Testeo de Conformidad en Servicio Euro VI

Transcription

1 Testeo de Conformidad en Servicio Euro VI La solucion para la performance en emissiones de vehiculos pesados en el mundo real Seminaro Buenos Aires Meinrad Signer Senior Expert in Combustion Engines, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation Consultant 1

2 Overview Motivation and concept Euro VI emission regulation ISC PEMS Real world emissions Comparison US2010 Euro VI 2

3 Motivation Limits from Euro III to Euro V have been reduced by 60%, but in use emissions at lower average cycle speed did not improve much 3

4 Motivation Achieving more strict and lower emission limits have significant costs for the OEM and and therefore the owner of the vehicle Does it make sense to achieve these lower emission values on the engine testbed only and not in real world operation? And then introducing a even more stringent limit, spending more money and achieving zero lower emission in-use Euro VI was meant to brake that circle of money spending without improving the environment. The most important part of the Euro VI framework is the In Service Conformity ISC, asking for compliance under all conditions of use of the vehicle and within the useful life of the engine. ISC for HD truck engines without PEMS would mean to take the engine of the truck and analyse emission performance on a test-bed 4

5 Euro VI Emission compliance framework Source FPT 5

6 Euro Regulations development Heavy duty trucks and buses Source: FPT 6

7 Euro IV VI requirements Source FPT 7

8 Euro VI test procedures: WHTC WHTC World Harmonised Transient Cycle Cold test soak 1. Test 2. Test city suburban motorway 10 min 14% 86% Weighting factor Compliance with emission limits (in particular NOx and PN) Simulating urban, suburban and motorway driving To include cold start Cycle based on analysis of a big number of real driveing cycles world-wide, including dynamics But whatever cycle does not cover the complete engine map Source FPT Source FPT 8

9 Euro VI test procedures: OCE. Off Cycle Emissions NTE Not To Exceed Limit M [Nm] Test: 30% cumulated frequency WNTE - C PS in WHTC Grid-cells 1/ /3 70% rated power / % max power 30% max torque n [rpm] 1/3 5 random points 5 random points 5 random points Cell A, B and C Cell A Cell B Cell C random selected Average NOx Average NOx Average NOx Stepped cycle Aim to achieve a uniform emission map Covering a large part of the engine operating map Defined within the OCE Off Cycle Emission GTR of UN-ECE Random selected points and grid cells analysed Tested at type approval Average PM 9

10 Euro VI test procedures: ISC - PEMS PEMS test method and requirement are described in Regulation (EC) No 582/2011 (EU) No 64/2012 R49 Rev. 6 Testing to be performed by the engine OEM Defined procedure based on statistics for pass/fail Type-Approval 1st ISC Test-Series 18 months after first registration min km Min 3 engines / vehicles per engine family every 2 years km / 5 years km / 6 years km / 7 years up to 5 years after EOP Surveillance and Confirmatory Testing: EU Member States can perform surveillance tests and Type-Approval Authorities can perform confirmatory tests 10

11 ISC PEMS: installation Exhaust flow meter and probe Gas analyser GPS (Location) Environmental conditions Controls (Laptop) EMROAD 11

12 ISC PEMS: conditions, load and trips Conditions of the road testing: Euro VI stage d Ambient Temperature: -7 C up to +38 C Ambient Pressure: 82,5 kpa 1700m Payload: % Duration of road test: 8 times work of WHTC N3 vehicles trip consist of 30% urban, 25% rural and 45% motorway (under discussion) Tests to be performed under normal traffic conditions Start test with engine temp <30 C, start evaluation with engine temp >70 C Inclusion of cold start under discussion in EU Different test routs for different vehicle categories 12

13 ISC PEMS: work based window 13

14 ISC PEMS: Evaluation Evaluation program: EMROAD, developed by JRC (EU Research centre) Evaluates emissions in g/kwh (to be compared to limit) 90% percentile taken (eliminating peaks..) Power threshold for a valid window: 10% of max power Under discussion, the issues are infinite specific values (zero kw close to no load) 50% of windows must be valid Source JRC 14

15 Euro VI ISC PEMS major steps 2004 start research program JRC together with ACEA 27 small, medium and large trucks (Euro IV and V) have been investigated Finalised in regulations 582/2011 and 64/ Euro VI regulation framework published 2013 Euro VI is active WHTC, WHSC NTE OCE ISC PEMS 2016 / 2018 PEMS updating, comitology 5 PEMS PN Comitology 5 EU regulation 2016/

16 Overview Motivation and concept Euro VI emission regulation ISC PEMS Real world emissions Comparison US2010 Euro VI 16

17 In-use NOx emission HD trucks Euro III-VI City driving 17

18 VTT Finland Euro VI Buses (7) in Braunschweig cycle EEV: lowest previous standard* 7 Euro VI buses *MAN EEV not included 18

19 TNO Netherlands: 7 Euro VI trucks 19

20 Emission factors city bus average Source HBEFA 20

21 Emission factors, city bus average g/km Bus type Euro II Euro III Euro V Euro VI NOx Midi 9,47 8,60 6,27 0,42 Standard 12,56 11,21 7,80 0,47 Articulated 15,66 14,11 8,55 0,38 PN Midi 1,33E+14 2,02E+14 3,77E+13 6,47E+10 Standard 1,83E+14 2,77E+14 5,19E+13 8,40E+10 Articulated 2,05E+14 3,11E+14 5,95E+13 9,33E+10 Source HBEFA 21

22 Overview Motivation and concept Euro VI emission regulation ISC PEMS Real world emissions Comparison US2010 Euro VI 22

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27 Back-up 27

28 SCR tampering AdBlue consumption is monitored AdBlue quality is constantly monitored SCR functionality is monitored and controlled(incl. AdBlue/DEF) If AdBlue is frozen and SCR not operational after certain time the vehicle speed reduces to 20km/h Misuse/tampering of SCR-AdBlue/DEF system Optical and acoustical warning with increased intensity First warning when AdBlue/DEF level is lower than 10% First degree of restriction Empty tank (at 2.5% quantity left), quality out of limits 20% torque reduction in complete speed range Second degree of restriction Empty tank, water in the tank, SCR not functioning Max speed of vehicle reduced to 20km/h, beginning after a new start after parking (not during driving)

29 1.00E+14 PM - PN different technologies 1.00E+13 new SCR und PmKat sind auf gleichem Niveau PN #/kwh 1.00E E+11 used 6*10E11 WHTC SCR PmKat DPF SCRT 1.00E E Quelle: ACEA PM mg/kwh Werte im WHTC und WHSC gemessen Source ACEA 29

30 HD PN Euro V Euro VI (influence DPF) >99% PN reduction Source: HBEFA 30

31 Swiss television 2013 Particle number count Ambient near truck Exhaust Euro VI truck

32 Maintenance requirements Euro IV Euro V Euro VI Euro V / VI CNG EGR or SCR EGR / SCR EGR / SCR / DPF (EGR) / 3way Cat Lubricating oil E9, APT CJ-4 (low SAPS) Gas engine oil Fuel Low sulfur diesel AdBlue DEF Standard 2-4% Standard 3-5% Standard 4-7% DPF SCR dosing unit Filter replacement Filter replacement Maintenance after km Filter replacement Breather filter Replacement Replacement Replacement Replacement Engine general standard standard standard Standard Sensors NOx sensor NOx sensor NOx/NH3 sensor Oxigen sensor 32

33 CO2 regulations around the world Source MB 33

34 CO2 regulations, testing Source MB 34

35 Vecto 35

36 EU LD RDE 36

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