Experiences from ethanol buses and fuel station report - Nanyang

Transcription

1 SUPPORTED BY THE EUROPEAN UNION Experiences from ethanol buses and fuel station report - Nanyang March 2010, Nanyang BEST Deliverable No 2.07 Stockholm (SE), BioFuel Region (SE), Rotterdam (NL), Somerset (UK), Brandenburg (DE), Basque Country (ES), Madrid (ES), La Spezia (IT), Nanyang (CH), São Paulo (BR)

2 This report is produced within the European project BEST - Bioethanol for Sustainable Transport. BEST deals with the introduction and market penetration of bioethanol as a vehicle fuel, and the introduction and wider use of flexible fuel vehicles and ethanol cars on the market. Read more at Issued by: Nanyang City, No. 291, Zhongzhou Road, Nanyang City, Henan Province, China, Project leader: Guoying HE, Nanyang City, No. 291, Zhongzhou Road, Nanyang City, Henan Province, China, , kangxinkai@vip.sina.com Authors: Jing ZENG, Shaohong Yang, Xianzhang KONG and Dehua LIU, Tsinghua University and Tianguan Group, Language: English Target groups: European Commission, BEST project partners

3 Project no: TREN/05/FP6EN/S / Project acronym: BEST Project title: BioEthanol for Sustainable Transport Instrument: Integrated Project Thematic Priority: 6.1 Alternative Motor Fuels: BioFuel Cities Report title: Experiences from ethanol buses and fuel station report - Nanyang Deliverable no: 2.07 Version: 1 Lead Participant for the deliverable: Date of delivering to EC, contractual: Date of delivering to EC, actual: Period covered: Revision Approved by Dissemination level: Nanyang February 2009 (M38) March 2010 (M51) X Site coordinator X Wp leader X Evaluation manager X Coordinator Steering Group European Commission X PU Public PP Restricted to other programme participants (including Commission Services) RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including Commission Services) CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including Commission Services) Start date of project: 01/01/2006 Duration: 48 months Project coordinator name: Gustaf Landahl Project coordinator organisation name: City of Stockholm, Environment and Health Administration Stockholm (SE), BioFuel Region (SE), Rotterdam (NL), Somerset (UK), Brandenburg (DE), Basque Country (ES), Madrid (ES), La Spezia (IT), Nanyang (CH), São Paulo (BR)

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5 Table of Content 1. Introduction Ethanol buses supply Obstacles within introducing Scania ethanol buses to Nanyang Supply of Dongfeng ethanol buses Operation of ethanol buses Fuel supply for ethanol buses Incentives Scania bus in Beijing Results of the questionnaires to drivers and passengers Appendix 1 Questionnaire

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7 Summary in English This report is about experience from ethanol buses and fuel station in Nanyang. The demonstration activities of two Dongfeng ethanol buses in Nanyang and one Scania bus in Beijing were introduced. Though met with some obstacles in introducing Scania buses to Nanyang at the beginning of BEST, Nanyang cooperated with Dongfeng Auto company to demonstrate Dongfeng ethanol buses in Nanyang. The progress went on smoothly. Scania China cooperated with Nanyang and Beijing Public Transport Fleet to demonstrate a Scania ethanol bus in Beijing from August to December of Much data and information was collected. It got much attention from the citizens and media in Beijing. The responses from the drivers and passengers show that the ethanol buses are well accepted. The function and performance of the ethanol buses are satisfied. 7

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9 1. Introduction Nanyang is one of the first cities in China to demonstrate and development E10, with demonstration started in June, In October, 2003, all petrol stations in whole Nanyang city completed the shift from supplying petrol into only supplying E10. All the petrol cars and motorcycles (except military and the cars of BEST) in Nanyang are currently using E10. Based on the experience Though Nanyang is a pioneer city in using E10 in China, the demonstration of high blends of fuel ethanol and ethanol bus is new in Nanyang and even China. Nanyang is one of the demonstration cities in EU-funded BEST project, with planed of introducing 4 ethanol buses within BEST project. There are two ethanol buses in operation at Nanyang now, provided by the famous Chinese auto company, Dongfeng Auto Company. Though Nanyang could not demonstrate Scania s ethanol bus in Nanyang due to many reasons, Scania demonstrate one ethanol bus in Beijing with cooperation of Nanyang and Beijing Public Transport Fleet. The purpose of this report is to share the experience of demonstrating ethanol buses in Nanyang and introduce the Scania bus demonstration in Beijing. 9

10 2. Ethanol buses supply There is no ethanol bus in China auto market. However, there are some Chinese auto companies doing researches on ethanol buses and have presented in some conferences and seminars. Scania is an auto company with a long history of producing and selling ethanol buses in Europe and it is one of BEST partners. Therefore, Scania is the first auto company Nanyang aimed to purchase ethanol buses from. 2.1 Obstacles within introducing Scania ethanol buses to Nanyang Nanyang and Scania China have got in touch and communication since the very beginning of BEST in Both of them were very active and positive to introduce Scania buses to Nanyang. Many meetings were held in Nanyang, Zhengzhou or Beijing to discuss the details (Fig 1). Fig 1. Meeting between Nanyang and Scania However, the price of Scania bus is 10 times of the normal bus running in Nanyang. Nanyang could not afford it. A proposal of renting two buses was tabled. The main obstacle was the import and registration procedure. For the renting buses, the importing duty and VAT (about 100 thousand Euros) can not be exempted. Nanyang can not afford 100 thousand Euros/one bus for the duties. Another obstacle is that there is no ignition improver produced in Nanyang. Its price is also high and it is also needed import, which will also face the same problem of duty. And the operator of the buses was very worried about the continuous supply of the ignition improver. So Nanyang had to give up demonstrating Scania bus in Nanyang. In 2008, Scania demonstrated an ethanol bus in Beijing. It will be introduced in detail in the chapter of 6 in report. 2.2 Supply of Dongfeng ethanol buses Dongfeng Auto Company is a famous auto company in China with a long history. Dongfeng has researched on ethanol bus for many years, with cooperation many Tianjin University and other research centers. It has an Ethanol buses research and demonstration base in Shiyan City, Hubei Province, which is about 250 km from Nanyang and where E10 is also used in the city. Dongfeng would like to demonstrate its ethanol buses very well but they faced the problem of fuel supply. After communication, Dongfeng and Nanyang started the cooperation as soon as possible and the progress went on smoothly. The first Dongfeng ethanol bus arrived at Nanyang in December 2007, and the second one arrived at Nanyang in March The cost of each bus is 35,000 Euro. 10

11 3. Operation of ethanol buses The two BEST ethanol buses are the only ethanol buses in Nanyang. The buses are used in the fleet of Tianguan Group, the ethanol plant, to pick up its staff to go to work and home every work day (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3). The line where the buses used is about 15 km (one way), from the resident communities which are in the downtown to the new 300,000 tons/year ethanol plant, which is located in suburb of Nanyang. The stops include Binhe Community, Dongyuan Community, the old ethanol plant and the new ethanol plant. The buses are sometimes used to pick visitors from the airport or rail way station. Fig. 2 Ethanol buses picking up Tianguan Stuff Fig. 3 Ethanol bus on running 11

12 The odometer value was registered by the fleet leader every week. The amount of fuel added to the fuel tank was registered in a notebook by the drivers who drive the buses to be filled. The notebook was prepared by the fleet and put on the bus. Until March 2009, the total mileage of the two buses was about km. The mileage per day for one bus is about 100 km. The total fuel use for the two buses is about L. The average fuel consumption for each bus is about L/100km. Training and maintenance were provided by Dongfeng auto company. Only the trained drivers are qualified to drive the ethanol buses. Two Dongfeng mechanics stayed at Nanyang for technical service and maintenance in the first month. The bus was checked everyday after running required by the Tianguan fleet. In the following months, the buses were checked every week and maintenance every month. 12

13 4. Fuel supply for ethanol buses The Dongfeng ethanol buses use E100 as fuel. No additive is needed. E100 is provided directly from Tianguan Group, the ethanol producer. In China, it takes a long time to apply the authorization of setting up a fuel station. It should be authorized by many related municipal and provincial governments of environment, safety and so on. To promote the BEST progress, a pump was set up near the ethanol plant and fuel (E100) is transported to the pump through pipeline. Fig. 4. E100 pump Fig. 5. Filling the ethanol bus 13

14 5. Incentives The fuel ethanol used in BEST can gain the same incentives as E10, issued in 2001 and The policies and incentives for E10 were described in detail in the Deliverable The main incentives are as follow. 1. The excise of denatured fuel ethanol (5%) is exempted. 2. The value-added tax of denatured fuel ethanol is levied first, and then given back to the ethanol providers. 3. The price of denatured fuel ethanol sold to the fuelling stations is (0.9111*manufacturer's price of 90# gasoline). An allowance of 1373 Chinese Yuan per ton of denatured fuel ethanol is paid to the ethanol provider. Nanyang applied for more incentives for high blending of fuel ethanol (E85 and E100). But the central government did not provide any more incentives due to many reasons, including the debate on biofuel vs food safety and that the high blending fuel ethanol is not the emphasis of biofuel development in China now. Because of the strict custom policy in China, Nanyang did not get the exemption of import duty and VAT for Scania ethanol buses. 14

15 6. Scania bus in Beijing Scania China cooperated with Nanyang and Beijing Public Transport Fleet to demonstrate one ethanol bus in Beijing in The ethanol bus was showed at BusWorld Asia Exhibition in Shanghai in March 2007, stayed at the Free Trade Zone for several months. Scania dealt with the procedure to keep the bus in China for one more year. The ethanol bus was operated and demonstrated by the Fleet 7, 2 nd Bus Operation Company, Beijing Public Transport, with a temporary licence plate. During the demonstration, Scania was responsible for the daily maintenance and provide the ignition improver. Nanyang was responsible for blending and providing the fuel (E95). The E95 is transported by truck from Nanyang to Beijing. The data was collected by the bus fleet. Outside the bus, BEST logo is printed and ethanol as fuel is indicated. Inside the bus, there is an introduction of fuel ethanol and the ethanol buses. The demonstration was started in August 2008 first in the bus route of 654 (Fig. 6). It started from Chengwaicheng and ended at Fengtailukou (Fig 7). The line is about 22 km with 25 stops. It was run 3 rounds every day. Fig. 6. Scania bus running in the bus route of 654 Fig. 7. The detailed line and stops of the Scania bus in 654 From October, the ethanol bus was run in the bus route of 25, which goes through more important places of Beijing, including the Temple of heaven, Dongdan and Beijing railway station (Fig. 8 and Fig. 9). The line is about 29 km. It was run 4 rounds every day. 15

16 Fig. 8. Scania bus running in the bus route of 25 Fig. 9. The detailed line and stops of the Scania bus in 25 Because of the problem of temporary licence plate etc, the demonstration was stopped at the end of During the demonstration, the bus was sometimes stopped running because of the transport of the fuel, especially during the Olympic, when the dangerous liquid transport was strictly controlled. During the demonstration, passengers were transported. The total running distance was 5725 km. The fuel consumption was 3862 L, with average fuel consumption of 67.5 L/100km. The driver and passengers were very satisfied with the safety, power, operation and comfortableness of the bus. Except the normal maintenance, no other trouble or problems affected the running of the bus. The ethanol bus got much attention from the citizens and media. When running on the street, it was usually taken photos by some citizens and media. After the demonstration, a detailed report was submitted to related governments in order to attract officials attentions and affect their decision making about new energy buses. 16

17 7. Results of the questionnaires to drivers and passengers The Questionnaire for bus drivers of ethanol buses was translated into Chinese and distributed to the ethanol bus drivers in Nanyang. According to the results, 60% of drivers think it is very good (20% good, 20% neither/nor) that the authorities to get some experience with vehicles using alternatively fuelled engines; 70% do not think (30% don t know) that ethanol buses represent additional risk in comparison to standard diesel buses. Most the drivers think the ethanol buses are equal with conventional diesel buses. The questionnaire was also answered by the bus driver in Beijing who drove the Scania bus. He was very satisfied with the function and performance of the bus. The questionnaire for passenger was co-produced by Scania China and Tsinghua University and distributed in Beijing. The survey was operated by Scania and Beijing Public Transport fleet. Totally 50 questionnaires were received. Most of the passengers were satisfied with the ethanol bus s performances of starting (98%), acceleration (98%), shock absorption (76%), climbing ramp (74%), braking (82%), etc. Most of the passengers were impressed and satisfied with the design and environment of the bus. 98% of the responders showed their interest to take the bus again. 17

18 Appendix 1 Questionnaire 18

19 斯堪尼亚乙醇公交车乘客调查问卷 尊敬的乘客, 您好! 您现在乘坐的是一辆来自瑞典的斯堪尼亚乙醇公交车, 请您协助我们完成下列调查, 谢谢! 请从下面问题中选择答案 您的性别 男 女 您的年龄? 20 岁以下 岁 岁 岁 岁 岁 70 岁以上 您当前的职业状况 全职工作 家庭主妇 兼职工作 无业 个体经营 退休 学习 病休 您了解哪些类型的汽车燃料? 汽油 天然气 柴油 沼气 生物柴油 燃料乙醇 电力 请选择 是 或者 否 是否 您平时乘坐公交车上班吗? 您关注过你平时乘坐的公交车使用的是什么燃料吗? 您知道你现在乘坐的这辆公交车使用的是乙醇燃料吗? 您是否支持政府示范运行新型燃料的公交车? 您关注全球气候变暖吗? 您是否知道使用乙醇等生物燃料可以有效降低二氧化碳排放? 你认为乙醇燃料是清洁燃料吗? 你认为是用乙醇燃料安全吗? 您家有汽车吗? 您有朋友在开乙醇燃料的汽车吗? 您驾驶过使用乙醇燃料的汽车吗? 你会向别人推荐乙醇汽车吗?

20 乘坐这辆斯堪尼亚乙醇公交车的感受 ( 请选择答案 ) 1. 车辆外观是否吸引您的注意? 1 是的, 它很特别, 非常吸引我的注意 ; 2 不喜欢 ; 3 无所谓 ; 2. 车辆设计是否方便您的进出? 1 方便 ; 2 不方便 ; 3 一般, 和其他车辆没有区别 ; 3. 对乘车环境您如何评价? 1 总体感觉很豪华 ; 2 总体感觉很舒适 ; 3 总体感觉很实用 ; 4 座椅很舒服 ; 5 站立区设计合理 ; 6 轮椅上下方便 ; 7 车内温度适宜 ; 8 噪音低 ; 9 有安全感 ; 10 没什么, 和其他公交车没有太大区别 ; 4. 对车辆行驶性能您如何评价? 1 起步平稳, 加速性能不错 ; 2 行驶平顺 ; 3 过立交桥时不费力 ; 4 减震不错 ; 5 拐弯时侧倾不大 ; 6 刹车平稳 ; 7 没什么, 和其他公交车没有太大区别 ; 5. 您觉得这辆乙醇公交车能否满足您出行的要求? 1 能够满足 ; 2 不能满足 ; 3 无所谓 ; 6. 您还愿意继续乘坐这辆乙醇公交车吗? 1 愿意 ; 2 不愿意 ; 3 无所谓 ; 非常感谢您的支持和参与!