Agricultural Commodity Price Bulletin

Transcription

1 دافغانستان اسلامی جمهوريت جمهوری اسلامی افغانستان دکرهنی اوبولگولو او مالداری وزارت وزارت زراعت ا بياری و مالداری Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock نشريه قيمت های محصولات زراعتی (سا ل : ۶ شماره 3) Agricultural Commodity Price Bulletin (Year 6 : Volume 3 ) Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock General Department of Policy and Planning Statistics and Marketing Information Office Kabul, 17 March 2010

2 Abbreviations DAP EC FAAHM FAO MAIL USDA WFP Diammonium Phosphate European Commission Food, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Information Management Unit Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock United States Department of Agriculture World Food Program Contact Haqiqatpal Ghulam Rabbani, Director Statistics and Marketing Information Office, MAIL Mobile: +93(0) Strengthening Agricultural Economics, Market Information and Statistics Services (GCP/AFG/063/EC) The FAO project funded by the European Union mentioned above provided technical guidance and financial support for the production of this bulletin. Price bulletins and other reports produced by the project are available at:

3 Source: Central Statistics Office v MAP OF AFGHANISTAN HERAT DAI KUNDY BADAKHSHAN AFGHANISTAN MAP

4 CONTENTS Map of Afghanistan Summary Table 1: Agricultural commodity retail market prices (Afs/Kg.) in February 2010 Summary Table 2: Price of wheat, beef and mutton on 14 March 2010 Summary Table 3: Wholesale market price of wheat in Peshawar (Oct 09 to Mar 10) Summary Table 4: Price of wheat in the international market, Consumer Price Index (CPI) Price of agricultural commodities Price of wheat Price of fruits and vegetables Price of livestock and livestock products Cost of agricultural labour, casual labour and fertilizer...6 Annexes Annex I: Consumer Price Index (CPI) for February February 2010 by location Annex II: National Consumer Price Index (CPI) for February February 2010 by item Annex III: Kabul Consumer Price Index for February February 2010 Annex IV: Retail market price of agricultural commodities in provincial centers in February 2010 Annex V: Retail market prices of local wheat, imported wheat, beef, veal and mutton in provincemarkets Annex VI: Agricultural commodity Prices in border towns Annex VII: Weekly retail market prices of fruits and vegetables in Kabul, Kunduz, Herat, Kandahar and Jalalabad in February/March 2010 Annex VIII: Weekly market price of agricultural commodities/services (December 2009 February 2010) Annex IX: Monthly average price of wheat in international market ( )

5 Commodity Summary Table 1: Agricultural commodity retail market prices (Afs/Kg.) in February 2010 Region Reporting month Last month Last year same month % change on Last month Last year same month (i.e. Feb 10) (Jan 10) (Feb 09) (on Jan 10) (on Feb 09) Wheat North Wheat North-East Wheat West Wheat West-Central Wheat Central Wheat South Wheat East Wheat South-West Wheat Overall Beef Overall Mutton Overall Chicken Overall Agri. Labor Overall Urea Overall DAP Overall Description Summary Table 2: Prices of wheat, beef and mutton on 14 March 2010 Commodity Region Price (Afs/kg) Wheat Beef Mutton Wheat North Wheat North-East Wheat West Wheat West-Central Wheat Central Wheat South Wheat East Wheat South-West Wheat Overall Summary Table 3: Wholesale market price of wheat in Peshawar (Rs/40 Kg.) Mar 10 Feb 10 Jan 10 Dec 09 Nov 09 Oct Summary Table 4: Price of wheat in the international market, Argentina up river Wheat fob prices (US$/tonne) US Hard Red US Soft Red Winter (HRW) Winter (SRW) Average price in Average price in Average price in % change in price in 2010 on

6 Agricultural Commodity Price Bulletin (Year 6: Volume 3) 1. Consumer Price Index (CPI) National Consumer Price Index (CPI) 1 in February 2010 was 15.2 percent points lower than in February The annual drop in the national food index was 27.8 percent points. Among the food items, annual drop in the Bread and Cereals index was 62.0 percent points, which was mainly due to a fall in the price of wheat in local markets. However, the price index of meat increased by 6.8 percent points in that one year period. The non-food index showed a reasonable increase of about 5%. (Table 1/Annex I&II) Table 1: CPI in February 2010 compared with CPIs in February 2009 and January 2010 Description Percent point change in February 2010 CPI On Feb 2009 On Jan 2010 (on last year) (on last month) OVERALL INDEX Food Index Bread and cereals Meat Milk, cheese and eggs Oils and fats Fresh and dried fruits Vegetables including tubers Sugar and sweets Spices Non-alcoholic beverages Cigarettes and tobacco Non-food Index Exchange rate Index Source: Central Statistics Organization (CSO) From February 2009 to February 2010 annual changes in the individual food indexes were as follows: Bread and cereals (-62.0 percent points); Oil and fats (-9.4); Vegetables including tubers (-7.8); Spices (- 3.0 percent point); Milk, cheese and eggs (-2.3); Fresh and dry fruits (+2.4); Non-alcoholic beverages (+4.2); Cigarettes and tobacco (+6.7); Meat (+6.8) and Sugar and sweets (+34.4). A very remarkable annual decrease (9.8%) in the exchange-rate index was observed in the period. (Table 1) Overall CPI decreased by 1.3 percent point from January to February 2010, with decreases in the food index by 1.1 percent point and the non-food indexes by 1.7 percent point. Bread and cereal index showed a decrease of 3.1 percent points in that one month s period. The exchange-rate index dropped further by 2 percent points in the period. (Table 1/Annex II) 1 Consumer Price Index (CPI) is an index of the price of consumer goods and services. It can be used to measure the rate of inflation or the cost of living. Page 1

7 National Consumer Price Index, February 2009 to February 2010 [March 2004=100] Index Feb 09 Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb 10 Month Overall Index Food Index Non-food Index Exchange rate Index Source: Central Statistics Office National Food Price Indexes, February 2009 to February 2010 (March 2004=100) Index Feb 09 Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb 10 Month Bread and Cereals Meat Milk, Cheese and Eggs Oils and Fats Fresh and Dried Fruits Vegetables incl. tubers Sugar and sweet Spices Non-alcoholic beverages Cigarettes and tobacco Source: Central Statistics Office Of the six locations that have CPI data, the top two annual drops in CPI in February 2010 were observed in Kabul (16.0) and Khost (15.7). These decreases were mainly due to a drop in the price of wheat. The Page 2

8 top two highest annual falls in the food indexes were reported from Herat (28.9) and Kabul (28.8). There were very reasonable changes in CPI of non-food items in the reporting month. (Table 2/Annex I/II) Table 2: CPI in February 2010 compared to CPIs in February 2009 and January 2010 Location % points change in Overall Index Food Index Non-Food Index On Feb 09 On Jan 10 On Feb 09 On Jan 10 On Feb 09 On Jan 10 National Kabul Heart Jalalabad Mazar Khost Kandahar Source: Central Statistics Office Consumer Price Indexes by Locations, February 2009 to February 2010 (March 2004=100) Index Feb 09 Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb 10 Month 2. Price of agricultural commodities 2.1. Price of wheat Kabul Hirat Jalalabad Mazar Khost Kandahar Source: Central Statistics Office The national average price of wheat in February was Afs 15.2 Afs/kg, with annual and monthly decreases of 39.2% and 3.7%. (Summary Table 1, and Table 3 and a Graph on the next page) The average price of local wheat in the second week of March is Afs 15.0/kg, which exhibits a slightly further, negative trend. (Summary Table 2) The price of wheat in Peshawar (Pakistan) also shows a negative trend in March (Summary Table 3). However, given the unfavorable production prospects of cereal crops this year, the price of local wheat is likely to rise slowly in the coming months. Weekly market prices of wheat in nine markets reported by WFP for the past three months are shown in Annex. Page 3

9 Region Table 3: Price of local wheat (Afs/Kg) (Source: MAIL) Feb 2009 (Afs) Jan 2010 (Afs) Feb 2010 (Afs) Mar 2010 (Afs) % Change in price in Feb 2010 On Jan 10 (Last month) On Feb 09 (Last year same month) North North-East West West-Central Central South East South-West Overall Local Wheat Price (July March 2010) Price in Afs/kg Jul 08 Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan 09 Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan 10 Feb Mar Month North North-East West West-Central Central South East South-West OVERALL Source: MAIL International price of wheat virtually stabilized from February through May 09. In June 09 there was some increase in its price, but it slumped in July and continued till October 09. The price again showed some increasing tendency in November 09, followed by a decreasing trend since December 09. (Graph next page; Annex IX) Page 4

10 600 Monthly average price of wheat in international market (January March 2010) US$/Ton Jan 05 Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan 06 Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan 07 Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan 08 Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan 09 Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan 10 Feb Mar اMonths On the whole, wheat price in international markets showed a consistently increasing movement in the period 2005 to However, it was lower in 2009 than in 2008 by about 22 to 32%. This decreasing tendency is continuing in the first quarter of 2010 too. (Table 4) Year Description Argentina, Up River, fob US No. 2 Hard Red Winter ord., fob US Gulf US No. 2 Soft Red Winter, fob US Gulf Table 4: Price of wheat on the global markets, Argentina up river Wheat fob prices (US$/tonne) US Hard Red Winter US Soft Red Winter 2005 Average price Average price % change on Average price % change on Average price % change on Average price % change on Average price % change on Source: International Grain Council and USDA Market prices of various commodities for the following border markets in February 2010 are shown in Annex VI: Herat, Islam Qala and Torghondi; Kunduz: Shirkhan; Balkh: Hairatan; Nangarhar: Torkhan. Page 5

11 2.2. Price of fruits and vegetables Prices of various types of fruits and vegetables in Kabul, Kunduz, Herat, Kandahar and Jalalabad markets in February/March 10 are presented in Annex VII Price of livestock and livestock products National average prices of beef and mutton were Afs 156/kg and 223/kg in February 2010, meaning that the annual increase in the price of meat was about 12%. The price of chicken was Afs 108/kg in February 2010, which is 4% up compared to the last year. (Summary Table 1) National Average Price of beef, mutton and chicken (July March 2010) Price (Afs/kg.) Jul 08 Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan 09 Feb Mar Apr May ماه Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan 10 Feb Mar Beef Mutton Chicken 2.4. Cost of agricultural labour, casual labour and fertilizer 2 Average cost of agricultural labor in January 2010 was Afs 212/day, which is dearer by 11% than the last year. The prices of fertilizers were as follows: best quality, imported urea Afs 16.3 (down 12.5% compared to last year) and DAP Afs 33.5/kg (down 16% compared to the last year). 2 Fertilizer prices per bag, expressed in Afs/kg Page 6

12 Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb National Overall Index Food Non-Food Kabul Overall Index Food Non-Food Herat Overall Index Food Non-Food Jalalabad Overall Index Food Non-Food Mazar Overall Index Food Non-Food Khost Overall Index Food Non-Food Kadahar Overall Index Food Non-Food Source: Central Statistics Office Annex I: Consumer Price Index (CPI) for February February 2010 by location (March 2004 = 100) Annex: Page 1

13 Annex II: National Consumer Price Index (CPI) for February February 2010 by item (March 2004 = 100) Weight Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Overall Index Food Bread and Cereals Meat Milk, cheese and eggs Oils and fats Fresh and dried fruits Vegetables incl. tubers Sugar and sweets Spices Non-alcoholic beverages Cigarettes and tobacco Non-Food Clothing Housing Rent Construction material Electricity and fuels Household goods Health Transportation Communication Education Miscellaneous Exchange rate Index Source: Central Statistics Office Annex: Page 2

14 Annex III: Kabul Consumer Price Index for February February 2010 (March 2004 = 100) Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Overall Index Monthly % Change Food Bread and Cereals Meat Milk, cheese and eggs Oils and fats Fresh and dried fruits Vegetables incl. tubers Sugar and sweets Spices Non-alcoholic beverages Cigarettes and tobacco Non-Food Clothing Housing Rent Construction material Electricity and fuels Household goods Health Transportation Communication Education Miscellaneous Source: Central Statistics Office Annex: Page 3

15 Annex IV: Retail market price of agricultural commodities in provincial centers in February 2010 (Source: FAAHM) SN Region Province Wheat Wheat Flour Rice Rice Maize Mungbeans Pea Potato Local imported local imported (Afs/kg) (Afs/kg) (Afs/kg) (Afs/kg) (Afs/kg) (Afs/kg) (Afs/kg) (Afs/kg) 1 North Faryab North Juzjan North Sar-i-Pul North Balkh North Samangan North-East Bughlan North-East Kunduz North-East Takhar North-East Badakhshan West Heart West Farah West Badghis West-Central Ghor West-Central Bamyan Central Kabul Central Parwan Central Panjsheer Central Kapisa Central Logar Central Wardak South Paktya South Paktika South Khost South Ghazni East Nangarhar East Laghman East Kunarha East Nooristan South-West Kandahar South-West Helmand South-West Zabul South-West Nimroz South-West Uruzgan South-West Daikunde Annex: Page 4

16 Annex IV: Retail market price of agricultural commodities in provincial centers in February 2010 (Source: FAAHM) SN Region Province 1 North Faryab 2 North Juzjan 3 North Sar-i-Pul 4 North Balkh 5 North Samangan 6 North-East Bughlan 7 North-East Kunduz 8 North-East Takhar 9 North-East Badakhshan 10 West Heart 11 West Farah 12 West Badghis 13 West-Central Ghor 14 West-Central Bamyan 15 Central Kabul 16 Central Parwan 17 Central Panjsheer 18 Central Kapisa 19 Central Logar 20 Central Wardak 21 South Paktya 22 South Paktika 23 South Khost 24 South Ghazni 25 East Nangarhar 26 East Laghman 27 East Kunarha 28 East Nooristan 29 South-West Kandahar 30 South-West Helmand 31 South-West Zabul 32 South-West Nimroz 33 South-West Uruzgan 34 South-West Daikunde Vegetable Milk Beef Mutton Veal Chicken Imported Urea DAP oil Imported best quality best quality (Afs/litre) (Afs/litre) (Afs/kg) (Afs/kg) (Afs/kg) (Afs/kg) (Afs/kg) (Afs/kg) Annex: Page 5

17 Annex IV: Retail market price of agricultural commodities in provincial centers in February 2010 (Source: FAAHM) SN Region Province 1 North Faryab 2 North Juzjan 3 North Sar-i-Pul 4 North Balkh 5 North Samangan 6 North-East Bughlan 7 North-East Kunduz 8 North-East Takhar 9 North-East Badakhshan 10 West Heart 11 West Farah 12 West Badghis 13 West-Central Ghor 14 West-Central Bamyan 15 Central Kabul 16 Central Parwan 17 Central Panjsheer 18 Central Kapisa 19 Central Logar 20 Central Wardak 21 South Paktya 22 South Paktika 23 South Khost 24 South Ghazni 25 East Nangarhar 26 East Laghman 27 East Kunarha 28 East Nooristan 29 South-West Kandahar 30 South-West Helmand 31 South-West Zabul 32 South-West Nimroz 33 South-West Uruzgan 34 South-West Daikunde Agriculture Pair of oxen Water pump Tractor hiring Diesel Liquid Gas Kerosene Petrol labour hiring charge charge (Afs/day) (Afs/day) (Afs/hour) (Afs/hour) (Afs/Litre) (Afs/kg) (Afs/litre) (Afs/litre) , , , , , Annex: Page 6

18 وزارت زراعت مالداری و مواد غذاي ی قيمت های محصولات زراعتی درما رکيت های ولايا ت Annex V: Retail market prices of selected agricultural commodities به افغانی فی کيلو گرام Kg/Afg) ( (14 March 2010 ) گوشت گوسفند ( Mutton) گوشت گوساله ( Veal) گوشت گاو ( Beef) شماره منطقه Region ولايات Province گندم محلی (LocalW) ا رد وارداتی (ImpWF) فا ريا ب Faryab North شما ل جوزجان Juzjan North شما ل سرپل Sar-i-pul North شما ل بلخ Balkh North شما ل سمنگان Samangan North شما ل بغلان Bughlan North East شمال شرق کندز Kunduz North East شمال شرق تخا ر Takhar North East شمال شرق بد خشا ن 16 Badakhshan North East شمال شرق هرات Heart West غرب فراه Farah West غرب با د غيس Badghis West غرب غور Ghor غرب مرکزی West central با ميا ن Bamyan غرب مرکزی West central کا بل Kabul مرکزی Central پروان Parwan مرکزی Central پنجشير Panjsher مرکزی Central کا پيسا Kapisa مرکزی Central لوگر Logar مرکزی Central وردک Wordak مرکزی Central پکتيا Paktya جنوب South پکتيکا Paktika جنوب South خوست Khost جنوب South غزنی Ghani جنوب South ننگرهار Nangarhar شرق East لغمان Laghman شرق East کنرها Kunarha شرق East نورستان Nooristan شرق East کندها ر Kandahar جنوب غرب South west هلمند Helmand جنوب غرب South west Zabul زابل جنوب غرب South west نيمروز Nimroz جنوب غرب South west ارزگان Uruzgan جنوب غرب South west دايکندی Daikundy جنوب غرب South west 34 Annex: Page 7

19 Annex VI: Agricultural commodity Prices in border towns Year: 2010 Month: February Sn Commodity Unit (Herat) Islam Qala (Herat) Torghondi (Kunduz) Shir Khan (Balkh) Hairatan (Kandahar) Spin Boldak (Nimroz) Zaranj (Jalalabad) Torkham Price (Afs) Price (Afs) Price (Afs) Price (Afs) Price (Afs) Price (Afs) Price (Afs) 1 Imported wheat Kg Local wheat Kg Imported flour Kg Local Flour Kg Local Rice Kg Imported Rice Kg Beef Kg Chicken Kg Mutton Kg Buffalo meat Kg DAP Kg Imported urea Kg Other Fertilizers Kg Vegetable oil Liter Potato Kg Onion Kg Grape Kg 18 Pomegranate Kg Apricot Kg 20 Apple Kg Chickpea Kg Sesame Kg Mung bean Kg Liquid Gas Kg Kerosene Liter Diesel Liter Petrol Liter Imported Saffron Kg 161,900 Annex: Page 8

20 Annex VII: Weekly retail market prices of fruits and vegetables in Kabul, Kunduz, Herat, Kandahar and Jalalabad in February 2010/March 2010 (Afs/Kg.) Fruits/ Kabul Kunduz Herat Kandahar Jalalabad Vegetables Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Mar Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Mar Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Mar Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Mar Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Mar WK1 WK2 WK3 WK4 Mean WK1 WK1 WK2 WK3 WK4 Mean WK1 WK1 WK2 WK3 WK4 Mean WK1 WK1 WK2 WK3 WK4 Mean WK1 WK1 WK2 WK3 WK4 Mean WK1 Apple Apricot Pear Peach Plum Cherry Sweet Cherry Pomegranate Mango Fig Banana Citrus Grape Water Melon Melon Potato Tomato Eggplant Okra Onion Cauliflower Cucumber Pepper Squash Leek Spinach Coriander Carrot Cabbage Turnip Garlic Annex: Page 9

21 Annex VIII: Weekly market price of agricultural commodities/services Location (Province) Commodity/Services Dec 09 Jan 10 Feb 10 Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Kabul (Kabul) Wheat (kg) Kandahar (Kandahar) Wheat (kg) Jalalabad (Nagarhar) Wheat (kg) Herat (Herat) Wheat (kg) Mazar (Balkh) Wheat (kg) Faizabad (Badakhshan) Wheat (kg) Maimana (Faryab) Wheat (kg) Nili (Daikundy) Wheat (kg) Ghor (Ghor) Wheat (kg) Kabul (Kabul) Wheat flour (kg) Kandahar (Kandahar) Wheat flour (kg) Jalalabad (Nagarhar) Wheat flour (kg) Herat (Herat) Wheat flour (kg) Mazar (Balkh) Wheat flour (kg) Faizabad (Badakhshan) Wheat flour (kg) Maimana (Faryab) Wheat flour (kg) Nili (Daikundy) Wheat flour (kg) Ghor (Ghor) Wheat flour (kg) Kabul (Kabul) Bread (kg) Kandahar (Kandahar) Bread (kg) Jalalabad (Nagarhar) Bread (kg) Herat (Herat) Bread (kg) Mazar (Balkh) Bread (kg) Faizabad (Badakhshan) Bread (kg) Maimana (Faryab) Bread (kg) Nili (Daikundy) Bread (kg) Ghor (Ghor) Bread (kg) Source: Vulnerability Mapping Unit, WFP, Afghanistan Annex: Page 10

22 Annex VIII: Weekly market price of agricultural commodities/services Location (Province) Commodity/Services Dec 09 Jan 10 Feb 10 Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Kabul (Kabul) Diesel/litre Kandahar (Kandahar) Diesel/litre Jalalabad (Nagarhar) Diesel/litre Herat (Herat) Diesel/litre Mazar (Balkh) Diesel/litre Faizabad (Badakhshan) Diesel/litre Maimana (Faryab) Diesel/litre Nili (Daikundy) Diesel/litre Ghor (Ghor) Diesel/litre Kabul (Kabul) One-year female sheep, live 5,250 5,250 5,250 5,300 5,300 5,300 5,300 5,300 5,300 5,300 5,300 5,300 Kandahar (Kandahar) One-year female sheep, live 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 Jalalabad (Nagarhar) One-year female sheep, live 5,300 5,300 5,300 5,300 5,300 5,300 5,300 5,300 5,300 5,300 5,300 5,300 Herat (Herat) One-year female sheep, live 3,600 3,600 3,600 3,600 3,650 3,650 3,600 3,700 3,650 3,650 3,600 3,700 Mazar (Balkh) One-year female sheep, live 4,350 4,300 4,500 4,600 4,600 5,000 5,100 5,100 4,600 5,000 5,100 5,100 Faizabad (Badakhshan) One-year female sheep, live 2,800 2,800 2,800 2,800 2,800 2,800 2,800 2,800 2,800 2,800 2,800 2,800 Maimana (Faryab) One-year female sheep, live 5,400 6,400 6,500 6,500 6,300 6,000 6,500 6,200 6,300 6,000 6,500 6,200 Nili (Daikundy) One-year female sheep, live 3,800 3,800 3,800 3,800 3,800 3,800 4,000 3,800 3,800 3,800 4,000 3,800 Ghor (Ghor) One-year female sheep, live 5,500 5,500 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 Kabul (Kabul) Casual labour/day (unskilled) Kandahar (Kandahar) Casual labour/day (unskilled) Jalalabad (Nagarhar) Casual labour/day (unskilled) Herat (Herat) Casual labour/day (unskilled) Mazar (Balkh) Casual labour/day (unskilled) Faizabad (Badakhshan) Casual labour/day (unskilled) Maimana (Faryab) Casual labour/day (unskilled) Nili (Daikundy) Casual labour/day (unskilled) Ghor (Ghor) Casual labour/day (unskilled) Source: Vulnerability Mapping Unit, WFP, Afghanistan Annex: Page 11

23 Annex IX: Monthly average price of wheat in international market (US$/tonne) Wheat type Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Argentina, Up River, fob (1) US No. 2 Hard Red Winter ord., US fob Gulf (1) US No. 2 Soft Red Winter, fob US Gulf (2) Sources: (1) International Grain Council (2) USDA Annex: Page 12

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