Herbicides and Weed Control. Jim Heiser

Transcription

1 Herbicides and Weed Control Jim Heiser

2 Issues to be addressed Weed Control in Row Rice 2017 and 2018 results Different treatment lists Dicamba effects on rice growth and grain quality applied at various growth stages Auxins in Soybean, Cotton, and Rice in 2019

3 Weed Control in Row Rice Two distinct treatment lists Availability of Loyant Challenges in 2017 Salvaged crown-end treatments 2018-only planned on crown-end treatments Evaluations Weed control ratings - palmer, pitted morningglory, horsenettle, yellow nutsedge, broadleaf signalgrass, purple ammannia Crop response stunting, chlorosis, general injury

4 Weed Control in Row Rice Command + Sharpen PRE all treatments Rep 1, Treatment 2 had poor control of Palmer all season Very good control of other species Rep 2 had very good Palmer control

5 Weed Control in Row Rice Yields not great Similar for both reps PRE fb Ricebeaux + Facet MPOST best treatment PRE fb EPOST and PRE fb EPOST fb MPOST similar to untreated Too early? Too Much?

6 Weed Control in Row Rice What's next More diverse treatment list Inclusion of new products Loyant, RiceOne, Gambit Haven t had enough product Removal of poor performance treatments Less than 90% control not acceptable

7 Weed Control in Row Rice New treatment list Treatment # Herbicide Rate Timing Treatment # Herbicide Rate Timing Command 3ME 13 fl.oz./ac. PRE Command 3ME 13 fl.oz./ac. PRE Stam M4 3 qt./ac. EPOST Stam M4 3 qt./ac. EPOST 7 Facet L 43 fl.oz./ac EPOST Facet L 32 fl.oz/ac. EPOST Stam M4 3 qt./ac. MPOST Prowl H2O 32 fl.oz/ac. EPOST Prowl H2O 32 fl.oz/ac. MPOST Command 3ME 13 fl.oz./ac. PRE Command 3ME 13 fl.oz./ac. PRE Stam M4 3 qt./ac. EPOST Sharpen 3 fl.oz./ac PRE 8 Facet L 32 fl.oz/ac. EPOST Ricebeaux 3 qt./ac. MPOST Prowl H2O 32 fl.oz/ac. EPOST Facet L 32 fl.oz/ac. MPOST Sharpen 1 fl.oz./ac MPOST Command 3ME 13 fl.oz./ac. PRE Command 3ME 13 fl.oz./ac. PRE Sharpen 3 fl.oz./ac PRE Stam M4 3 qt./ac. EPOST Loyant 16 fl.oz./ac MPOST Facet L 32 fl.oz/ac. EPOST 9 Command 3ME 13 fl.oz./ac. PRE Prowl H2O 32 fl.oz/ac. EPOST Sharpen 2 fl.oz./ac PRE Sharpen 1 fl.oz./ac MPOST Loyant 16 fl.oz./ac MPOST Sharpen 1 fl.oz./ac LPOST Command 3ME 13 fl.oz./ac. PRE Command 3ME 13 fl.oz./ac. PRE Sharpen 3 fl.oz./ac PRE Loyant 16 fl.oz./ac EPOST 10 Loyant 16 fl.oz./ac EPOST Grasp SC 2 fl.oz./ac EPOST Loyant 16 fl.oz./ac MPOST Loyant 16 fl.oz./ac LPOST Command 3ME 13 fl.oz./ac. PRE Command 3ME 13 fl.oz./ac. PRE Sharpen 2 fl.oz./ac PRE 11 Grasp Xtra 18 fl.oz./ac/ EPOST Loyant 16 fl.oz./ac EPOST Grandstand R 16 fl.oz./ac LPOST Loyant 16 fl.oz./ac MPOST 12 Command 3ME 13 fl.oz./ac. PRE PRE EPOST MPOST LPOST

8 Weed Control in Row Rice-2018 Variability in Palmer control 7 days after EPOST treatments 84 to 96% control Similar just prior to MPOST timing (23 DAT) >80% control in all plots with treatment averages greater than 89% for all treatments (10 DAT) Control improved for the remainder of evaluations 18, 30, 44 DAT MPOST >95% control Some treatments included a LPOST application

9 Weed Control in Row Rice June 29 August 14

10 Weed Control in Row Rice Treatment 12 Command PRE Treatment 7 Stam + Facet + Prowl EPOST Treatment 10 Loyant + Grasp EPOST Loyant LPOST

11 Weed Control in Row Rice Control of Signalgrass, morningglory, nutsedge and ammannia good to great Until August Bare spots Between plots Invading into plots

12 Weed Control in Row Rice June 29 August 14

13 Weed Control in Row Rice Treatment average yields ranged from bu/ac to bu/ac Individual plot yield range: bu/ac Treatment 8 lowest variability (132.7, 142.1, 130.9) Treatment 1 highest variability (132.7, 128.4, 184.6)

14 Dicamba effects on rice Application of Engenia at 12.8, 6.4 and 1.28 fl.oz./ac Applied with 15 gpa carrier Applied at planting, 3-4 leaf rice, Post-flood, PI, PI+14 days, Boot, flowering Hybrid and Conventional rice

15 Dicamba effects on rice Evaluated visual injury 14 DAT Nothing noted up to boot stage Drooping flag leaf and upright panicles Hybrid vs. Conventional

16 Dicamba effects on rice Later applications resulted in generally lower yields Boot and Flowering both show trend clearly Poor yields overall including checks Empty hulls attached to panicles following threshing

17 Dicamba effects on rice Yield Conventional

18 Dicamba effects on rice Yield Hybrid

19 Dicamba effects on rice - Milled Milled only samples from plots with visual injury

20 Dicamba effects on rice - Milled

21 Dicamba effects on rice - Milled

22 Dicamba effects on rice - Polish

23 Dicamba effects on rice Polish Hybrid

24 Dicamba effects on rice - Germination Some differences but a lot of noise Conventional germination higher than corresponding hybrid for all timings and dicamba rates

25 Dicamba effects on rice - Germination Some differences but a lot of noise Conventional germination higher than corresponding hybrid for all timings and dicamba rates

26 Dicamba effects on rice - Germination Some differences but a lot of noise Conventional germination higher than corresponding hybrid for all timings and dicamba rates

27 Dicamba effects on rice - Germination Yield vs. post harvest germination tests Yield to to to to to to to to to to Germination to to to to to to to to to 196.2

28 What is Loyant supposed to do Broad Spectrum control or suppression Grasses Signalgrass, barnyard, panicum Suppression of sprangletops No crabgrass activity Sedges Yes (even ALS resistant biotypes) Aquatics Great on what we commonly have Broadleaves Fair on smartweed, excellent on others

29 How do we utilize it? While very broad spectrum Utilize Clincher or Ricestar for resistance management Better sprangletop control EPOST needs a residual Resistance management Delays in flood establishment Untreated Loyant 10 DAT Londax 10 DAT

30 Loyant issues Poor performance on grasses Drift to cotton and soybeans Injury to rice Other issues Discussion Photo:Texas Agrilife

31 Loyant issues Poor performance on grasses Very dry at application Little to no growth occurring No control

32 Loyant issues

33 Loyant issues

34 Loyant issues

35 Loyant issues Injury to rice Stunting Photo: Univ. of Arkansas Buggy whipping and onion leafing Photo: Univ. of Arkansas Bunched Leaves in stem Photo: Univ. of Arkansas Appear ~ 3 wks after application Thin stand soil or environmental stress Facet tank mixes Doubled up areas Hybrids>medium grain>long grain Remove/reduce flood if severe

36 Loyant Issues What did you see? Lets talk it out

37 Auxin update for 2019 Only Certified applicators may apply Cannot work under the umbrella of a certified applicator Private or Commercial? Cutoff date based on planting date Burndown - mid-august Dicamba Rules

38 Auxin update for 2019 Cotton OTT reduced from 4 to 2 Soybeans 2 OTT Apply from Sunrise+1 hr. to sunset-2hrs. Endangered species county restrictions 110 downwind 57 all other field sides

39 Auxin update for 2019 Determine training period for ???? Ensure consistent program for all labeled products Improved cleanout instructions Impact of low ph on potential volatility Registration expires 12/20/2020 New label available 12/20/18????

40 Auxin update for 2019 Will states require more than federal label? Probably, but not sure what Are we following the rules Or just not getting caught Non-ag community taking notice Will it matter? Enough inspectors/investigators available/trained?

41 Jim Heiser Weed Science Project MU Fisher Delta Research Center 147 W State Hwy T PO Box 160 Portageville, MO O: (573) C: (573) heiserj@missouri.edu