April 2016 Workshop on Road Map to Indian Real Driving Emissions

Transcription

1 Emissions Measurement Solutions REAL DRIVING EMISSIONS EXPERIENCE IN USA Atul Shah Sensors, Inc. Saline, MI, USA April 2016 Workshop on Road Map to Indian Real Driving Emissions

2 Presentation Outline Historical Overview Drivers for RDE and PEMS Major RDE programs and activities Conclusions 2

3 Historical Overview RDE is not new RDE is not complicated, not anymore 3

4 RDE: November 1956 Coordinated Research Council (CRC) Project CM-4-58 CRC Project CM-4-58

5 RDE: CRC Project CM cars tested Liston-Becker Spectrometers for CO, CO 2 and HC Batch samples for NO X Reported 0.5 to 0.7 lb/hr of NO X emission during acceleration

6 RDE: November 1956 PEMS Instrumentation and Accessories

7 MODERN PEMS 7

8 Modern PEMS 8

9 Modern PEMS In 2014, Sensors, Inc. introduced the Reg. 49-compliant SEMTECH LDV addressing the specific needs of light-duty Real Driving Emissions measurement needs May 2016 SENSORS, INC. INNOVATION BUILT ON EXPERIENCE 9

10 Modern PEMS High quality lab grade instruments FID for THC NDIR for CO NDUV or CLD for NOx Full activity/environmental data collection GPS, temperature, pressure, humidity, etc. Designed for engines with and without ECM 10

11 Drivers for RDE and PEMS 11

12 DRIVERS FOR RDE US EPA S HDIU COMPLIANCE PROGRAM Manufacturer-run on-vehicle emissions compliance program Since 2006 Heavy-duty diesel engine manufacturers are required to test HD diesel vehicles and submit data per EPA test orders Engine manufacturers recruit test vehicles and carry out 8-hour RDE test using PEMS Generated demand for PEMS and encouraged instrument manufacturers to invest Resulted in advancements in the design of PEMS and development of detailed test methodology Advanced data processing and analysis methods 12

13 DRIVERS FOR RDE EMISSION INVENTORY MODELLING Essential for effective policy making Emission rates, activity and population Emissions inventory models based on laboratory emission rates data failed to predict air quality correctly Emission rates; laboratory results vs. RDE data RDE results more accurate, less precise or repeatable RDE data essential for accurate emissions rate input into mobile source inventory models 13

14 Acceleration Rate (mph/s) DRIVERS FOR RDE LIMITATIONS OF LABORATORY TESTS EPA Federal Test Procedure Speed (mph) 14

15 DRIVERS FOR RDE LIMITATIONS OF LABORATORY TESTS 15

16 RDE Programs and Activities 16

17 MEASUREMENT ALLOWANCE PROGRAM Established credibility for emissions data generated by modern PEMS Data-driven estimation of measurement errors for PEMS EMA, EPA and CARB collaboration Work performed by SWRI and CCERT over period of four years ( ) Monte Carlo simulation to determine measurement error probabilities for pollutants Results of the simulation validated by on-road correlation between PEMS and CCERT s MEL Resulted in determination of measurement allowance that can be used to show compliance for HDIU program 17

18 MEASUREMENT ALLOWANCE PROGRAM Correlation in engine test cell Three HDD engines; DDC, CAT, Navistar Three PEMS operating simultaneously Steady state and Transient operations 10 SS conditions, 20 repeat each 18

19 MEASUREMENT ALLOWANCE PROGRAM Environmental Testing and other Error Sources Shock and vibration Electro-magnetic interference (EMI), and electrostatic discharge Effects of Altitude Changes Ambient temperature changes Torque signal errors from vehicle ECM Cross-winds at the exhaust flowmeter exit Exhaust Pulsations on exhaust flowmeter measurements Non-uniform velocity (Swirl) at the exhaust flowmeter inlet 19

20 US EPA s NATIONAL DEPLOYMENT OF PEMS PROGRAM National Deployment of Portable Emission and Activity Measurement To gather real-world data on emissions and activity from mobile sources (onhighway and non-road) Development of Mobile Source Emission Factors Development of Mobile Source Inventories Better Understanding of Parameters/Factors that contribute to the Change in Emissions Improvement in Sampling, Measurement Techniques and Equipment Started in 2006, $8 million for first five years 20

21 MICHELIN CHALLENGE BIBENDUM 2003 AND 2004 Exhibition event to promote sustainable mobility On-site RDE tests of participating vehicles Proved viability of efficient RDE testing of wide range of light-duty vehicles 21

22 SAE CLEAN SNOWMOBILE CHALLENGE Annual collegiate competition at Michigan Technological University where engineering student teams compete for the best snowmobile design RDE testing of snowmobiles 22

23 RDE FOR ALL MOBILE EMISSION SOURCES Light Duty Heavy Duty Off Road - Various

24 CONCLUSIONS Efficient and accurate on-vehicle emissions testing is viable across a wide range of light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles Regulators and others have employed on-vehicle emission testing for the variety of objectives PEMS technology has advanced to be a part of variety of regulatory approvals and certifications 24

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