In this lecture... Gas power cycles
|
|
|
- Rosemary Lyons
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 7
2 Lect-7 Gas power cycles In this lecture... he Carnot cycle and its significance Air-standard assumptions An oeriew of reciprocating engines Otto cycle: the ideal cycle for sparkignition engines Diesel cycle: the ideal cycle for compression-ignition engines Dual cycles
3 Lect-7 Gas power cycles Study of power cycles of immense importance in engineering. Actual cycles: irreersibilities (like friction etc.),not in thermodynamic equilibrium, non-quasi static processes etc. For thermodynamic analysis we assume none of the aboe effects present: ideal cycles Ideal cycle analysis starting point of indepth analysis.
4 Lect-7 Gas power cycles he ideal cycles are internally reersible, but, unlike the Carnot cycle, they are not necessarily externally reersible. Hence, the thermal efficiency of an ideal cycle, in general, is less than that of a totally reersible cycle operating between the same temperature limits. But, the thermal efficiency is ideal cycles is higher than that of actual cycles. 4
5 Lect-7 Gas power cycles Gas power cycles are usually represented on P- and -s diagrams. On these diagrams the area enclosed by the process cures represent the net work done by the cycle. For a cyclic process this is also equal to the net heat transferred during the cycle. In an ideal power cycle, the only effect that can change the entropy of the working fluid during a process is heat transfer. 5
6 Lect-7 Gas power cycles On a -s diagram, Q in proceeds in the direction of increasing entropy and Q out proceeds in the direction of decreasing entropy. he difference between areas under Q in and Q out is the net heat transfer, and hence the net work of the cycle. he ratio of the area enclosed by the cyclic cure to the area under the heataddition process cure represents the thermal efficiency of the cycle. 6
7 Lect-7 Gas power cycles Q H Net heat input, Q H area under cure - W net,out Q L 4 S Net work output, W net (area under cure - ) (area under cure -4) Hence, thermal efficiency, η th W net /Q H 7
8 he Carnot cycle and its significance he Carnot cycle consists of four reersible processes: two reersible adiabatics and two reersible isotherms. Carnot efficiency is a function of the source and sink temperatures. L ηth he efficiency of a Carnot heat engine increases as H is increased, or as L is decreased. H Lect-7 8
9 he Carnot cycle and its significance Lect-7 he Carnot cycle seres as a standard against which actual cycle performance can be compared. In practice the source and sink temperatures are also limited. Source temperature limited by the materials that are used in these deices. Sink temperature limited by the temperature of the medium to which heat is rejected like atmosphere, lake, oceans etc. 9
10 Lect-7 Air standard assumptions o simplify analysis, the following assumptions are made:. he working fluid is air, which continuously circulates in a closed loop and always behaes as an ideal gas.. All the processes that make up the cycle are internally reersible.. he combustion process is replaced by a heataddition process from an external source. 4. he exhaust process is replaced by a heatrejection process that restores the working fluid to its initial state. 0
11 Lect-7 Air standard assumptions Air Fuel Combustion chamber Actual process Combustion products Heat addition Air Heating section Air Ideal process
12 Lect-7 Oeriew of reciprocating engines Reciprocating engines are one of the most commonly used power generating deices. hese engines can operate on a ariety of thermodynamic cycles. Piston and cylinder form the basic components of reciprocating engines, besides ales, connecting rods, flywheels and seeral other components.
13 Lect-7 Oeriew of reciprocating engines Intake ale Exhaust ale Bore DC DC BDC BDC DC: op Dead Centre BDC: Bottom Dead Centre Displacement olume Nomenclature for reciprocating engines Clearance olume
14 Oeriew of reciprocating engines he minimum olume formed in the cylinder when the piston is at DC is called the clearance olume. he olume displaced by the piston as it moes between DC and BDC is called the displacement olume. he ratio of the maximum olume formed in the cylinder to the minimum (clearance) olume is called the compression ratio, r of the engine: Vmax VBDC r V V min DC Lect-7 4
15 Oeriew of reciprocating engines Mean Effectie Pressure (MEP): is a fictitious pressure that, if it acted on the piston during the entire power stroke, would produce the same amount of net work as that produced during the actual cycle. W net MEP x Piston area x Stroke MEP x Displacement olume Wnet wnet MEP V V max min max min Lect-7 5
16 Lect-7 Oeriew of reciprocating engines P W net W net MEP x (V max -V min ) MEP V min DC V max BDC V he net work output of a cycle is equialent to the product of the mean effectie pressure and the displacement olume. 6
17 Lect-7 Oeriew of reciprocating engines wo types of reciprocating engines: Spark Ignition (SI) engines and Compression Ignition (CI) engines SI engines: the combustion of the air fuel mixture is initiated by a spark plug. CI engines, the air fuel mixture is selfignited as a result of compressing the mixture aboe its self-ignition temperature. 7
18 Lect-7 Otto cycle Otto cycle is the ideal cycle for sparkignition reciprocating engines. Named after Nikolaus A. Otto, who built a successful four-stroke engine in 876 in Germany. Can be executed in two or four strokes. Four stroke: Intake, compression, power and exhaust stroke wo stroke: Compression and power strokes. 8
19 Lect-7 Otto cycle Otto cycle consists of four processes: Isentropic compression (-) Isochoric (constant olume) heat addition (-) Isentropic expansion (-4) Isochoric (constant olume) heat rejection (4-) All the processes are internally reersible. Currently we shall analyse the ideal Otto cycle. Practical implementation and the actual cycle will be discussed in later chapters. 9
20 Otto cycle Lect-7 P q in Isentropic Isochoric q in 4 4 q out q out DC BDC s Ideal Otto cycle on P- and -s diagrams 0
21 Otto cycle Lect-7 Applying energy balance and assuming KE and PE to be zero: ( q he heat transfer to and from the working fluid can be written as : q q in in out q u u out 4 ) u + ( w u in c c ( ( w 4 out ) u ) )
22 Otto cycle he thermal efficiency of the ideal Otto cycle under the cold air standard assumptions becomes: Lect , herefore,. and Processes- and - 4 are isentropic and ) / ( ) / ( q q q w in out in net Otto th γ γ η
23 Otto cycle Lect-7 Substituting these equations into the thermal efficiency relation and simplifying: ηth, Otto γ r V where, r V And γ is max min V V the ratio of is the compression ratio. specific heats c p / c.
24 Lect-7 Diesel cycle he Diesel cycle is the ideal cycle for CI reciprocating engines proposed by Rudolph Diesel in the 890s. In SI, the air fuel mixture is compressed to a temperature that is below the autoignition temperature of the fuel, and the combustion process is initiated by firing a spark plug. In CI engines, the air is compressed to a temperature that is aboe the autoignition temperature of the fuel, and combustion starts on contact as the fuel is injected into this hot air. 4
25 Diesel cycle Lect-7 P q in Isentropic Pconstant q in 4 4 q out q out constant s Ideal Diesel cycle on P- and -s diagrams 5
26 Lect-7 Diesel cycle Diesel cycle consists of four processes: Isentropic compression (-) Isobaric (constant pressure) heat addition (-) Isentropic expansion (-4) Isochoric (constant olume) heat rejection (4-) All the processes are internally reersible. hermodynamically the Otto and Diesel cycles differ only in the second process (- ). For Otto cycle, -: constant olume and for Diesel cycle, -: constant pressure. 6
27 Diesel cycle Applying energy balance and assuming KE and PE to be zero: 7 Lect-7 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( can be written as : he heat transfer to and from the working fluid ) ( ) ( 4 4 c u u q c h h u u P q u w w q q out p in out in out in + +
28 Diesel cycle he thermal efficiency of the ideal Diesel cycle under the cold air standard assumptions becomes: wnet qout 4 ηth, Otto q q γ ( ) in ( 4 / ) γ ( / ) he cutoff ratio r c, as the ratio of the cylinder olumes after and before the combustion process: r c / in Lect-7 8
29 Diesel cycle Lect-7 Substituting these equations into the thermal efficiency relation and simplifying: η th, Diesel Where, r, is r γ rc γ ( r the compression ratio he quantity in the brackets is always >0 and therefore η th,diesel > η th,otto for the same compression ratios. γ c ) V V max min 9
30 Lect-7 Dual cycle Approximating heat addition by a constant pressure or constant olume process is too simplistic. Modelling the heat addition process by a combination of constant pressure and constant olume processes: dual cycle. he relatie amounts of heat added during the two processes can be appropriately adjusted. Both Otto and Diesel cycle can be obtained as a special case of the dual cycle. 0
31 Lect-7 Dual cycle P q in Isentropic 4 q out Ideal dual cycle on P- diagram What will this cycle look like on -s diagram? What is the thermal efficiency of such a cycle?
32 Lect-7 Gas power cycles In this lecture... he Carnot cycle and its significance Air-standard assumptions An oeriew of reciprocating engines Otto cycle: the ideal cycle for sparkignition engines Diesel cycle: the ideal cycle for compression-ignition engines Dual cycles
33 Lect-7 In the next lecture... Stirling and Ericsson Cycles Brayton Cycle: he Ideal Cycle for Gas- urbine Engines he Brayton Cycle with Regeneration he Brayton Cycle with Intercooling, Reheating, and Regeneration Rankine Cycle: he Ideal Cycle for Vapor Power Cycles
Idealizations Help Manage Analysis of Complex Processes
8 CHAPTER Gas Power Cycles 8-1 Idealizations Help Manage Analysis of Complex Processes The analysis of many complex processes can be reduced to a manageable level by utilizing some idealizations (fig.
Power Cycles. Ideal Cycles, Internal Combustion
Gas Power Cycles Power Cycles Ideal Cycles, Internal Combustion Otto cycle, spark ignition Diesel cycle, compression ignition Sterling & Ericsson cycles Brayton cycles Jet-propulsion cycle Ideal Cycles,
L34: Internal Combustion Engine Cycles: Otto, Diesel, and Dual or Gas Power Cycles Introduction to Gas Cycles Definitions
Page L: Internal Combustion Engine Cycles: Otto, Diesel, and Dual or Gas Power Cycles Review of Carnot Power Cycle (gas version) Air-Standard Cycles Internal Combustion (IC) Engines - Otto and Diesel Cycles
η th W = Q Gas Power Cycles: Working fluid remains in the gaseous state through the cycle.
Gas Power Cycles: Gas Power Cycles: Working fluid remains in the gaseous state through the cycle. Sometimes useful to study an idealised cycle in which internal irreversibilities and complexities are
Gas Power Cycles. Tarawneh
Gas Power Cycles Dr.Mohammad Tarawneh ) Carnot cycle 2) Otto cycle ) Diesel cycle - Today 4) Dual Cycle 5) Stirling cycle 6) Ericsson cycles 7) Brayton cycle Carnot Cycle Reversible isothermal expansion
Chapter 9. Two important areas of application for thermodynamics GAS POWER CYCLES. Objectives
Chapter 9 GAS POWER CYCLES Two important areas of application for thermodynamics are power generation and refrigeration. Both are usually accomplished by systems that operate on a thermodynamic cycle.
CHAPTER 9 GAS POWER CYCLES PART 1. MOHD KAMAL ARIFFIN, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, UTM, Skudai
CHAPER 9 GAS POWER CYCLES PAR MOHD KAMAL ARIFFIN, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, UM, Sudai OPIC : GAS POWER CYCLES - PAR INRODUCION What is IC Engine? An internal combustion engine is a thermal system
Chapter 9 GAS POWER CYCLES
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach Seventh Edition in SI Units Yunus A. Cengel, Michael A. Boles McGraw-Hill, 2011 Chapter 9 GAS POWER CYCLES Mehmet Kanoglu University of Gaziantep Copyright The McGraw-Hill
Week 10. Gas Power Cycles. ME 300 Thermodynamics II 1
Week 10 Gas Power Cycles ME 300 Thermodynamics II 1 Today s Outline Gas power cycles Internal combustion engines Four-stroke cycle Thermodynamic cycles Ideal cycle ME 300 Thermodynamics II 2 Gas Power
Gas Power System. By Ertanto Vetra
Gas Power System 1 By Ertanto Vetra Outlines Introduction Internal Combustion Engines Otto Cycles Diesel Cycles Gas Turbine Cycles Gas Turbine Based Combined Cycles Gas Turbines for Aircrafts Turbojets
(v) Cylinder volume It is the volume of a gas inside the cylinder when the piston is at Bottom Dead Centre (B.D.C) and is denoted by V.
UNIT II GAS POWER CYCLES AIR STANDARD CYCLES Air standard cycles are used for comparison of thermal efficiencies of I.C engines. Engines working with air standard cycles are known as air standard engines.
Chapter 9 GAS POWER CYCLES
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, 6 th Edition Yunus A. Cengel, Michael A. Boles McGraw-Hill, 2008 Chapter 9 GAS POWER CYCLES Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction
Internal Combustion Engines
Internal Combustion Engines Reading Problems 8-3 8-7 8-35, 8-45, 8-52 Definitions 1. spark ignition: a mixture of fuel and air is ignited by a spark plug applications requiring power to about 225 kw (300
GAS POWER CYCLES. Dr Ali Jawarneh Department of Mechanical Engineering Hashemite University
Chapter 9 GAS POWER CYCLES Dr Ali Jawarneh Department of Mechanical Engineering i Hashemite University 2 Objectives Evaluate the performance of gas power cycles for which h the working fluid remains a
Thermodynamic Cycles. Alicia Ma. Esponda Cascajares
Thermodynamic Cycles Alicia Ma. Esponda Cascajares Power Cycles Cycles which convert a heat input into a mechanical work output. Power cycles can be divided according to the type of heat engine they seek
CHAPTER I GAS POWER CYCLES
CHAPTER I GAS POWER CYCLES 1.1 AIR STANDARD CYCLES Air standard cycles are used for comparison of thermal efficiencies of I.C engines. Engines working with air standard cycles are known as air standard
BASIC CONSIDERATIONS IN POWER CYCLE ANALYSIS THERMODYNAMICS CHAPTER 9
08.04.3. HERMODYNAMICS CHAPER 9 Gas power cycles Lecturer Axel GRONIEWSKY, PhD 5 th of February08 Most power-producing devices operate on cycles. Complexity of actual cycles are high idealizationsare required
Class Notes on Thermal Energy Conversion System
Class Notes on Thermal Energy Conversion System For the students of Civil & Rural 3 rd semester Ramesh Khanal Assistant Professorr Nepal Engineering College Bhaktapur, Nepal 2015 Course Structure MEC 209.3:
Combustion engines. Combustion
Combustion engines Chemical energy in fuel converted to thermal energy by combustion or oxidation Heat engine converts chemical energy into mechanical energy Thermal energy raises temperature and pressure
Chapter 8 Production of Power from Heat
Chapter 8 Production of Power from Heat Different sources of power, such as solar energy (from sun), kinetic energy from atmospheric winds and potential energy from tides. The most important source of
The Internal combustion engine (Otto Cycle)
The Internal combustion engine (Otto Cycle) The Otto cycle is a set of processes used by spark ignition internal combustion engines (2-stroke or 4-stroke cycles). These engines a) ingest a mixture of fuel
Prepared by: Dr. Assim Adaraje
Air-standard cycles Prepared by: Dr. Assim Adaraje CH. 2 ۱ Cold-air-standard assumptions: When the working fluid is considered to be air with constant specific heats at room temperature (25 C). Air-standard
Heat engine. Heat engine
Heat engine Device that transforms heat into work. It requires two energy reservoirs at different temperatures An energy reservoir is a part of the environment so large wrt the system that its temperature
Process 1-2: Reversible adiabatic compression process. Process 2-3: Reversible isothermal heat addition
Vapor Power Cycles Process 1-2: Reversible adiabatic compression process from P1 to P2. Process 2-3: Reversible isothermal heat addition process at constant temperature TH. Process 3-4: Reversible adiabatic
Thermodynamics cycles can be classified into different categories depending on fluid used or the different processes:
Classification of thermodynamics cycles Thermodynamics cycles can be classified into different categories depending on fluid used or the different processes: Gas and vapor cycles - Gas cycle: the working
Comparison of Air-Standard Atkinson, Diesel and Otto Cycles with Constant Specific Heats
Comparison of Air-Standard Atkinson, Diesel and Otto Cycles with Constant Specific Heats Sethi Upasna Vijay 1, Mansha Kumari 2 1 Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, Vadodara Institute
Engine Cycles. T Alrayyes
Engine Cycles T Alrayyes Introduction The cycle experienced in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine is very complex. The cycle in SI and diesel engine were discussed in detail in the previous
Internal Combustion Engine. Prepared by- Md Ferdous Alam Lecturer, MEE, SUST
Internal Combustion Engine Prepared by- Md Ferdous Alam Lecturer, MEE, SUST What is an Engine? -a machine designed to convert one form of energy into mechanical energy Two types of engines : 1. Internal
Combustion Systems What we might have learned
Combustion Systems What we might have learned IMechE ADSC, 6 December 2012 Chris Whelan Contents Engines Big & Small Carnot, Otto & Diesel Thermodynamic Cycles Combustion Process & Systems Diesel & Otto
8.21 The Physics of Energy Fall 2009
MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 8.21 The Physics of Energy Fall 2009 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. 8.21 Lecture 11 Internal Combustion
USO4CICV01/US04CICH02:
Natubhai V. Patel College of Pure & Applied Sciences S. Y. B.Sc. Semester-4 Industrial chemistry/ IC (Vocational) USO4CICV0/US04CICH02: Chemical Plant Utilities UNIT 5 Internal combustion engine In an
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS TWO MARKS QUESTION AND ANSWER
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME 6301- ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS TWO MARKS QUESTION AND ANSWER 1. Define the term thermal engineering. Ans: Thermal engineering is the science that deals with the
UNIT 1 GAS POWER CYCLES
THERMAL ENGINEERING UNIT 1 GAS POWER CYCLES Air Standard Cycles - Otto, Diesel, Dual, Brayton cycle with intercooling, reheating and regeneration- Calculation of airstandard efficiency and mean effective
OBJECTIVE: GENERAL ASPECTS ABOUT ENGINES MECHANISM:
LANDMARK UNIVERSITY, OMU-ARAN LECTURE NOTE 3 COLLEGE: COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Course code: MCE 211 Course title: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Credit
SAMPLE STUDY MATERIAL
IC Engine - ME GATE, IES, PSU 1 SAMPLE STUDY MATERIAL Mechanical Engineering ME Postal Correspondence Course Internal Combustion Engine GATE, IES & PSUs IC Engine - ME GATE, IES, PSU 2 C O N T E N T 1.
Unit WorkBook 4 Level 4 ENG U13 Fundamentals of Thermodynamics and Heat Engines UniCourse Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Sample
Pearson BTEC Levels 4 Higher Nationals in Engineering (RQF) Unit 13: Fundamentals of Thermodynamics and Heat Engines Unit Workbook 4 in a series of 4 for this unit Learning Outcome 4 Internal Combustion
Applied Thermodynamics Internal Combustion Engines
Applied Thermodynamics Internal Combustion Engines Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mazlan Abdul Wahid Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia www.fkm.utm.my/~mazlan 1 Coverage Introduction Operation
(a) then mean effective pressure and the indicated power for each end ; (b) the total indicated power : [16]
![(a) then mean effective pressure and the indicated power for each end ; (b) the total indicated power : [16]](/thumbs/79/80273804.jpg "(a) then mean effective pressure and the indicated power for each end ; (b) the total indicated power : [16]")
Code No: R05220304 Set No. 1 II B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2007 THERMAL ENGINEERING-I ( Common to Mechanical Engineering and Automobile Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer
GYANMANJARI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (GMIT) SUBJECT: ELEMENTS OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Assignment Ch 1
1. 3. GYANMANJARI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (GMIT) Assignment Ch 1 A steel ball having mass of 10 kg and a specific heat of 460 J/kg K is heated from 50 o C to 200 o C. Determine the heat required. In a
UNIT 2 POWER PLANTS 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.2 CLASSIFICATION OF IC ENGINES. Objectives. Structure. 2.1 Introduction
UNIT 2 POWER PLANTS Power Plants Structure 2.1 Introduction Objectives 2.2 Classification of IC Engines 2.3 Four Stroke Engines versus Two Stroke Engines 2.4 Working of Four Stroke Petrol Engine 2.5 Working
VALVE TIMING DIAGRAM FOR SI ENGINE VALVE TIMING DIAGRAM FOR CI ENGINE
VALVE TIMING DIAGRAM FOR SI ENGINE VALVE TIMING DIAGRAM FOR CI ENGINE Page 1 of 13 EFFECT OF VALVE TIMING DIAGRAM ON VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY: Qu. 1:Why Inlet valve is closed after the Bottom Dead Centre
AIR STANDARD ASSUMPTIONS
AIR SANDARD ASSUMIONS In powe enges, enegy is poided by bung fuel with the system boundaies, i.e., tenal combustion enges. he followg assumptions ae commonly known as the aistandad assumptions: he wokg
Thermodynamics II MIDTERM MECH 351/2 Fall 06 CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Thermodynamics II MIDTERM MEH 35/ Fall 06 ONORDIA UNIVERSITY FAULTY OF ENGINEERING AND OMPUTER SIENE DEPARTMENT OF MEHANIAL ENGINEERING Student s Name: I.D.: I. [50 points] A steam power plant operates
UNIT IV INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
UNIT IV INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Objectives After the completion of this chapter, Students 1. To know the different parts of IC engines and their functions. 2. To understand the working principle of
MTX221. Session 53. Sessie 53 DRYWINGS-KRINGLOPE (GAS-FASE) POWER CYCLES (GAS PHASE) Dr. Jaco Dirker. These slides also appear on Click-UP
Ses.53-1 MX221 Sessie 53 DRYWINGS-KRINGLOPE (GAS-FASE) Session 53 POWER CYCLES (GAS PHASE) Dr. Jaco Dirker hese slides also appear on Click-UP Hierdie skyfies verskyn ook op Click-UP 8 th edition / 8e
SET - 1 II B. Tech II Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations, April/May-2017 THERMAL ENGINEERING-I (Mechanical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70 Note: 1. Question Paper consists of two parts
Kul Internal Combustion Engine Technology. Definition & Classification, Characteristics 2015 Basshuysen 1,2,3,4,5
Kul-14.4100 Internal Combustion Engine Technology Definition & Classification, Characteristics 2015 Basshuysen 1,2,3,4,5 Definitions Combustion engines convert the chemical energy of fuel to mechanical
VETRI VINAYAHA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6404 THERMAL ENGINEERING
VETRI VINAYAHA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6404 THERMAL ENGINEERING UNIT I - GAS POWER CYCLES 1. What is a thermodynamic cycle? Thermodynamic cycle is defined
A REVIEW ON STIRLING ENGINES
A REVIEW ON STIRLING ENGINES Neeraj Joshi UG Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sandip Foundation s Sandip Institute of Technology and Research Centre,Mahiravani, Nashik Savitribai Phule Pune
Assignment-1 Air Standard Cycles
Assignment-1 Air Standard Cycles 1. What do u mean by air standard cycle? List assumptions for air standard cycle & give reasons why air standard cycle differs from actual cycle. 2. Derive an equation
IC ENGINES. Differences between SI and CI engines: Petrol is fuel, which has a high self ignition temperature
IC ENGINES SI Engines work at constant volume. They have a compression ratio of around 6-10. But CI engines work at constant pressure and has a compression ratio of 16-20. In four stroke engines, one power
Thermodynamics Third Law Heat Engines
Thermodynamics Third Law Heat Engines Lana Sheridan De Anza College May 11, 2018 Last time heat engines heat pumps Carnot engines Overview efficiency of Carnot engines the Third Law real engines Heat Engine
2013 THERMAL ENGINEERING-I
SET - 1 II B. Tech II Semester, Regular Examinations, April/May 2013 THERMAL ENGINEERING-I (Com. to ME, AME) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry Equal Marks ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Hours / 100 Marks Seat No.
17529 14115 3 Hours / 100 Seat No. Instructions (1) All Questions are Compulsory. (2) Answer each next main Question on a new page. (3) Illustrate your answers with neat sketches wherever necessary. (4)
ME2301 THERMAL ENGINEERING L T P C OBJECTIVE:
ME2301 THERMAL ENGINEERING L T P C 3 1 0 4 OBJECTIVE: To integrate the concepts, laws and methodologies from the first course in thermo dynamics into analysis of cyclic processes To apply the thermodynamic
Comparative Study Of Four Stroke Diesel And Petrol Engine.
Comparative Study Of Four Stroke Diesel And Petrol Engine. Aim: To study the construction and working of 4- stroke petrol / diesel engine. Theory: A machine or device which derives heat from the combustion
Approved by AICTE, Government of India & affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow Department of Mechanical Engineering
Experiment No. - 1 Object: Study and working of four stroke petrol engine. Apparatus Required: S. No. Name of Apparatus Specifications Model of Four stroke petrol engine NA Figure 1: Working of four stroke
MEB THERMAL ENGINEERING - I QUESTION BANK UNIT-I PART-A
MEB 420 - THERMAL ENGINEERING - I QUESTION BANK UNIT-I Each question carries 1 mark. PART-A 1. Define temperature. 2. Define intensive property 3. Explain the term absolute zero of temperature 4. State
KINGS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING. Question Bank. UNIT-I THERMODYNAMIC CYCLES Part-A (2 Marks)
KINGS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Question Bank Sub. Code/Name: ME1351 - THERMAL ENGINEERING Year/Sem: III/VI 1. What is a thermodynamic cycle? UNIT-I THERMODYNAMIC CYCLES
2. Discuss the effects of the following operating variables on detonation
Code No: RR220303 Set No. 1 II B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2006 THERMAL ENGINEERING-I ( Common to Mechanical Engineering and Automobile Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer
Noble Group of Institutions, Junagadh. Faculty of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering
Semester:1 st Subject: Elements of Mechanical Engineering (2110006) Faculty: Mr. Ishan Bhatt Year: 2017-18 Class: Comp. & IT Ele TUTORIAL 1 INTRODUCTION Q.1 Define: Force, Work, Pressure, Energy, Heat
Important Instructions to examiners: 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme. 2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate
Scheme G Sample Question Paper Course Name : Diploma in Automobile Engineering Course Code : AE
Sample Question Paper Semester : Fourth Marks : 100 Time: 03 Hours Q1.A. Attempt any SIX a. State different types of ideal gas processes 12 Marks b. Define dryness fraction and degree of superheat. c.
Chapter 1 Internal Combustion Engines
Chapter 1 Internal Combustion Engines 1.1 Performance Parameters Engine performance parameters can be measured by two means; the indicator equipment or the dynamometer. The indicator system consists of
INTRODUCTION OF FOUR STROKE ENGINE
INTRODUCTION OF FOUR STROKE ENGINE Engine: An engine is motor which converts chemical energy into mechanical energy Fuel/petrol engine: A petrol engine (known as a gasoline engine in North America) is
Design and Analysis of Stirling Engines. Justin Denno Advised by Dr. Raouf Selim
Design and Analysis of Stirling Engines Justin Denno Advised by Dr. Raouf Selim Abstract The Stirling engines being researched here are the acoustic engines and the Alpha-V engine. The acoustic engine
Operating Characteristics
Chapter 2 Operating Characteristics 2-1 Engine Parameters 2-22 Work 2-3 Mean Effective Pressure 2-4 Torque and Power 2-5 Dynamometers 2-6 Air-Fuel Ratio and Fuel-Air Ratio 2-7 Specific Fuel Consumption
Introduction to I.C Engines CH. 1. Prepared by: Dr. Assim Adaraje
Introduction to I.C Engines CH. 1 Prepared by: Dr. Assim Adaraje 1 An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a heat engine where the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion
Page 2. (a) (i) Show that during the change AB the gas undergoes an isothermal change.
Q1.The Carnot cycle is the most efficient theoretical cycle of changes for a fixed mass of gas in a heat engine. The graph below shows the pressure volume (p V) diagram for a gas undergoing a Carnot cycle
FUNDAMENTALS OF POWER PLANTS. Asko Vuorinen
FUNDAMENTALS OF POWER PLANTS Asko Vuorinen 1 Engine cycles Carnot Cycle Otto Cycle Diesel Cycle Brayton Cycle Rankine Cycle Combined Cycles 2 Carnot Engine 3 Carnot Cycle 4 Carnot Cycle, continued Ideal
I.C ENGINES. CLASSIFICATION I.C Engines are classified according to:
I.C ENGINES An internal combustion engine is most popularly known as I.C. engine, is a heat engine which converts the heat energy released by the combustion of the fuel taking place inside the engine cylinder
2.61 Internal Combustion Engines
Due: Thursday, February 19, 2004 2.61 Internal Combustion Engines Problem Set 2 Tuesday, February 10, 2004 1. Several velocities, time, and length scales are useful in understanding what goes on inside
FUNDAMENTAL OF AUTOMOBILE SYSTEMS
Prof. Kunalsinh Mechanical Engineering Dept. FUNDAMENTAL OF AUTOMOBILE SYSTEMS Prof. Kunalsinh kathia [MECHANICAL DEPT.] UNIT-2 [ENGINES] PART-1 Prof. Kunalsinh kathia [MECHANICAL DEPT.] Internal combustion
Assignment-1 Introduction
Assignment-1 Introduction 1. Compare S.I. engines with C.I engines. 2. Explain with the help of neat sketch, the working of a 2-stroke petrol engine. 3. Derive an equation of efficiency, work output and
Investigators: C. F. Edwards, Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department; M.N. Svreck, K.-Y. Teh, Graduate Researchers
Development of Low-Irreversibility Engines Investigators: C. F. Edwards, Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department; M.N. Svreck, K.-Y. Teh, Graduate Researchers This project aims to implement
2.61 Internal Combustion Engine Final Examination. Open book. Note that Problems 1 &2 carry 20 points each; Problems 3 &4 carry 10 points each.
2.61 Internal Combustion Engine Final Examination Open book. Note that Problems 1 &2 carry 20 points each; Problems 3 &4 carry 10 points each. Problem 1 (20 points) Ethanol has been introduced as the bio-fuel
Heat Transfer in Engines. Internal Combustion Engines
Heat Transfer in Engines Internal Combustion Engines Energy Distribution Removing heat is critical in keeping an engine and lubricant from thermal failure Amount of energy available for use: Brake thermal
AME 436. Energy and Propulsion. Lecture 6 Unsteady-flow (reciprocating) engines 1: Basic operating principles, design & performance parameters
AME 436 Energy and Propulsion Lecture 6 Unsteady-flow (reciprocating) engines 1: Basic operating principles, design & performance parameters Outline Classification of unsteady-flow engines Basic operating
Development of Low-Exergy-Loss, High-Efficiency Chemical Engines
Development of Low-Exergy-Loss, High-Efficiency Chemical Engines Investigators C. F., Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering; Kwee-Yan Teh, Shannon L. Miller, Graduate Researchers Introduction The
ME Thermal Engineering Question Bank
ME2301 - Thermal Engineering Question Bank UNIT I GAS POWER CYCLES Otto, Diesel, Dual, Brayton cycles, Calculation of mean effective pressure, and air standard efficiency -Actual and theoretical PV diagram
ENGINES ENGINE OPERATION
ENGINES ENGINE OPERATION Because the most widely used piston engine is the four-stroke cycle type, it will be used as the example for this section, Engine Operation and as the basis for comparison in the
density ratio of 1.5.
Problem 1: An 8cyl 426 ci Hemi motor makes 426 HP at 5500 rpm on a compression ratio of 10.5:1. It is over square by 10% meaning that it s stroke is 10% less than it s bore. It s volumetric efficiency
Heat Engines Lab 12 SAFETY
HB 1-05-09 Heat Engines 1 Lab 12 1 i Heat Engines Lab 12 Equipment SWS, 600 ml pyrex beaker with handle for ice water, 350 ml pyrex beaker with handle for boiling water, 11x14x3 in tray, pressure sensor,
Principles of Engine Operation. Information
Internal Combustion Engines MAK 4070E Principles of Engine Operation Prof.Dr. Cem Soruşbay Istanbul Technical University Information Prof.Dr. Cem Soruşbay İ.T.Ü. Makina Fakültesi Motorlar ve Taşıtlar Laboratuvarı
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Question Bank ME THERMAL ENGINEERING. Part-A (2 Marks)
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Question Bank ME1351 - THERMAL ENGINEERING UNIT I GAS POWER CYCLES Part-A (2 Marks) 1. What is a thermodynamic cycle? 2. What is meant by air standard cycle? 3.. Name
Scheme - G. Sample Test Paper-I. Course Name : Diploma in Mechanical Engineering Course Code : ME Semester : Fifth Subject Title : Power Engineering
Sample Test Paper-I Marks : 25 Time:1 hour Q1. Attempt any Three 3X3=9 a) Define i) Mean Effective Pressure ii) Piston Speed iii) Swept Volume b) Draw Carnot cycle on P-V and T-S Diagram c) State the need
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING IC ENGINES, REFRIGERATION
ES ID: 0 ESE- 09 (Prelims) - Offline est Series est 5 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING IC ENGINES, REFRIGERAION and AIR CONDIIONING + POWER PLAN ENGINEERING SOLUIONS 0. Ans: (c) otal heat loss area = Heat loss from
Internal Combustion Engines
Introduction Lecture 1 1 Outline In this lecture we will learn about: Definition of internal combustion Development of the internal combustion engine Different engine classifications We will also draw
AT AUTOMOTIVE ENGINES QUESTION BANK
AT6301 - AUTOMOTIVE ENGINES QUESTION BANK UNIT I: CONSTRUCTION & WORKING PRINCIPLE OF IC ENGINES 1. State the application of CI engines? 2. What is Cubic capacity of an engine? 3. What is the purpose of
CHAPTER 2 GAS POWER CYCLES
CHAER GA OWER CYCLE Gas power cycle are power producin cycles with as as workin fluid that does not undero any phase chane unlike apor power cycles where workin fluid underoes phase chane. arious as power
Vol-3 Issue India 2 Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Dept., Hansaba College of Engineering & Technology, Gujarat, India
Review Paper on Effect of Variable Thermal Properties of Working Fluid on Performance of an IC Engine Cycle Desai Rahulkumar Mohanbhai 1, Kiran D. Parmar 2 1 P. G. Student, Mechanical Engineering Dept.,
SIDDHARTH INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY :: PUTTUR (AUTONOMOUS) QUESTION BANK UNIT I I.C ENGINES
SIDDHARTH INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY :: PUTTUR UNIT I I.C ENGINES 1 (a) Explain any six types of classification of Internal Combustion engines. (6M) (b) With a neat sketch explain any three
Internal Combustion Engines
Engine Cycles Lecture Outline In this lecture we will: Analyse actual air fuel engine cycle: -Stroke cycle -Stroke cycle Compare these cycles to air standard cycles Actual Engine Cycle Although air standard
Evaluation Of Parameters Affecting The Performance Of Spark-Ignition Engine BY Bello Lawal And Dr. Isa Garba
Evaluation Of Parameters Affecting The Performance Of Spark-Ignition Engine BY Bello Lawal And Dr. Isa Garba ABSTRACT This paper focused on the performance of a spark-ignition (engine, which is affected
The Four Stroke Cycle
1 Induction As the piston travels down the cylinder it draws filtered air at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature through an air filter and inlet valves into the cylinder. 2 Compression When the
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Engines
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Engines Aravind. I. Garagad. Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Engineering and Technology, Dharwad, Karnataka, India. ABSTRACT Large reductions
COVENANT UNIVERSITY NIGERIA TUTORIAL KIT OMEGA SEMESTER PROGRAMME: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
COVENANT UNIVERSITY NIGERIA TUTORIAL KIT OMEGA SEMESTER PROGRAMME: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING COURSE: MCE 320 DISCLAIMER The contents of this document are intended for practice and leaning purposes at the
Aircraft Engine Development from Fundamental Considerations: Thermodynamic and Mechanical
24 1 Aircraft Engine Development from Fundamental Considerations: Thermodynamic and Mechanical 2 Ideal Cycles 8 3 Lect-24 Q 1 W 1 Q 1 W 1 W 2 7 2 W 2 4 Heat exchanges are : Q 1 ~ c v (T 3 T 2 )>c v (T
Thermodynamics [ENGR 251] [Lyes KADEM 2007]
![Thermodynamics [ENGR 251] [Lyes KADEM 2007]](/thumbs/77/75921316.jpg "Thermodynamics [ENGR 251] [Lyes KADEM 2007]")
hermodynamics [ENGR 25] [yes KADEM 2007] II. Carnot Cycle he Carnot cycle was first proposed 824, by Sadi Carnot. he terest the cycle is largely theoretical, as no practical Carnot cycle enge has yet been
EEN-E2002 Internal Combustion Definitions and Characteristics, lecture 3. January 2017, Martti Larmi
EEN-E2002 Internal Combustion Definitions and Characteristics, lecture 3 January 2017, Martti Larmi Textbooks on Internal Combustion Internal combustion engine handbook : basics, components, systems, and