COMPOSITEs MATERIALS: TEST THEIR QUALITY WITH SGS

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Elmer Berry
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1 COMPOSITEs MATERIALS: TEST THEIR QUALITY WITH SGS Composites are undergoing rapid development, especially in helping to make industrial parts lighter. In this context, SGS is offering its expertise to define the features of Organic Matrix Composite materials (OMC) reinforced with fibers (carbons, glass, flax, etc.) for transport markets (automotive, aeronautical and space, rail, sea), sport and leisure, the building industry, defence and energy.

cold and humid conditions chambers with rapid temperature variations (up to 20 C/min in a climb without sample) thermal shocks MECHANICAL CHARACTERIzATIONS Expertise in the preparation of samples:

2 CLIMATIC AGEING Characterization tests may be combined with climatic ageing tests. Indeed, SGS has one hundred or so climate chambers with temperatures ranging from -85 C to 300 C and humidity from 10 to 100%, with up to 84 m 3 of floor area: ovens chambers with programmable hot, cold and humid conditions chambers with rapid temperature variations (up to 20 C/min in a climb without sample) thermal shocks MECHANICAL CHARACTERIzATIONS Expertise in the preparation of samples: specific machining of samples bonding of gauges bonding of tabs In order to characterise your materials, the SGS laboratories have several machines: 4 machines (1 x 50 kn machine, 2 x 10 kn machines, 1 x 0.5 kn machine), 2 of which are fitted with climate chambers (ranging from -40 to 150 C) 1 new 250 kn machine with a thermal chamber (ranging from -80 C to 350 C), an alignment system meeting NADCAP requirements, a latest generation video extensometer and the tools required to carry out the following tests: tensile compression 3 and 4 point bending flat and interlaminar shearing climbing drum peel test strain energy Type of tests Tensile ISO527-4 et -5 ASTM D3039 NFEN 2561 NFEN 2597 Tensile, filled hole ASTM D6742 Tensile, open hole ASTM D5766 Tensile, sandwich panel ASTM C297 Compression ISO604 ASTM D695 Compression, filled hole Compression, open hole Compression after impact (CAI) End loading and ITTRI compression CLC compression ASTM D6742 ASTM D6484 ASTM D7137 ISO14126 ASTM D3410 ASTM D and 4 point bending ISO14125 NFEN2562 ASTM D790 RLT D Flat and interlaminar shearing Climbing drum peel test G1C fracture toughness energy Mixed mode fracture toughness energy ISO14130 NFEN2563 ASTM D2344 ASTMD1781 EN EN6033 ASTM D5528 ASTM D6671

THERMAL ANALYSES Several thermal analyses devices have been set up within the laboratory: TGA: Thermogravimetric Analyser with a range of 23 C to 1000 C and including two weighing fields of 0 to

3 THERMAL ANALYSES Several thermal analyses devices have been set up within the laboratory: TGA: Thermogravimetric Analyser with a range of 23 C to 1000 C and including two weighing fields of 0 to 200mg and 0 to 1g. The TGA helps to determine: the degradation temperatures of a polymer the kinetics of decomposition in an inert or oxidative atmosphere the volatile matter, additive, polymer and fillers contents in a material TMA: Thermomechanical Analyser with a range of -150 C to 1000 C and including penetration or expansion probes. The TMA enables measurement of: the changes in dimensions of a material under constant stress the linear thermal expansion coefficients (LTEC) glass and other transition temperatures delamination times DMA: Dynamic mechanical analyser ranging from -150 C to 500 C, frequencies of 0.01 to 200Hz and force up to 18N. The DMA enables measurement of: the elasticity modulus, the loss modulus and the damping factor according to the frequency and/or the temperature the glass transition temperature of a polymer HDT: Heat deflection temperature under load. VICAT softening temperature. MFI: Melt flow index. Type of tests test methods TGA ISO ASTM E1131 ASTM D3850 TMA ISO ASTM E831 ASTM E1545 DMA PrEN6032 ASTM E1640 ASTM D7028 ASTM D4065 ISO NFEN61006 DSC ISO HDT ISO 75 VICAT ISO 306 ASTM D1525 FCA MFI ISO 1133 ASTM D1238 FIAT FORD WSKM- 4D732A1 DSC: Differential scanning calorimeter ranging from -180 C to 550 C and enabling determination of: glass, melting and crystallisation transition temperatures the crystallinity rate through measurement of enthalpy of fusion the polymerisation rate through measurement of enthalpy of reaction oxydation induction time (dynamic OIT) specific heat capacity PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSES Numerous physico-chemical analyses: Type of tests Density of plastics: immersion method Volume or mass content of fibers and resin Void content Fiber and resin content, mass per unit area of prepregs Determination of glass fiber content - calcination method TEST METHODS ISO ASTM D792 NFEN2564 ASTM D3171 NFEN2559 ASTM D3529 NFEN2557 NFEN2331 ISO1172 Volatile matter content NFEN 2558 ASTM D3530 Barcol hardness Humidity absorption ASTM D2583 NF T NFEN2378 PrEN3615 MICROSCOPE IMAGE ANALYSES SGS provides its expertise in microscopic inspections: Pore size and content Examination of the structure of composite materials Particle counting Dimensional measurements

MATERIAL EMISSION TESTS: VOC, SENSORY AND FOGGING ANALYSIS (COFRAC ACCREDITED) Olfactory sensory analysis The SGS sensory laboratory has an air-conditioned assessment room with eight dimensioning

The studies cover two areas: odour intensity assessment identification of the nature of the odour The assessments may be carried out on materials or parts, in vials or in bags.

4 MATERIAL EMISSION TESTS: VOC, SENSORY AND FOGGING ANALYSIS (COFRAC ACCREDITED) Olfactory sensory analysis The SGS sensory laboratory has an air-conditioned assessment room with eight dimensioning cabins and an independent preparation room. The sensory assessment is carried out by five trained and qualified panellists, whose performance and aptitude are regularly tested. The studies cover two areas: odour intensity assessment identification of the nature of the odour The assessments may be carried out on materials or parts, in vials or in bags. Type of tests Odour intensity test on materials ASTM D4339 ISO 5495 PSA D intensity section VDA 270 Volkswagen PV 3900 SAE J1351 Saab STD 1060 Daimler DBL Mitsubishi ESX Volvo STD 1027,2712 Ford BO GM/Opel GME ISO Identification of the nature of the odour Renault D through olfactory training on materials PSA D section describing redhibitory factors Toyota TS M0505G Analysis on whole parts Renault D Volatile matter content NFEN 2558 ASTM D3530 TEDLAR bag analysis Honda 8320Z-56D-E0/0-M Nissan M0160 Fogging The aim of the fogging tests is to determine, under the effect of a high temperature, the quantity of volatile products released by the various materials contained in the passenger compartment of a vehicle (the quantity that condenses on the inside of the windscreen). The assessments are made through: measurement of the gloss of the condensate weighing the condensate (gravimetry) measurement of the transparency (or haze) of the fogging The SGS fogging laboratory is able to carry out these tests for all car manufacturers. MANUFACTURERS RENAULT PSA D D INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS DIN (A or B) SAEJ1756 EN ISO6452 FORD BO MA 0019 GENERAL MOTORS OPEL GME GMW 3235 GM9305P VOLKSWAGEN VW VW PV 3015 PV 3920 VOLVO VCS 1027,2719 STD 1027,2711 STD TOYOTA TSM0503G NISSAN M0161 HYUNDAI HYUNDAI HONDA HESD6508

The analyses of emissions produced by finished parts are carried out by taking air samples whilst the items are being packaged in test chambers such as the VCE1000 (1 m3) or SERCOV (50.9 L).

5 VOC - VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Volatile organic compounds have a direct effect on health. Several standards representing the air quality have been set up to qualify and quantify the presence of these VOCs. The analyses of emissions produced by finished parts are carried out by taking air samples whilst the items are being packaged in test chambers such as the VCE1000 (1 m3) or SERCOV (50.9 L). The latter emission chamber is mainly required for carrying out the conditioning described in standard ISO and recommended for the application of decree of 23 March 2011: Labelling of building products, wall or floor coating products and paints and varnishes on their volatile pollutant emissions. SGS also has 2 emission micro-chambers. Samples are collected on TENAX tubes for analysis of the VOCs or on DNPH cartridges for analysis of aldehydes and ketones. Volatile organic compound analyses may be carried out directly on the material or through gas sampling. The BTEXS aromatic hydrocarbons, Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylene and Styrene, and all the VOCs are monitored particularly using gas chromatography (GC/MS or GC/FID). It is also important to monitor formaldehyde, used amongst other things in the manufacture of paints, adhesives, varnishes and maintenance products, as well as in the textile, leather and furnishing industries, in order to limit its spread to the inside of buildings and vehicle passenger compartments. It is possible to quantify its presence in a material using the high performance liquid phase chromatography technique to detect it. 4-tert-Butylbenzoic acid (TBBA) is a carboxylic acid. It in used in the plastics industry as an additive to stabilise PVC and resins. This analysis is carried out using GC-MS. TYPE Of TESTS VOC analysis on parts Renault CDC Total carbon mass concentration VDA 276 measurement Toluene equivalent measurement of total Renault D VOCs and BTEXS measurement Measurement of aldehydes and ketones Renault D using HPLC Volatile matter content NFEN 2558 ASTM D3530 VOC analysis on materials VDA 277 VDA 278 PSA Volkswagen PV 3341 Ford BZ GM/Opel GMW GM/Opel GMW8081 Mitsubishi ESW83252 Renault D Volvo STD 1027, 2714 Volvo STD Volvo VCS 1027, 2749 DaimlerChrysler PB VWL 709 Nissan M0402 Toyota TSM0508G Suzuki SESN2403 Isuzu ISCF00001 ISO Formaldehyde Renault D PSA D Volkswagen PV 3925 GM/Opel GME60271 GM/Opel GMW15635 Fiat 7-G2090 Volvo STD 1027,2713 Volvo VCS 1027,2739 Volvo STD ISO ISOTS17226 VDA 275 Building product emissions' analysis: - Conditioning in chamber (1m3 or 50.9L) - VOC analysis using GC/MS - Aldehyde and ketone analysis using HPLC Decree of 23 march 2011: - ISO ISO ISO CONTACT AUTOMOTIVE OEMs AGREEMENTS COFRAC accredited test laboratory (ISO 17025) Accreditations N & Scope available at CIR approval (R&D tax credit) COFRAC is widely recognised via the ILAC agreements (International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation www. ilac.org) Tel.: fr.contact.sercovam@sgs.com -

Annex to the Accreditation Certificate D-PL according to DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005

Deutsche Akkreditierungsstelle GmbH Annex to the Accreditation Certificate D-PL-19722-01-00 according to DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005 Holder of certificate: Institut für Lacke und Farben Magdeburg ggmbh Fichtestraße