Shyam Enterprises 5 HEAT EXCHANGERS

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Malcolm Phelps
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1 Shyam Enterprises HEAT EXCHANGERS 33

2 Heat Exchangers Introuction The overall heat transfer coefficient of borosilicate glass equipment compare favourably with many alternative process plant construction materials. This is because the smooth surfaces of the glass improve the film coefficient an reuce the tenency for fouling. Two basic types of glass heat exchanger are escribe in this chapter, Coil type an Shell an Tube type. Shell an tube type heat exchangers are available with glass or Mil (MS) Shells in combination with glass tube as stanar. The shell, en bonnets can be supplie in other material of construction eg, CS, SS, PTFE line, FRP, glass line etc, epening on the process conition. The tube can also be supplie in Silicon Carbie. Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger consists of a cylinrical shell which uses a glass tube bunle. Tubes are fixe in the tube sheet. Each tube is iniviually seale by PTFE 'O' ring in the tube sheet at both ens. Following are the avantage of using Shell & Tube heat exchangers : arger Heat Transfer Area in single unit ow pressure rop Coil Type Heat Exchanger Heat Exchangers are use for conensation of vapours or cooling of gas or liquis. Heat Exchangers are mae by fusing number of parallel coils in a glass shell. Coils are mae in ifferent iameters using tube of ifferent bores. Coil Heat Exchangers are normally installe in vertical position were the space is a constraint, this Heat Exchangers can be installe in horizontal position also. Precautions : When connecting coiltype conensers to the coolant supply flexible hose or PTFE bellow shoul be use which ensures that stresses are not transmitte to the glass. Coolant control valves shoul always be turne on an off slowly particularly when air is present in the line. Coolant shoul be allowe to rain freely to a point as close as practicable to the heat exchanger. Care shoul be taken in arranging the coolant supply in orer that wate haer is avoie. A uniform continuous supply of coolant shoul be ensure. Brine or other coolants in close circuit can be use as coolant provie that suitable preceutions against water haer are taken. Heat Exchangers can be mounte in series to provie larger surface areas. The maximum pressure in the coil.7. The maximum ifferential pressure across the coils.7 bar. Easy Tube Replacement. Vent Tube can be Plugge in case of Breakage. coil type heat exchangers are available as conensers, boilers or iersion type units with heat transfer areas up to 8m. There are no internal sealing problems as the coil is wele to the shell making a one piece unit. Outlet Coolant Globe Pressure Guage Ball Flexible Both types of heat exchangers are available in a wie range of nominal bores an are totally compatible with the other glass process plant an pipeline components escribe in the other chapters of this catalogue. To return heaer Inlet Coolant Flexible heat exchangers have stanar flat buttress en connection (with the exception of service connections on some smaller units). Further etails of these are provie in chapter 1 Technical Information. Typical Heat Exchanger Arrangement refers to the nominal bore. Unless otherwise state, all imensions are given in. Outlet Coolant Pressure Guage Flexible In Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger Multipass (up to passtube sie) can be supplie request. Globe Ball Inlet Coolant Flexible 3 Typical Heat Exchanger Arrangement (Direct Connection to Water)

3 Coil Type Heat Exchangers TO TO Catalogue Reference /0. /0.3 /0.3 /0. /0.6 / /1. Heat transfer area 1 1 Weight empty Weight with coils full (water) Shell capacity ltr Catalogue Reference /. /. /.0 /6.0 /8.0 Heat transfer area 1 1 Weight empty Weight with coils full (water) Shell capacity tr Prouct Coolers F prouct coolers are general purpose coolers use, typically, for the cooling of proucts from istillation columns. The coolers are connecte irectly to the prouct outlet of the column by means of 1. The prouct then flows from the top to the bottom of the unit through the coil battery across which the cooling water flows counter currently from bottom to top in Shell. For connection of the cooling water inlet an outlets, we recoen the use of hose connections 1 1 Cat. Ref. F /0.1 F /0. F /0.3 F /0. F /0.6 F / Heat transfer F TO 1 F TO The maximum pressure in the coils is.7 The maximum ifferential pressure across the coils is.7 3

4 Heat Exchangers Boilers Boilers are use for vapourization of liquis by passing the steam in the coils. Boilers mae by fusing number of parallel coils in a glass shell. Flexible hoses must be use on the coil inlet an outlet. To avoi the possibility of steam haer, the steam main shoul be aequately trappe. To clear the line of the very heavy conensate flow prouce on startup bypass valves must be installe aroun the trap on the coil outlet. Coil type boilers shoul not be fitte at the bottom of flasks or columns. They are esigne to be mounte on an external circulatory loop, this ensures a rapi uni irectional flow across the heating surfaces which im proves the heat transfer performance. The steam pressure shoul always be aequate enough to ensure effective an smooth conensate removal. This pressure will vary accoring to conitions of use an size of heat exchangerfor example, with the B an B, a minimum pressure of will probably be require. On startup, the steam shoul be amitte positively an progressively to the coil battery to remove the conensate as it is forme an with the bypass valve left open until a uniform flow of conensate is being vente. Depening upon the overall operating conitions, the use of boilers uner high vacuum is not always recoene. Pressure Gauge Pressure Regulating Control ByPass Pressure Gauge Steam Steam Typical Boiler arrangement FloatType Steam Trap an Strainer 1 Type B, B AND B glass coiltype boiler are normally mounte in external circulatory loops using a spherical vessel as the main still, They shoul not be installe in the bottom of a flask or column. 1 The other types of glass coiltype boilers etaile on this page are again mounte in circulatory loops but as their nominal bore is same at the top an bottom, these units can, uner certain circumstances, be installe one above the other to achieve multiples of the basic heat transfer area. The maximum pressure in the coils is 3.0. The maximum ifferential pressure across the coils is 3.0 bar 1 Type A 3 Type B Catalogue Reference B /0.1 B /0.1 B /0. B /0. B /1. B /1. B / Type A B A B A B B Heat transfer area Weight empty Coil capacity tr

5 Iersion Heat Exchangers Iersion heat exchangers are use to control exothermic reactions in glass vessels. In most applications, cooling water is use in the coils, but they can also be use with steam. In the latter case the coils must always be completely ierse in the liqui. The M has a central hole through the coil battery so that an extene type stirrer shaft can be fitte. This extens to the bottom of the heat exchanger an provies a through mixing action These heat exchangers are not recoene for use with proucts which have tenency to crystallise. The maximum pressure in the coils is 3.0 bar. g. The maximum ifferential pressure across the coils is 3.0 bar Catalogue reference M Heat transfer area Shell & Tubes HEM 1 M Shell an tube heat exchangers are particularly suitable for application where large heat transfer areas are require in relatively confine spaces : Two basic versions are available : Single pass Multi pass (tube sie) Both versions are available with glass or mil steel shells in combination with glass tubes as stanar. Consequently, there are three basic moels. SERGG SERGM SERMG M / En Cat.Ref Shells Fittings Tubes M / Number of passes 1 1 to 1 When orering a shell an tube heat exchanger, the stanar catalogue reference is suffixe with the iameter (in.) an heat transfer are (in metres square) require. For example SERMG /1. Shell an tube heat exchangers can be supplie in wie variety of shell fittings combinations of glass, exotic metals an fluroplastics to special orer. Details of these will be suppliec on request. Shell an tube heat exchangers are esigne for horizontal installation but can be supplie for vertical installation to special orer. All shell & tube heat exchange are constructe with 13 OD an 1. (min) thick glass tubes. These tubes are arrange in triangular pitch of 1. Baffles (30% cut) are provie at a istance approximately equal to inner iameter of shell. Generelly PTFE Baffles are use in glass shell an PP Baffles in non glass shell. Tube sheets are mae of PTFE. Tubes having 1 OD or 18 OD can be also supplie upon request. Square Pitch can be also provie Instea of Triangular Pitch upon request. Each shell & Tube Heat Exchanger is supplie with the following spare parts : : 3 PTFE plugs, 1 key, tubes. 3 PTFE bushes, 3 PTFE 'O' rings. : PTFE plugs, 1 key, tubes. PTFE bushes, PTFE 'O' rings. : 6 PTFE plugs, 1 key, tubes. 6 PTFE bushes, 6 PTFE 'O' rings. : 8 PTFE plugs, 1 key, 1 tubes. 8 PTFE bushes, 8 PTFE 'O' rings. Permissible Operating Conitions For both coil type an shell an tube heat exchangers the permissible operating conitions for glass shells an heaers are base on the iameter. All Heat Exchangers can be operate uner full vacuum. O O Operating Temperature Range : () C to 00C on either sie. O Diff. temperature : <10C] For shell an tube type heat exchangers, the permissible operating conitions for steel shell an bonnet can be etermine from the table. Detail of Construction Shell Sie Tube Sie Shell Shell Bonnet Bonnet Max. 3.. Max. 3.. Max. 3.. Max

6 Shell & Tubes 1 3 SERGG Shell : Bonnets : SERMG Shell : Non (CS, FRP, SS) Bonnets : TUBE BUNDE Cat.Ref. SERGG SERMG HTA (sq.m.) / /3 3 /1 1 / /3 / 3 / /6 6 / / /6 /8 6 8 / /1 1 / /1 1 / /1 1 / NT NB TS Weight in Kg. (Approx.) SERGG SERGM TS = Tube Sheet = Shell Dia NB NT = No. of Baffles = No. of Tubes = Shell ength = Tube ength All Tubes have an external iameter of 13 an a wall thickness of 1. (min.) Orientation of branch connections can be change on request. 38

7 Shell & Tubes SERGM Shell : Bonnets : Non (CS, FRP, SS) TUBE BUNDE Cat.Ref. SERGM / /3 /1 / /3 / / /6 / / /6 /8 / /1 / /1 / /1 / HTA (sq.m.) NT NB TS 60 7 TS = Tube Sheet = Shell Dia NB NT = No. of Baffles = No. of Tubes = Shell ength = Tube ength All Tubes have an external iameter of 13 an a wall thickness of 1. (min.) Orientation of branch connections can be change on request. 39

8 Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers Sealing Details Shelll. Bonnet 3. PTFE Tube Sheet. Cast Iron Flange. Insert 6. PTFE Rope 7. MS Bolt 8. Nut 9. Intermeiate PTFE Baffle. Teflon 'O' Ring 11. PTFE Bush 1. PTFE Nut for Tie Ro 13. Tube 1. Tie Ro 1. Full PTFE Baffle. Spacer 17. PTFE 'O' Ring TR

FULL COMPLEMENT NEEDLE BEARINGS

FULL COMPLEMENT NEEDLE BEARINGS FULL OMPLEMENT NEELE EARINGS Technical features Full complement neele bearings These bearings are available with or without an inner ring from 12 bore size. Stanar complete bearings type NA have an inner