective One) and delayed planting (Objective Two) during Variety Rice milling yields expressed as % whole grain / % total milled Beaumont Eagle Lake Mar 27 May 10 Difference a April 1 May 24 Difference a Banks 63/71 60/ /69 56/68 +3 Cheniere 67/73 62/ /71 59/71 +1 CL161 68/73 62/ /70 63/70 +2 CLXL8 66/73 59/ /68 55/70 +7 Cocodrie 65/72 61/ /67 60/70 +1 Cybonnet 70/74 63/ /71 64/71 0 Jefferson 65/72 64/ /70 63/71 +2 TX /72 61/ /70 62/70 +2 XP723 68/73 61/ /70 59/70 0 a Difference in % whole grain milling due to delayed planting.

23 Table Economic Analysis for Variety Screening at Beaumont Ranked In Order Of Total Net Income MC Net Income RC Net Income Total Net Income Treatment MC MC MC MC Gross MC 2004 Price RC RC RC RC Gross RC Price Variety Number Yield % Whole % Total Income ($/A) Expenses ($) $/A Yield % Whole % Total Income ($/A) Expenses ($) $/A RC + MC ($/A) XP CLXL Cybonnet Cocodrie CL Banks TX Jefferson Cheniere

24 Table Economic Analysis for Variety Screening at Eagle Lake Ranked In Order Of Total Net Income MC Net Income RC Net Income Total Net Income Treatment MC MC MC MC Gross MC 2004 Price RC RC RC RC Gross RC Price Variety Number Yield % Whole % Total Income ($/A) Expenses ($) $/A Yield % Whole % Total Income ($/A) Expenses ($) $/A RC + MC ($/A) XP Cybonnet CLXL CL Banks Cheniere Cocodrie TX Jefferson

25 Table 6. Summary of economic performance based on main, ratoon and total yield as well as milling and grade when planted April 1, 2004 on silt loam soil at Eagle Lake and March 27, 2004 on clay at Beaumont. Varieties are listed in order of decreasing total crop net income/a at each location. Parentheses in the main, ratoon and total crop columns indicate the variety s relative economic rank for that crop. Tables 4 and 5 show the main crop and ratoon crop yield, milling and expenses used to calculate net income/a. Appendix Table C shows variety price/cwt for main crop. NET MAIN, RATOON AND TOTAL CROP VALUE $/A AND ECONOMIC RANK ( ) a Net income $/A on clay at Beaumont Net income $/A on silt loam soil at Eagle Lake Variety Main Crop + Ratoon Crop = Total Variety Main Crop + Ratoon Crop = Total XP723 $ 100 (1) $ 255 (1) $ 355 (1) XP723 $ 217 (1) $ 228 (1) $ 445 (1) CLXL8 46 (2) 215 (2) 261 (2) Cybonnet 34 (2) 192 (3) 226 (2) Cybonnet 16 (4) 134 (5) 150 (3) CLXL8 21 (3) 201 (2) 222 (3) Cocodrie -58 (6) 175 (4) 118 (4) CL161 1 (5) 156 (4) 157 (4) CL (5) 112 (6) 85 (5) Banks 18 (4) 106 (6) 124 (5) Banks 29 (3) 35 (9) 64 (6) Cheniere -7 (6) 92 (9) 85 (6) TX (9) 180 (3) 42 (7) Cocodrie -11 (7) 92 (8) 81 (7) Jefferson -61 (7) 60 (8) -1 (8) TX (8) 91 (7) 46 (8) Cheniere -127 (8) 91 (7) -36 (9) Jefferson -82 (9) 125 (5) 43 (9) Avg = = 115 Avg = = 158 a Numbers in ( ) indicate economic ranking for main or ratoon crops. A variety s economic rank reflects variety average yield, milling, price and direct expenses for main, ratoon or total crop in (1) = highest net income/a.

26 TABLE 7. VARIETY CHARACTERISTICS SUMMARY Variety Name and Group seed per pound 1 max. Days from emergence productive for early plantings tillers per plant 2 PD HD Maturity VARIETY CHARACTERISTICS Mature Plant Height (inches) Variety Strengths TRUE SEMIDWARF( LESS THAN 39 INCHES TALL OR 1 CM TALL) Cybonnet 19, high MC 3 yield, excellent milling Cheniere 20, MC similar or less than Cocodrie MC consistency, Cocodrie 18, delayed planting MC yield earliness, SB 3 Jefferson 16, tolerance, lodging resistance TX9092 TALLER THAN SEMIDWARFS Banks HYBRIDS XP723 HERBICIDE RESISTANT CLXL8 18, RC yield 19, high MC yield 17, high MC and RC yields, milling on par with conventional varieties Variety Weaknesses not proven on farmers field RC 3 yield RC variability chalkiness, inconsistent milling tillering capacity MC yield RC consistency and yield low planting rate, seed cost improved yield over CL121 and 141, red RC, seed and CL161 20, rice control, herbicide herbicide cost resistance red rice control, seed and 21, herbicide resistance herbicide cost Can vary as much as 10% due to climate cultural practices and seed cleaning. 2 Productive tillers per plant spaced 10 inches apart near plots at Beaumont under 2004 conditions. Main Crop = MC; Ratoon Crop = RC; SB = sheath blight.

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38 APPENDIX

39 Appendix Table A: Comprehensive data for varieties at Eagle Lake 2004 Days to flood = 42 MC stubble height = 10 to 12 inches M.C. *Ratoon Total M.C. M.C. M.C. Yield Yield Yield Days Days Plant M.C. M.C. R.C. R.C. Preplant Preflood PI or GR PI + 14 Days Predrain Lbs/ac Lbs/ac Lbs/ac to to Ht. % % % % Variety Trt Rep N (lbs/a) N (lbs/a) N (lbs/a) N (lbs/a) N (lbs/a) Fungicide 12% M. 12% M. 12% M. Head Mat (cm) Whole Total Whole Total Banks No Banks No Banks No Banks No Banks Yes Banks Yes Banks Yes Banks Yes Banks No Banks No Banks No Banks No Banks Yes Banks Yes Banks Yes Banks Yes Avg. Across All Treatments *Ratoon inputs for treatments 1-4 conventional varieties are as follows RC Pre-fld RC Pre-fld +25 da. RC RC N (lbs/a) N (lbs/a) Fungicide Insecticide No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Hybrids received 135 lbs Pre-flood N/A with or without fungicide

40 Appendix Table A: Comprehensive data for varieties at Eagle Lake 2004 continued Days to flood = 42 MC stubble height = 10 to 12 inches M.C. *Ratoon Total M.C. M.C. M.C. Yield Yield Yield Days Days Plant M.C. M.C. R.C. R.C. Preplant Preflood PI or GR PI + 14 Days Predrain Lbs/ac Lbs/ac Lbs/ac to to Ht. % % % % Variety Trt Rep N (lbs/a) N (lbs/a) N (lbs/a) N (lbs/a) N (lbs/a) Fungicide 12% M. 12% M. 12% M. Head Mat (cm) Whole Total Whole Total Chnr No Chnr No Chnr No Chnr No Chnr Yes Chnr Yes Chnr Yes Chnr Yes Chnr No Chnr No Chnr No Chnr No Chnr Yes Chnr Yes Chnr Yes Chnr Yes *Ratoon inputs for treatments 1-4 conventional varieties are as follows Avg. Across All Treatments RC Pre-fld RC Pre-fld +25 da. RC RC N (lbs/a) N (lbs/a) Fungicide Insecticide No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Hybrids received 135 lbs Pre-flood N/A with or without fungicide

41 Appendix Table A: Comprehensive data for varieties at Eagle Lake 2004 continued Days to flood = 42 MC stubble height = 10 to 12 inches M.C. *Ratoon Total M.C. M.C. M.C. Yield Yield Yield Days Days Plant M.C. M.C. R.C. R.C. Preplant Preflood PI or GR PI + 14 Days Predrain Lbs/ac Lbs/ac Lbs/ac to to Ht. % % % % Variety Trt Rep N (lbs/a) N (lbs/a) N (lbs/a) N (lbs/a) N (lbs/a) Fungicide 12% M. 12% M. 12% M. Head Mat (cm) Whole Total Whole Total Ccdr No Ccdr No Ccdr No Ccdr No Ccdr Yes Ccdr Yes Ccdr Yes Ccdr Yes Ccdr No Ccdr No Ccdr No Ccdr No Ccdr Yes Ccdr Yes Ccdr Yes Ccdr Yes *Ratoon inputs for treatments 1-4 conventional varieties are as follows Avg. Across All Treatments RC Pre-fld RC Pre-fld +25 da. RC RC N (lbs/a) N (lbs/a) Fungicide Insecticide No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Hybrids received 135 lbs Pre-flood N/A with or without fungicide