REMOTE SENSING RDE: ITS, University of Leeds UK urban Air Quality exceedance areas: 2007 present > 1 million pass-by measurements

Transcription

1 REMOTE SENSING RDE: ITS, University of Leeds UK urban Air Quality exceedance areas: 2007 present > 1 million pass-by measurements Dr James TATE Associate Professor, Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, UK j.e.tate@its.leeds.ac.uk Twitter: drjamestate

2 REMOTE SENSING RDE: AWEL, Zurich, CH: 2000, 2001,

3 EMISSION FACTOR ESTIMATES (2010) EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE FFFFFFFFFFFF gggg. kkkk 1 RRRRRR = NNNN XX CCCC 2 RRRRDD CCCC 2 kkkk MMMMMMMM CCCC 2 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC FFFFFFFFFFFF IIIIIIII,2015 Carslaw, D., Beevers, S., Tate, J., Westmoreland, E., Williams, M Recent evidence concerning higher NOx emissions from passenger cars and light duty vehicles. Atmospheric Environment, 45, December 2011, pg ,

4 INFLUENCE HIGH VEHICLE POWER: Analysis RSD NO X /CO 2 & Vehicle Specific Power (VSP) PETROL DIESEL Carslaw, D., Williams, M., Tate, J., Beevers, S The importance of high vehicle power for passenger car emissions. Atmospheric Environment, 68, April 2013, pp 8-16,

5 #DIESELGATE NO X emissions of 2.0 litre diesels by marque & Year registration Surveys 2015: Leeds & Aberdeen, UK NO X (grams.km 1 ) Euro III Euro IV Euro V Euro VI Emission stand Year of registration

6 #DIESELGATE NO X emissions of common marques & models Euro 3 Euro 4 Euro 5 Euro 3 Euro 4 Euro AUDI BMW FORD LANDROVER MERCEDES NO X (grams.km 1 ) 0.5 PEUGEOT SKODA VAUXHALL VOLKSWAGEN VOLVO Euro 3 Euro 4 Euro 5 Euro 3 Euro 4 Euro 5 Euro Standard Euro 3 Euro 4 Euro 5

7 RDE CONTROLLED VARIABLES e.g. Temp, Fuel IN-SERVICE & TRENDS SAMPLE SIZE LAB PEMS REMOTE SENSING ,000 10, ,000 1,000,000

8 LABORATORY: Taking the road into the Laboratory Laboratory test so direct comparisons between vehicles can be made Transport for London (TfL) testing over a REAL London Drive Cycle developed from a sample of vehicle tracking data Time periods: AM peak, Inter-peak, Free-flow Road types: urban, suburban, motorway (urban) TOTAL = 140 kms Speed (km/h) motorway suburban urban Time (seconds)

9 TfL EURO 6 / VI LABORATORY TESTING 12 PASSENGER CARS: tested over the entire LDC (140 kms) Powertrains petrol (2), diesel (9) and petrol-hev (1); Exhaust after-treatments 3 way Cat, LNT and SCR; Market segments Compact, Supermini, Small family, Family/MPV, SUV/4x4, Prestige/sports and Hybrid; and Marques BMW, Fiat, Lexus, Mercedes, Peugeot, Volvo and Volkswagen. 3 HEAVY-GOODS VEHICLES: tested over the suburban sub-cycles only Rigid HGV N2 7500kg Rigid HGV N kg Artic HGV N kg LADEN and UN-LADEN 1 Millbrook Vehicle Emission testing laboratories that meet the requirements of Directive 2007/46 EC Article 41, Section 3 and have been designated as a Category A Technical Service for Individual Vehicle Approvals (IVA). 9

10 TfL PASSENGER CAR RESULTS 1.2 Supermini Average NO X [g/km] Family/MPV Small family Small family SUV/4x4 Small family 0.2 Family/MPV Euro 5b/b+ diesel limit Prestige/sports Family/MPV 0.0 Euro 6b/c diesel limit Prestige/sports Compact Petrol-Hybrid Average CO 2 (as % of type-approval [g/km])

11 RDE CONTROLLED VARIABLES e.g. Temp, Fuel IN-SERVICE & TRENDS SAMPLE SIZE LAB PEMS REMOTE SENSING ,000 10, ,000 1,000,000

12 Remote Sensing RDE: OUTLOOK Euro 6 and Euro 6c diesel analysis Primary NO 2 emissions speciation Continuous operation more measurements Data sharing (RSD workshop September) BIG data analysis techniques to answer research questions e.g. Screening of clean and polluting marques & models (including less common vehicles) Engine down- & right- sizing Influence ambient TEMP & Relative Humidity (RH) In-service deterioration