Hari Shankar Singhania Elastomer & Tyre Research Institute, HASETRI, Plot No. 437, R&D Center, Hebbal Industrial Area, Mysuru, Karnataka

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1 Page 1 of 11 CHEMICAL TESTING I. RUBBER AND RUBBER PRODUCTS 1. Polymer/ Elastomeric materials 2. Fillers Heat Loss of carbon black Ash content ASTM D % ISO 247 Dirt Content ASTM D % ASTM D1278 ISO 249 Volatile content ASTM D % ISO 248 Part 2 ISO 248 Part 1 Mooney Viscosity ASTM D MU Oil Content of SBR ASTM D % Metal content ASTM D % ISO N2 content ASTM D % ISO 1656 ISO19051 Organic acid ASTM D % ISO 7781 Soaps ASTM D % ISO 7781 Micro structure (cis, IS (Part 4) 5-100% trans and vinyl content) Glass Transition ASTM D7426 / E to 200 C Temperature, Tg ISO Microstructure of SBR ISO Styrene: 0-50% Vinyl: 5-100% Molecular weight ASTM D X 10 3 to 2.70 X 10 6 ASTM D % ISO 1126

2 Page 2 of 11 Ash content ASTM D % ISO 1125 Sieve Residue ASTM D % ISO 1437 ph of C-Black ASTM D Toluene Extractable ASTM D % ISO 6209 Iodine No. ASTM D ISO 1304 Surface Area ASTM D m 2 /gm ISO Toluene discoloration ASTM D % ISO 3858 DBP Absorption ASTM D cc/100gm ISO 4656 ph of Silica ASTM D Heat loss of silica ASTM D % SiO2 content ASTM D % Pour density ASTM D Tint strength ASTM D ISO 5435 Sulfur content ASTM D % ISO 1138 Loss on Ignition & Ash ASTM D % 3. Oils Specific Gravity ASTM D Aniline point ASTM D C Viscosity Gravity ASTM D2501 VGC: Constant, VGC API gravity ASTM D Pour point ASTM D97-10 C and above Clay-gel analysis ASTM D2007 Polars: 1-20% Saturates: 1-99% Asphalts: 0.1-1%

3 Page 3 of Rubber Chemicals (ZnO, Resins, Antioxidant, Antiozonant, Wax, Accelerator, Sulfur) Carbon type analysis IS C A : 2-40% C P : 40-70% C N : 10-30% Glass Transition ISO C to 30 C Temperature, Tg Policylic Aromatic IP 346 up to 100% Content, PCA content Heat loss Solubility ASTM D4571 ISO Cl 6.2 ISO11235-Cl8.0 ASTM D1766 ISO ZnO content ASTM 4315 ISO 9298 Annex A Melting point ASTM D1519 ISO Cl6.5 ISO Cl7.0 Softening point Sieve residue ASTM E28 ISO Cl6.7 ASTM D5461 ISO ISO Cl % % 1-100% C C % Metal content SOP No: 32-WI % Ash content ASTM D4574 ISO Cl6.9 ISO Cl % ph ASTM D4613 ISO Cl6.4 Oil content (sulphur) ASTM D4573 ISO 8332-Cl6.0 Assay of accelerator ASTM D ISO Cl5.0 Free MBT ASTM D5044 ISO Cl % % 0-5%

4 Page 4 of 11 Acidity ASTM D % ISO 8332-Cl11.0 High temp stability IS % (insoluble sulphur) ISO 8332 Congealing point (wax) ASTM D C ISO Cl6.6 Sulphur content ASTM D % ISO 8332-Cl4.0 Assay MBT ASTM D % ISO Cl Latex (Synthetic) ph ASTM D Total solid ASTM D % Mooney Viscosity ASTM D Reinforcing Finish oil content ASTM D % materials (Organic Melting point ASTM E C and inorganic Crystallinity - organic ASTM E % cords) cord(dsc) Coating weight (Steel ASTM D gm/kg and Bead wire) Composition of coating of inorganic cord ASTM D2969 Cu.Zn and Sn: 0.1 to 100% Dip Pick-up ASTM D4963/D4963M 1-15% 7. Finished Rubber Sp. Gr ASTM D Products/ Identification Polymer ASTM D3677 Qualitative Composites ISO 4650 Determination of blend ASTM D % ratio ISO Comp analysis : Polymer ASTM D6370 ISO ISO , ISO %

5 Page 5 of 11 Comp analysis : C- Black Comp analysis : Ash ASTM D6370 ISO ISO ISO ASTM D6370 ISO ISO ISO ASTM D % % Comp analysis : % Extractable ISO 1407 Comp analysis : Sulphur ASTM D % Swell Index ASTM D SiO2 content ASTM D % HCl soluble ash content ASTM D % HCl insoluble ash content Glass Transition Temperature, Tg Metal content ASTM D % ASTM D7426 / E1356 ISO ASTM D2969 ISO C - 50 C % II. SOLID FUELS 1. Coal Calorific value IS 1350 (part-ii) Moisture IS 1350 (part-i) % Volatile matter IS 1350 (part-i) % Fixed carbon IS 1350 (part-i) 1-90% Sulphur content ASTM D % Ash content IS 1350 (part-i) %

6 Page 6 of 11 MECHANICAL TESTING I. RUBBER AND RUBBER PRODUCTS 1. Reinforcing Material (Organic Cords) 2. Reinforcing Material (Inorganic Cords- Steel & Bead Wire) Stress-Strain ASTM D 885 BS : 3 N to 1000 N EB : 1 % to 50 % PLE: 0.2 % to 30 % Twist of Tyre Cords ASTM D tpm to 500 tpm Linear Density ASTM D Denier to 6000 Denier Gauge ASTM D mm to 10 mm H-Pull Adhesion ASTM D N to 550 N Shrinkage ASTM D % to 10 % Rubber to Fabric 180 Peel Adhesion ASTM D N/mm to 36.3 N/mm (1 lbf/in to 200 lbf/in) Stress-Strain ASTM D2969 BS: 100 N to 5000 N EB: 1 % to 9 % Linear Density 2.0 g/m to 20g/m Gauge 0.40 mm to 4.0mm Stress-Strain ASTM D4975 BS: 10 kg to 700 kg EB: 1 % to 9 % Linear Density 1.5 g/m to 30 g/m Gauge 0.40 mm to 4.0 mm T-Pull Adhesion ASTM D N to 4000 N Bead Wire Adhesion ASTM D N to 3000 N Torsion Test for Bead ASTM D Turns to 100 Turns Wire Reverse Bending Test for Bead Wire IS Bends to 50 Bends

7 Page 7 of Finished Rubber Products Including Composites 4. Gum and Filled Elastomeric Compound Stress Strain ASTM D412 ISO 37 Tear Strength ASTM D 624 (Type C) ISO 34 (Method B) Thickness ASTM D3767 ISO 4648 Hardness ISO 7619 ASTM D2240 ISO 48 ASTM D1415 Abrasion Loss ASTM D5963 ISO 4649 Heat Build Up ASTM D623 ISO Tension Set ASTM D412 ISO 2285 Determination of ASTM D5992 Dynamic Mechanical ISO 4664 Properties of Visco elastic Materials (tan d) Curing Behavior ASTM D5289 ISO 6502 Mooney Viscosity(MV), Delta Mooney (DM), Cure Index(CI) ASTM D1646, ASTM D3346 ISO 289 M 300 & T.S. 1 Mpa to 50 Mpa EB: 50 % to 1000 % 10 N/mm to 550 N/mm 1 mm to 12.5 mm 30 Sh A to 95 Sh A 35 IRHD to 90 IRHD g to 100 g 1 C to 100 C 5 % to 100 % tan d : 0.01 to 0.98 MH: Nmm to 5649 Nmm (0.5 lbin to 50 lbin) ML: Nmm to Nmm (0.5 lbin to 10 lbin) ts2: 0.5 min to 25 min tc90: 0.5 min to 50 min MV: 20 MU to 200 MU DM: 20 MU to 200 MU CI: 1 min to 50 min

8 Page 8 of Cured Elastomeric Compound Scorch Safety ASTM D min to 50 min Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Raw & Compounded Rubber using Rotorless Shear Rheometers ASTM D Nmm to 5649 Nmm (0.5 lbin to 50 lbin) Stress-Strain ASTM D412 ISO 37 M 300 & T.S. 1 Mpa to 30 MPa EB: 50 % to 1000 % Tear Strength ASTM D624 (Type C) 10 N/mm to 550 N/mm ISO 34 (Method B) Thickness ASTM D mm to 12.5 mm ISO 4648 Hardness ISO 7619, ASTM D2240 ISO Sh A to 95 Sh A 35 IRHD to 90 IRHD ASTM D1415 Abrasion Loss ASTM D g to 100 g ISO 4649 Heat Build Up ASTM D623 1 C to 100 C ISO Fatigue to Failure Test ASTM D4482 Qualitative Tension Set ASTM D412 5 % to 100 % ISO 2285 Accelerated Ageing (% retention of Mechanical Properties) ASTM D865 ISO to 100 % Degradation by Ozone Determination of Dynamic Mechanical Properties (tan d) ASTM D1149 ASTM D1171 ISO ASTM D5992 ISO 4664 Qualitative tan d : 0.01 to 0.98

9 Page 9 of Finished Rubber Products: Automobile tyres Determination of ASTM D IRHD to 90 IRHD hardness (IRHD) ISO 48 Determination of ISO % to 80 % Rebound Resilience Determination of Density ISO to Determination of Stress- ISO MPa to 660 MPa Strain: Compression Mode Determination of Air Permeability ISO X to 1.0 X m 2 /Pa sec Determination of Stress ISO % to 60 % Relaxation Determination of Creep ISO % to 60 % in Compression Determination of Stress ISO % to 60 % relaxation on compression at ambient & elevated temperature Determination of Compression ambient and elevated temperature ISO815-Part I 5 % to 90 % Dimension IS Outer Diameter (OD) IS OD: 400 mm to IS mm Sectional width (SW) AIS 044 (Part I ) SW: 100 mm to 450 mm Tread Arc Width (TAW) AIS 044 (Part II) TAW: 80 mm to 500 mm Non Skid Depth (NSD) E/ECE/324 Regulation 30 NSD: 5 mm to 40 mm Shoulder over all E/ECE/324 SOD: Diameter (SOD) Regulation mm to 1500 mm FMVSS 119, FMVSS 109,FMVSS 139 ASTM F1502 ISO 10191, ISO 10454,

10 Page 10 of 11 Breaking Strength (Plunger) Endurance in Pulley Wheel Tyre Stiffness Force: Sx, Sy, Sz, Tyre Footprint Analysis SAE-J2704, ASTM F-870 Bead Unseating Force IS IS IS AIS 044 (Part 1 AIS 044 (Part 2) FMVSS 119, FMVSS 109,FMVSS 139, ASTM F414, SAE 918c ISO 10191, ISO IS IS IS15627 AIS 044 (Part 1 ) AIS 044 (Part 2 ) FMVSS 119, FMVSS 109,FMVSS 139, E/ECE/324 Regulation 30, SAE 918c ISO 10191, ISO SAE-J2704, SAE-J2718, AIS-044 (Part 2 ), AIS 044 (Part 1) IS 15633, SAE-J918c, AIS 044 (Part 2 ), FMVSS-109, SAE 918c ISO Rolling Resistance SAE-J1269, ISO 18164, ISO Qualitative Test Qualitative Test 10 N to 100,000 N Qualitative Test Qualitative Test 10 N to 750 N

11 Page 11 of 11 Air Retention Test ASTM F % to 100 % loss per month Electrical Resistance ASTM D1971 ISO MΩ to 2000 MΩ

5.7.1 Carbon Black in Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Recipe and Evaluation Procedure (D 3191) and Carbon Black Evaluation in Natural Rubber (D 3192)

5.7.1 Carbon Black in Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Recipe and Evaluation Procedure (D 3191) and Carbon Black Evaluation in Natural Rubber (D 3192) Table of Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 History 1.2 ASTM D11 Standards 1.3 Purpose 1.4 Economic Savings for Users and Producers Through Test Method Rationalization 1.5 Importance of Quality 1.6 Standard Target