Sankaran Ramakrishnan, and Adam Simpson. Department of Mechanical Engineering
|
|
|
- Anne Greer
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Understanding: di The Path to High- Efficiency Chemical Engines Chris F. Edwards Kwee Yan Teh, Shannon Miller, Matthew Svrcek, Sankaran Ramakrishnan, and Adam Simpson Advanced d Energy Systems Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering Stanford University
2 40% 34% >74% of U.S. CO 2 is emitted by engines.
3 Engines All engines have three essential features: they produce work (by definition) they require a resource (1 st Law) they reject energy to surroundings (2 nd Law) Energy Resource Engine Rejected Energy (surroundings) Work
4 Efficiency Limits Only four ways to transfer energy: work (entropy free) heat (energy transfer due to ΔT ) matter (internal and external) External: Internal: K.E., gravitational P.E., electrostatic P.E. thermal, chemical, nuclear radiation (not considered d here) It is the combination of energy resource and surroundings that determines the ultimate efficiency i limitation it ti of an engine (exergy).
5 Classifying Engines by Energy Resource Space Surface Water Lithosphere Atmosphere Geothermal Sun High K.E. Moon Anthrosphere Biosphere Accumulated Resources Hydrosphere Radiation Engines (e.g., PV) Kinetic Engines (e.g., Wind) Heat Engines (e.g., Geo) Gravity Engines (e.g., Hydro) Nuclear Engines (e.g., BWR) Chemical Engines (e.g., ICE)
6 Chemical Exergy of Some Fuels Fuel Chemical Chem. Exergy ΔH Reaction* ΔG Reaction* ΔS Reaction* Exergy Species+ Formula MJ per fuel MJ per fuel MJ per fuel kj/k per fuel to LHV kmol kg kmol kg kmol kg kmol kg Ratio Methane CH Methanol CH3OH Carbon Monoxide CO Acetylene C2H Ethylene C2H Ethane C2H Ethanol C2H5OH Propylene C3H Propane C3H Butadiene C4H i-butene C4H i-butane C4H n-butane C4H n-pentane C5H i-pentane C5H Benzene C6H n-heptane C7H i-octane C8H n-octane C8H Jet-A C12H Hydrogen H All species taken as ideal gases. Environment taken as: 25 C, 1 bar, 363 ppm CO 2, 2% H 2 O, 20.48% O 2, balance N 2. *Reaction with stoichiometric air at 25 C, 1 bar. All products present as ideal gases, including water. Fuel Conversion Efficiency potential (maximum first-law Fuel Conversion Efficiency potential (maximum first-law efficiency based on LHV) of most fuels is ~100%.
7 Conversion Efficiency of Engines First-Law Efficiency (%) Savery, Newcomen (<0.5%) 50% Time (Years A.D.) Watt/Boulton Steam Engines Post-Watt Steam Engines Lenoir, Hugon Coal-Gas Engines Otto/Langen Coal-Gas Engines Atkinson, Tangye Coal-Gas Engines Banki Spirits Engine Priestman's Oil Engine Diesel's Oil Engines Automotive SI Engines Truck Diesel Engines Large Bore DI Diesels Steam Turbines Gas Turbine/Steam Turbine Polymer Electrolyte Membrane FC Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells SOFC/Gas Turbine Aft th t i f d l t bi d l After three centuries of development, combined-cycle efficiency just exceeds 50%, simple-cycle remains below.
8 Classification & Architecture Classification: Chemical Engines (1) Restrained Reaction Unrestrained Reaction (2) Electrical Work (e.g., SOFC) Mechanical Work (e.g., None) Electrical Work (e.g., MHD) Mechanical Work (e.g., GT) (3) Architecture: the set of components & connections, and the corresponding set of thermodynamic idealizations ations & device limitations that constitute a particular engine.
9 Two Approaches to Reaction Unrestrained Reactants are initially internally restrained, i.e., frozen in chemical non-equilibrium (e.g. combustion, fuel reforming). Internal restraint is released, allowing reaction to proceed. Reaction stops when equilibrium is achieved or kinetics are so slow as to be negligible (frozen again). Inherently irreversible. Restrained Reactants are initially externally restrained, i.e., in chemical equilibrium (e.g. electrochemistry, solution chemistry). External restraints are changed, allowing reaction to proceed. Never stops; always dynamically balanced. Reversible only in the limit of infinitesimal rate and constrained chemical pathway (chemical reversibility).
10 Restrained vs. Unrestrained Restrained (SOFC) Unrestrained (DI Diesel*) Efficiency declines with load Irreversibility reduced via facile kinetics (reaction and transport) Efficiency improves with load Irreversibility reduced by reaction at extreme states * After Primus, et al. Proceedings of International Symposium on Diagnostics and Modeling of Combustion in Reciprocating Engines, (1985) p
11 Work Extraction During Combustion o Otto Cycle Processes Detailed Chemical Kinetics Slider-Crank Piston Profile 2nd Law All complete rxn solutions resulted in increased irreversibility! Conclusions invariant with changes in fuel (methane, methanol, propane), rate, piston profile, etc.
12 Optimal Control Problems
13 Optimal Piston Motion Linear system wrt control input q bang-bang g control S gen is minimized when reactions occur at V min The key is to manage the location of the u-v attractor Strategy has no explicit dependence on kinetics (Pontryagin Max. Principle)
14 Work Extraction During Combustion o Otto Cycle Processes Detailed Chemical Kinetics Slider-Crank Piston Profile u-v attractor states 2nd Law The key to reducing irreversibility in unrestrained reaction (combustion) is to drive the reactants to the highest u state.
15 Entropy Generation via Reaction Stoichiometric propane/air mixture modeled as ideal gases. Includes the effects of variable specific heats, reaction, & dissociation. Four ways to transfer energy
16 Efficiency Achievable with Simple- Cycle Extreme Compression First-La aw Effic ciency (% %) CI SI 20 First Law (per LHV) 70-80% First Law Fuel Exergy/LHV Compression Ratio Stoichiometric propane/air
17 Extreme-Compression Post-Combustion Conditions 3300K! 1000 bar! Must be fast! Must be balanced! Stoichiometric propane/air mixture modeled as ideal gases. Includes the effects of variable specific heats, reaction, & dissociation.
18 Extreme Compression Concept High compression ratio, ~100:1 Multiple pistons s (balanced a forces, ~unity aspect ratio) High speeds, M~0.3 (reduced time for heat transfer) -air at 300 K, speed of sound ~ 350 m/s 100 m/s - for reference: 3000 RPM and 90 mm stroke 9 m/s
19 Free-Piston Engines Example: Junkers Compressor M. Nakahara and H. Kohama, Junkers High Pressure Air Compressor-A Case of Technology Transfer through the Imperial Japanese Navy, in The 1st international conference on business and technology transfer, 2004.
20 Van Blarigan/Aichlmayr Linear Alternator Concept
21 Experimental e Apparatus atus
22 27 Operating Space
23 Air Data 500 CR = 99 Isentrope Pressure e (bar) Compression 100 Expansion Volume (V/V 0 )
24 Total Losses Over an Air Cycle Losses consist of heat and mass transfer (~50:50). Percentage work lost per LHV Percentage isentropic pressure achieved (%) W net /LHV P ak /P isentrop pic (%) pea bar Compression Ratio Compression Ratio 29
25 Combustion Data at CR = 70 e (bar) 10 2 Air-only Combustion Isentrope ressur P φ = Volume (V/V 0 )
26 Combustion Visualization CR = 30:1 CR = 100:1 1 ms injection duration, finishing at TDC
27 First-Law Efficiency: Initial Results First law (per LHV), φ = % first law Combustion data Eff ficiency (%) Compression Ratio
28 First-Law Efficiency: Initial Results Eff ficiency (%) First law (per LHV), φ = % first law Combustion data Theoretical efficiency i with air losses Losses in air experiments Additional losses due to combustion Compression Ratio
29 First-Law Efficiency: Initial Results Eff ficiency (%) First law (per LHV), φ = % first law Combustion data Theoretical efficiency with air losses Low blowby Confident we can demonstrate 60% indicated Speculate 70% is achievable regeneratively Losses in air experiments 53%, 20 C walls Additional losses due to combustion Compression Ratio
30 Simple-Cycle Steady Flow What is the optimal action to be taken (transfer or p ( transformation) at each step in order to minimize S gen?
31 Challenges w/steady Flow Irreversibility Chemical reaction Reactant t mixing i Rejection of non-equilibrium exhaust Polytropic compression and expansion (Friction, viscous dissipation) Material Limitations Temperature limit Pressure limit
32 Polytropic work a a' b b' c' Equilibrium Attractor Trajectory h-h i (MJ J/kg mix ) Reversible Work Cycle i P i Net Work Out c Irreversible Work Cycle f ' -0.8 f Premixed Reactants, GRI 3.0 Polytropic efficiency s-s i (kj/kg mix K) i mix P i
33 Optimal Pressure Ratio Entropy Generatio on (kj/kg K) mix Nonpremixed reactants Polytropic efficiency Combustion Fluid Friction Total Pressure Ratio P*
34 Effect of Polytropic Efficiency Pr ressure Li imit P * (b bar) Nonpremixed reactants Polytropic Efficiency η In the absence of material limitations, the pressure ratio of today s engines is well below optimum. Maxim mum Temp perature T max (K)
35 Temperature Limit h-h i (M MJ/kg mix ) i Temperature Limit : 1650K c Brayton (18.5:1) CT (40:1) CT(160:1) Attractor (160:1) Attractor (40:1) Decreasing f S gen Increasing work-output Nonpremixed reactants Polytropic efficiency s-s i (kj/kg mix K) A temperature-limited, extreme-state cycle gives the optimal simple-cycle GT architecture.
36 T-Limited Simple-Cycle GT
37 Next: Regeneration Work, Heat, and Matter with Closure Constraints t and Environmental Interactions ti What is the optimal action to be taken (transfer or transformation) at each step in order to minimize S gen?
38 Thermodynamic State-SpaceSpace Natural Gas Air, Equivalence Ratio 0.5
39 Take-Home Messages (1 of 2) Despite three centuries of effort, engine efficiency i remains well below theoretical limits (resource exergy) often by more than a factor of two. Misconceptions about what ultimately limits engine efficiency (e.g., Carnot) are sometimes to blame. Working in the space between the exergy limit and real engines, we have found the ideas of classification and architecture to be useful. Our approach is to use the principles i of optimal control to identify the most efficient architecture for any given set of allowable devices, resources, and environment. For chemical engines, a key to understanding is whether the architecture uses restrained or unrestrained reaction.
40 Take-Home Messages (2 of 2) Irreversibility in restrained reaction engines can be reduced d by improving kinetics. To date, the only examples of restrained reaction engines are electrochemical (i.e., fuel cells). Irreversibility in unrestrained reaction engines can be reduced by reaction at states of high energy density (extreme-states principle). For simple-cycle engines, we believe that architectures capable of delivering 60% first-law efficiency are possible. For regenerative engines, we believe a systematic approach to identifying optimal architectures can be developed. We speculate that such engines are capable of 70% first-law efficiency. For combined-cycle engines, we speculate that a systematic approach is again possible and can lead to the development of engines with first-law efficiencies i i in excess of 80%.
Realizing Ultra-High-Efficiency Engines:
Realizing Ultra-High-Efficiency Engines: Understanding Limits and Overcoming Limitations Chris F. Edwards Sankaran Ramakrishnan, Matthew Svrcek, Greg Roberts, J.R. Heberle, Paul Mobley, Adelaide Calbry-Muzyka,
Understanding the Path to High- Efficiency Chemical Engines
Understanding the Path to High- Efficiency Chemical Engines Chris F. Edwards Kwee Yan Teh, Shannon Miller, Matthew Svrcek, Sankaran Ramakrishnan, and Adam Simpson Advanced Energy Systems Laboratory Department
Development of Low-Exergy-Loss, High-Efficiency Chemical Engines
Development of Low-Exergy-Loss, High-Efficiency Chemical Engines Investigators C. F., Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering; Kwee-Yan Teh, Shannon L. Miller, Graduate Researchers Introduction The
Ultra-High-Efficiency Engines: Integration, Optimization, Realization
Ultra-High-Efficiency Engines: Integration, Optimization, Realization Chris F. Edwards Greg Roberts, BJ Johnson, Rebecca Pass, Adelaide Calbry-Muzyka, Julie Blumreiter, Mark Donohue, Carol Regalbuto, John
Power Cycles. Ideal Cycles, Internal Combustion
Gas Power Cycles Power Cycles Ideal Cycles, Internal Combustion Otto cycle, spark ignition Diesel cycle, compression ignition Sterling & Ericsson cycles Brayton cycles Jet-propulsion cycle Ideal Cycles,
Investigators: C. F. Edwards, Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department; M.N. Svreck, K.-Y. Teh, Graduate Researchers
Development of Low-Irreversibility Engines Investigators: C. F. Edwards, Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department; M.N. Svreck, K.-Y. Teh, Graduate Researchers This project aims to implement
Development of Low-Exergy-Loss, High-Efficiency Chemical Engines
Development of Low-Exergy-Loss, High-Efficiency Chemical Engines Investigators Chris F. Edwards, Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering; Shannon L. Miller, Matthew N. Svrcek, Sankaran Ramakrishnan,
MEB THERMAL ENGINEERING - I QUESTION BANK UNIT-I PART-A
MEB 420 - THERMAL ENGINEERING - I QUESTION BANK UNIT-I Each question carries 1 mark. PART-A 1. Define temperature. 2. Define intensive property 3. Explain the term absolute zero of temperature 4. State
L34: Internal Combustion Engine Cycles: Otto, Diesel, and Dual or Gas Power Cycles Introduction to Gas Cycles Definitions
Page L: Internal Combustion Engine Cycles: Otto, Diesel, and Dual or Gas Power Cycles Review of Carnot Power Cycle (gas version) Air-Standard Cycles Internal Combustion (IC) Engines - Otto and Diesel Cycles
Chapter 8 Production of Power from Heat
Chapter 8 Production of Power from Heat Different sources of power, such as solar energy (from sun), kinetic energy from atmospheric winds and potential energy from tides. The most important source of
Fuels, Combustion and Environmental Considerations in Industrial Gas Turbines - Introduction and Overview
Brian M Igoe & Michael J Welch Fuels, Combustion and Environmental Considerations in Industrial Gas Turbines - Introduction and Overview Restricted Siemens AG 20XX All rights reserved. siemens.com/answers
Combustion Systems What we might have learned
Combustion Systems What we might have learned IMechE ADSC, 6 December 2012 Chris Whelan Contents Engines Big & Small Carnot, Otto & Diesel Thermodynamic Cycles Combustion Process & Systems Diesel & Otto
Combustion engines. Combustion
Combustion engines Chemical energy in fuel converted to thermal energy by combustion or oxidation Heat engine converts chemical energy into mechanical energy Thermal energy raises temperature and pressure
Process 1-2: Reversible adiabatic compression process. Process 2-3: Reversible isothermal heat addition
Vapor Power Cycles Process 1-2: Reversible adiabatic compression process from P1 to P2. Process 2-3: Reversible isothermal heat addition process at constant temperature TH. Process 3-4: Reversible adiabatic
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS TWO MARKS QUESTION AND ANSWER
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME 6301- ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS TWO MARKS QUESTION AND ANSWER 1. Define the term thermal engineering. Ans: Thermal engineering is the science that deals with the
Introduction to I.C Engines CH. 1. Prepared by: Dr. Assim Adaraje
Introduction to I.C Engines CH. 1 Prepared by: Dr. Assim Adaraje 1 An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a heat engine where the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion
Chapter 9 GAS POWER CYCLES
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach Seventh Edition in SI Units Yunus A. Cengel, Michael A. Boles McGraw-Hill, 2011 Chapter 9 GAS POWER CYCLES Mehmet Kanoglu University of Gaziantep Copyright The McGraw-Hill
(a) then mean effective pressure and the indicated power for each end ; (b) the total indicated power : [16]
![(a) then mean effective pressure and the indicated power for each end ; (b) the total indicated power : [16]](/thumbs/79/80273804.jpg "(a) then mean effective pressure and the indicated power for each end ; (b) the total indicated power : [16]")
Code No: R05220304 Set No. 1 II B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2007 THERMAL ENGINEERING-I ( Common to Mechanical Engineering and Automobile Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer
Chapter 9 GAS POWER CYCLES
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, 6 th Edition Yunus A. Cengel, Michael A. Boles McGraw-Hill, 2008 Chapter 9 GAS POWER CYCLES Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction
Modeling and Optimization of Trajectory-based HCCI Combustion
018 CCEFP IEC Summit at the University of Minnesota Modeling and Optimization of Trajectory-based HCCI Combustion 018 CSSCI Spring Technical Meeting Chen Zhang Abhinav Tripathi Professor Zongxuan Sun Department
Unit WorkBook 4 Level 4 ENG U13 Fundamentals of Thermodynamics and Heat Engines UniCourse Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Sample
Pearson BTEC Levels 4 Higher Nationals in Engineering (RQF) Unit 13: Fundamentals of Thermodynamics and Heat Engines Unit Workbook 4 in a series of 4 for this unit Learning Outcome 4 Internal Combustion
Week 10. Gas Power Cycles. ME 300 Thermodynamics II 1
Week 10 Gas Power Cycles ME 300 Thermodynamics II 1 Today s Outline Gas power cycles Internal combustion engines Four-stroke cycle Thermodynamic cycles Ideal cycle ME 300 Thermodynamics II 2 Gas Power
Combustion Testing and Analysis of an Extreme States Approach to Low-Irreversibility Engines Final Report
Combustion Testing and Analysis of an Extreme States Approach to Low-Irreversibility Engines Final Report Investigators Chris F. Edwards, Professor, Mechanical Engineering; Matthew N. Svrcek, Greg Roberts,
Hours / 100 Marks Seat No.
17529 14115 3 Hours / 100 Seat No. Instructions (1) All Questions are Compulsory. (2) Answer each next main Question on a new page. (3) Illustrate your answers with neat sketches wherever necessary. (4)
8.21 The Physics of Energy Fall 2009
MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 8.21 The Physics of Energy Fall 2009 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. 8.21 Lecture 11 Internal Combustion
SIDDHARTH INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY :: PUTTUR (AUTONOMOUS) QUESTION BANK UNIT I I.C ENGINES
SIDDHARTH INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY :: PUTTUR UNIT I I.C ENGINES 1 (a) Explain any six types of classification of Internal Combustion engines. (6M) (b) With a neat sketch explain any three
Free-CHP: Free-Piston Reciprocating Joule Cycle Engine
PRO-TEM Special Session on Power Generation and Polygeneration Systems Free-CHP: Free-Piston Reciprocating Joule Cycle Engine Rikard Mikalsen, Tony Roskilly Newcastle University, UK Background: micro-chp
Thermodynamics cycles can be classified into different categories depending on fluid used or the different processes:
Classification of thermodynamics cycles Thermodynamics cycles can be classified into different categories depending on fluid used or the different processes: Gas and vapor cycles - Gas cycle: the working
Heat engine. Heat engine
Heat engine Device that transforms heat into work. It requires two energy reservoirs at different temperatures An energy reservoir is a part of the environment so large wrt the system that its temperature
Internal Combustion Engine
Internal Combustion Engine 1. A 9-cylinder, 4-stroke cycle, radial SI engine operates at 900rpm. Calculate: (1) How often ignition occurs, in degrees of engine rev. (2) How many power strokes per rev.
Simple Finite Heat Release Model (SI Engine)
Simple Finite Heat Release Model (SI Engine) Introduction In the following, a finite burn duration is taken into account, in which combustion occurs at θ soc (Start Of Combustion), and continues until
Kul Internal Combustion Engine Technology. Definition & Classification, Characteristics 2015 Basshuysen 1,2,3,4,5
Kul-14.4100 Internal Combustion Engine Technology Definition & Classification, Characteristics 2015 Basshuysen 1,2,3,4,5 Definitions Combustion engines convert the chemical energy of fuel to mechanical
Idealizations Help Manage Analysis of Complex Processes
8 CHAPTER Gas Power Cycles 8-1 Idealizations Help Manage Analysis of Complex Processes The analysis of many complex processes can be reduced to a manageable level by utilizing some idealizations (fig.
Thermodynamic Cycles. Alicia Ma. Esponda Cascajares
Thermodynamic Cycles Alicia Ma. Esponda Cascajares Power Cycles Cycles which convert a heat input into a mechanical work output. Power cycles can be divided according to the type of heat engine they seek
ME2301 THERMAL ENGINEERING L T P C OBJECTIVE:
ME2301 THERMAL ENGINEERING L T P C 3 1 0 4 OBJECTIVE: To integrate the concepts, laws and methodologies from the first course in thermo dynamics into analysis of cyclic processes To apply the thermodynamic
Internal Combustion Engines
Internal Combustion Engines Reading Problems 8-3 8-7 8-35, 8-45, 8-52 Definitions 1. spark ignition: a mixture of fuel and air is ignited by a spark plug applications requiring power to about 225 kw (300
In this lecture... Gas power cycles
7 Lect-7 Gas power cycles In this lecture... he Carnot cycle and its significance Air-standard assumptions An oeriew of reciprocating engines Otto cycle: the ideal cycle for sparkignition engines Diesel
AT AUTOMOTIVE ENGINES QUESTION BANK
AT6301 - AUTOMOTIVE ENGINES QUESTION BANK UNIT I: CONSTRUCTION & WORKING PRINCIPLE OF IC ENGINES 1. State the application of CI engines? 2. What is Cubic capacity of an engine? 3. What is the purpose of
Class Notes on Thermal Energy Conversion System
Class Notes on Thermal Energy Conversion System For the students of Civil & Rural 3 rd semester Ramesh Khanal Assistant Professorr Nepal Engineering College Bhaktapur, Nepal 2015 Course Structure MEC 209.3:
2013 THERMAL ENGINEERING-I
SET - 1 II B. Tech II Semester, Regular Examinations, April/May 2013 THERMAL ENGINEERING-I (Com. to ME, AME) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry Equal Marks ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
DARS FUEL MODEL DEVELOPMENT
DARS FUEL MODEL DEVELOPMENT DARS Products (names valid since October 2012) DARS 0D & 1D tools Old name: DARS Basic DARS Reactive Flow Models tools for 3D/ CFD calculations DARS Fuel New! Advanced fuel
CHAPTER I GAS POWER CYCLES
CHAPTER I GAS POWER CYCLES 1.1 AIR STANDARD CYCLES Air standard cycles are used for comparison of thermal efficiencies of I.C engines. Engines working with air standard cycles are known as air standard
Crankcase scavenging.
Software for engine simulation and optimization www.diesel-rk.bmstu.ru The full cycle thermodynamic engine simulation software DIESEL-RK is designed for simulating and optimizing working processes of two-
Effect of Fuel, Compression ratios on Energetic and Exergetic efficiency of Spark Ignition (SI) Engine
, July 4-6, 12, London, U.K. Effect of Fuel, s on Energetic and Exergetic efficiency of Spark Ignition (SI) Engine Munawar Nawab Karimi *, Sandeep Kumar Kamboj Abstract - In this study, the effect of the
Noble Group of Institutions, Junagadh. Faculty of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering
Semester:1 st Subject: Elements of Mechanical Engineering (2110006) Faculty: Mr. Ishan Bhatt Year: 2017-18 Class: Comp. & IT Ele TUTORIAL 1 INTRODUCTION Q.1 Define: Force, Work, Pressure, Energy, Heat
Effect of Reformer Gas on HCCI Combustion- Part II: Low Octane Fuels
Effect of Reformer Gas on HCCI Combustion- Part II: Low Octane Fuels Vahid Hosseini, and M David Checkel Mechanical Engineering University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada project supported by Auto21 National
Gas Power System. By Ertanto Vetra
Gas Power System 1 By Ertanto Vetra Outlines Introduction Internal Combustion Engines Otto Cycles Diesel Cycles Gas Turbine Cycles Gas Turbine Based Combined Cycles Gas Turbines for Aircrafts Turbojets
UNIT 1 GAS POWER CYCLES
THERMAL ENGINEERING UNIT 1 GAS POWER CYCLES Air Standard Cycles - Otto, Diesel, Dual, Brayton cycle with intercooling, reheating and regeneration- Calculation of airstandard efficiency and mean effective
Gas Power Cycles. Tarawneh
Gas Power Cycles Dr.Mohammad Tarawneh ) Carnot cycle 2) Otto cycle ) Diesel cycle - Today 4) Dual Cycle 5) Stirling cycle 6) Ericsson cycles 7) Brayton cycle Carnot Cycle Reversible isothermal expansion
GYANMANJARI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (GMIT) SUBJECT: ELEMENTS OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Assignment Ch 1
1. 3. GYANMANJARI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (GMIT) Assignment Ch 1 A steel ball having mass of 10 kg and a specific heat of 460 J/kg K is heated from 50 o C to 200 o C. Determine the heat required. In a
Development of a Non-Catalytic JP-8 Reformer
2018 NDIA GROUND VEHICLE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUM POWER & MOBILITY (P&M) TECHNICAL SESSION AUGUST 7-9, 2018 - NOVI, MICHIGAN Development of a Non-Catalytic JP-8 Reformer Chien-Hua Chen,
USO4CICV01/US04CICH02:
Natubhai V. Patel College of Pure & Applied Sciences S. Y. B.Sc. Semester-4 Industrial chemistry/ IC (Vocational) USO4CICV0/US04CICH02: Chemical Plant Utilities UNIT 5 Internal combustion engine In an
Dual Fuel Engine Charge Motion & Combustion Study
Dual Fuel Engine Charge Motion & Combustion Study STAR-Global-Conference March 06-08, 2017 Berlin Kamlesh Ghael, Prof. Dr. Sebastian Kaiser (IVG-RF), M. Sc. Felix Rosenthal (IFKM-KIT) Introduction: Operation
VALVE TIMING DIAGRAM FOR SI ENGINE VALVE TIMING DIAGRAM FOR CI ENGINE
VALVE TIMING DIAGRAM FOR SI ENGINE VALVE TIMING DIAGRAM FOR CI ENGINE Page 1 of 13 EFFECT OF VALVE TIMING DIAGRAM ON VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY: Qu. 1:Why Inlet valve is closed after the Bottom Dead Centre
Designing Efficient Engines: Strategies Based on Thermodynamics
Designing Efficient Engines: Strategies Based on Thermodynamics Jerald A. Caton Texas A&M University College Station, TX for CRC Advanced Fuel & Engine Workshop Hyatt Regency Baltimore Inner Harbor Baltimore,
Engine Cycles. T Alrayyes
Engine Cycles T Alrayyes Introduction The cycle experienced in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine is very complex. The cycle in SI and diesel engine were discussed in detail in the previous
EEN-E2002 Internal Combustion Definitions and Characteristics, lecture 3. January 2017, Martti Larmi
EEN-E2002 Internal Combustion Definitions and Characteristics, lecture 3 January 2017, Martti Larmi Textbooks on Internal Combustion Internal combustion engine handbook : basics, components, systems, and
A Second Law Perspective on Critical IC Research for High Efficiency Low Emissions Gasoline Engines
A Second Law Perspective on Critical IC Research for High Efficiency Low Emissions Gasoline Engines University of Wisconsin Symposium on Low Emission Technologies for IC Engines June 8-9 25 J.T. Farrell,
SET - 1 II B. Tech II Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations, April/May-2017 THERMAL ENGINEERING-I (Mechanical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70 Note: 1. Question Paper consists of two parts
THERMAL ENGINEERING. SHIBIN MOHAMED Asst. Professor Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Al Ameen Engineering College.
THERMAL ENGINEERING SHIBIN MOHAMED Asst. Professor Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Al Ameen Engineering College Al- Ameen Engg. College 1 Steam Engine: Definition A steam engine is a heat engine that converts
Promising Alternative Fuels for Improving Emissions from Future Vehicles
Promising Alternative Fuels for Improving Emissions from Future Vehicles Research Seminar: CTS Environment and Energy in Transportation Council Will Northrop 12/17/2014 Outline 1. Alternative Fuels Overview
Internal Combustion Engine. Prepared by- Md Ferdous Alam Lecturer, MEE, SUST
Internal Combustion Engine Prepared by- Md Ferdous Alam Lecturer, MEE, SUST What is an Engine? -a machine designed to convert one form of energy into mechanical energy Two types of engines : 1. Internal
Operating Characteristics
Chapter 2 Operating Characteristics 2-1 Engine Parameters 2-22 Work 2-3 Mean Effective Pressure 2-4 Torque and Power 2-5 Dynamometers 2-6 Air-Fuel Ratio and Fuel-Air Ratio 2-7 Specific Fuel Consumption
Assignment-1 Air Standard Cycles
Assignment-1 Air Standard Cycles 1. What do u mean by air standard cycle? List assumptions for air standard cycle & give reasons why air standard cycle differs from actual cycle. 2. Derive an equation
density ratio of 1.5.
Problem 1: An 8cyl 426 ci Hemi motor makes 426 HP at 5500 rpm on a compression ratio of 10.5:1. It is over square by 10% meaning that it s stroke is 10% less than it s bore. It s volumetric efficiency
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE (SKMM 4413)
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE (SKMM 4413) Dr. Mohd Farid bin Muhamad Said Room : Block P21, Level 1, Automotive Development Centre (ADC) Tel : 07-5535449 Email: mfarid@fkm.utm.my HISTORY OF ICE History of
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition combustion and fuel composition
Loughborough University Institutional Repository Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition combustion and fuel composition This item was submitted to Loughborough University's Institutional Repository by
Comparative Study Of Four Stroke Diesel And Petrol Engine.
Comparative Study Of Four Stroke Diesel And Petrol Engine. Aim: To study the construction and working of 4- stroke petrol / diesel engine. Theory: A machine or device which derives heat from the combustion
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF HYDROGEN BLENDING ON THE CONCENTRATION OF POLLUTANTS EMITTED FROM A FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINE
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF HYDROGEN BLENDING ON THE CONCENTRATION OF POLLUTANTS EMITTED FROM A FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINE Haroun A. K. Shahad hakshahad@yahoo.com Department of mechanical
Fundamental Kinetics Database Utilizing Shock Tube Measurements
Fundamental Kinetics Database Utilizing Shock Tube Measurements Volume 1: Ignition Delay Time Measurements D. F. Davidson and R. K. Hanson Mechanical Engineering Department Stanford University, Stanford
3D CFD Modeling of Gas Exchange Processes in a Small HCCI Free Piston Engine
3D CFD Modeling of Gas Exchange Processes in a Small HCCI Free Piston Engine Aimilios Sofianopoulos, Benjamin Lawler, Sotirios Mamalis Department of Mechanical Engineering Stony Brook University Email:
Chapter 9. Two important areas of application for thermodynamics GAS POWER CYCLES. Objectives
Chapter 9 GAS POWER CYCLES Two important areas of application for thermodynamics are power generation and refrigeration. Both are usually accomplished by systems that operate on a thermodynamic cycle.
(v) Cylinder volume It is the volume of a gas inside the cylinder when the piston is at Bottom Dead Centre (B.D.C) and is denoted by V.
UNIT II GAS POWER CYCLES AIR STANDARD CYCLES Air standard cycles are used for comparison of thermal efficiencies of I.C engines. Engines working with air standard cycles are known as air standard engines.
Advanced Internal Combustion Engine
Advanced Internal Combustion Engine Anshuman Chachan K.V.Durga Prasad Mechanical Engineering Mahaveer Institute Of Science & Technology Hyderabad. Abstract In this manuscript, research on hydrogen internal
Vol-3 Issue India 2 Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Dept., Hansaba College of Engineering & Technology, Gujarat, India
Review Paper on Effect of Variable Thermal Properties of Working Fluid on Performance of an IC Engine Cycle Desai Rahulkumar Mohanbhai 1, Kiran D. Parmar 2 1 P. G. Student, Mechanical Engineering Dept.,
UNIT 2 POWER PLANTS 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.2 CLASSIFICATION OF IC ENGINES. Objectives. Structure. 2.1 Introduction
UNIT 2 POWER PLANTS Power Plants Structure 2.1 Introduction Objectives 2.2 Classification of IC Engines 2.3 Four Stroke Engines versus Two Stroke Engines 2.4 Working of Four Stroke Petrol Engine 2.5 Working
Content : 4.1 Brayton cycle-p.v. diagram and thermal efficiency. 4Marks Classification of gas turbines.
Content : 4.1 Brayton cycle-p.v. diagram and thermal efficiency. 4Marks Classification of gas turbines. 4.2 Construction and working of gas turbines i) Open cycle ii) Closed cycle gas Turbines, P.V. and
VETRI VINAYAHA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6404 THERMAL ENGINEERING
VETRI VINAYAHA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6404 THERMAL ENGINEERING UNIT I - GAS POWER CYCLES 1. What is a thermodynamic cycle? Thermodynamic cycle is defined
2.61 Internal Combustion Engine Final Examination. Open book. Note that Problems 1 &2 carry 20 points each; Problems 3 &4 carry 10 points each.
2.61 Internal Combustion Engine Final Examination Open book. Note that Problems 1 &2 carry 20 points each; Problems 3 &4 carry 10 points each. Problem 1 (20 points) Ethanol has been introduced as the bio-fuel
Comparison of Air-Standard Atkinson, Diesel and Otto Cycles with Constant Specific Heats
Comparison of Air-Standard Atkinson, Diesel and Otto Cycles with Constant Specific Heats Sethi Upasna Vijay 1, Mansha Kumari 2 1 Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, Vadodara Institute
Scheme G Sample Question Paper Course Name : Diploma in Automobile Engineering Course Code : AE
Sample Question Paper Semester : Fourth Marks : 100 Time: 03 Hours Q1.A. Attempt any SIX a. State different types of ideal gas processes 12 Marks b. Define dryness fraction and degree of superheat. c.
SI engine combustion
SI engine combustion 1 SI engine combustion: How to burn things? Reactants Products Premixed Homogeneous reaction Not limited by transport process Fast/slow reactions compared with other time scale of
Principles of Engine Operation. Information
Internal Combustion Engines MAK 4070E Principles of Engine Operation Prof.Dr. Cem Soruşbay Istanbul Technical University Information Prof.Dr. Cem Soruşbay İ.T.Ü. Makina Fakültesi Motorlar ve Taşıtlar Laboratuvarı
Maximizing Engine Efficiency by Controlling Fuel Reactivity Using Conventional and Alternative Fuels. Sage Kokjohn
Maximizing Engine Efficiency by Controlling Fuel Reactivity Using Conventional and Alternative Fuels Sage Kokjohn Acknowledgments Direct-injection Engine Research Consortium (DERC) US Department of Energy/Sandia
Free Piston Engine Based Off-Road Vehicles
Marquette University Milwaukee School of Engineering Purdue University University of California, Merced University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign University of Minnesota Vanderbilt University Free Piston
Introduction to combustion
Introduction to combustion EEN-E005 Bioenergy 1 017 D.Sc (Tech) ssi Kaario Motivation Why learn about combustion? Most of the energy in the world, 70-80%, is produced from different kinds of combustion
Fuels of the Future for Cars and Trucks
Fuels of the Future for Cars and Trucks Dr. James J. Eberhardt Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy U.S. Department of Energy 2002 Diesel Engine Emissions Reduction (DEER) Workshop San Diego, California
KINGS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING. Question Bank. UNIT-I THERMODYNAMIC CYCLES Part-A (2 Marks)
KINGS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Question Bank Sub. Code/Name: ME1351 - THERMAL ENGINEERING Year/Sem: III/VI 1. What is a thermodynamic cycle? UNIT-I THERMODYNAMIC CYCLES
AT 2303 AUTOMOTIVE POLLUTION AND CONTROL Automobile Engineering Question Bank
AT 2303 AUTOMOTIVE POLLUTION AND CONTROL Automobile Engineering Question Bank UNIT I INTRODUCTION 1. What are the design considerations of a vehicle?(jun 2013) 2..Classify the various types of vehicles.
Assignment-1 Introduction
Assignment-1 Introduction 1. Compare S.I. engines with C.I engines. 2. Explain with the help of neat sketch, the working of a 2-stroke petrol engine. 3. Derive an equation of efficiency, work output and
IC ENGINES. Differences between SI and CI engines: Petrol is fuel, which has a high self ignition temperature
IC ENGINES SI Engines work at constant volume. They have a compression ratio of around 6-10. But CI engines work at constant pressure and has a compression ratio of 16-20. In four stroke engines, one power
GT-Suite Users International Conference Frankfurt a.m., October 22 nd 2012
GT-Suite Users International Conference Frankfurt a.m., October 22 nd 2012 Computational Analysis of Internal and External EGR Strategies combined with Miller Cycle Concept for a Two Stage Turbocharged
Laboratory Exercise 12 THERMAL EFFICIENCY
Laboratory Exercise 12 THERMAL EFFICIENCY In part A of this experiment you will be calculating the actual efficiency of an engine and comparing the values to the Carnot efficiency (the maximum efficiency
η th W = Q Gas Power Cycles: Working fluid remains in the gaseous state through the cycle.
Gas Power Cycles: Gas Power Cycles: Working fluid remains in the gaseous state through the cycle. Sometimes useful to study an idealised cycle in which internal irreversibilities and complexities are
ME Thermal Engineering Question Bank
ME2301 - Thermal Engineering Question Bank UNIT I GAS POWER CYCLES Otto, Diesel, Dual, Brayton cycles, Calculation of mean effective pressure, and air standard efficiency -Actual and theoretical PV diagram
Development, Implementation, and Validation of a Fuel Impingement Model for Direct Injected Fuels with High Enthalpy of Vaporization
Development, Implementation, and Validation of a Fuel Impingement Model for Direct Injected Fuels with High Enthalpy of Vaporization (SAE Paper- 2009-01-0306) Craig D. Marriott PE, Matthew A. Wiles PE,
Foundations of Thermodynamics and Chemistry. 1 Introduction Preface Model-Building Simulation... 5 References...
Contents Part I Foundations of Thermodynamics and Chemistry 1 Introduction... 3 1.1 Preface.... 3 1.2 Model-Building... 3 1.3 Simulation... 5 References..... 8 2 Reciprocating Engines... 9 2.1 Energy Conversion...
Simulation of Performance Parameters of Spark Ignition Engine for Various Ignition Timings
Research Article International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology ISSN 2277-4106 2013 INPRESSCO. All Rights Reserved. Available at http://inpressco.com/category/ijcet Simulation of Performance
Applied Thermodynamics Internal Combustion Engines
Applied Thermodynamics Internal Combustion Engines Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mazlan Abdul Wahid Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia www.fkm.utm.my/~mazlan 1 Coverage Introduction Operation
Experimental Investigation of Performance and Emissions of a Stratified Charge CNG Direct Injection Engine with Turbocharger
MATEC Web of Conferences 1, 7 (17 ) DOI:1.11/matecconf/1717 ICTTE 17 Experimental Investigation of Performance and Emissions of a Stratified Charge CNG Direct Injection Engine with charger Hilmi Amiruddin