Battery / Hybrid Powered Ships

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1 MARITIME Battery / Hybrid Powered Ships Anthony Teo 1 SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER

2 About DNV GL 152 Year History Energy Maritime Oil & Gas Software Business Assurance 13,000 EMPLOYEES 400 OFFICES 100 COUNTRIES Maritime Services: o Ship & Offshore Classification o Maritime Advisory o Verification 5% Revenue devoted to R&I => Innovation & Standards Authorised for ACP 2

3 Agenda 1. Status of Hybrid and Battery ships today 2. Maritime Batteries- Status, Trends. 3. Key Design Scope 4. Ship examples Ampere, Vision of the Fjord 5. Challenges 6. Decision Support Tools 7. Conclusion 3

4 Emissions from ships Container CO 2 75,000 NO x 2,000,000 PM 2,500,000 CO 2 emission from one big containership 75,000 cars OSV CO 2 6,000 NO x 70,000 PM 100,000 Tug CO NO x 7,000 PM 12,000

5 Status of Hybrid and Battery ships today Eidesvik: Viking Lady, hybrid supply vessel, retrofit in Norway 2013 Østensjø: Edda Ferd, hybrid supply vessel, construction Astilleros in Spain 2013 Østensjø: large hybrid offshore construction vessel, construction Kleven in Norway 2016 Fafnir Offshore: hybrid supply vessel, construction Havyard Ship Technology's yard in Leirvik, Norway. Island Offshore LNG KS: Island Crusader, construction STX OSV Brevik Eidesvik: Viking Queen, hybrid supply vessel, retrofit in Norway 2015 SVITZER: 4 battery hybrid tugboats, construction of ASL Marine in Singapore KOTUG: RT Adriaan, hybrid tugboat in Rotterdam, retrofit 2012 Foss: Carolyn Dorothy hybrid tug of LA, buildings Foss' Rainier Shipyard in USA, 2009 Foss: Campbell Foss hybrid tug of LA, retrofit Foss' Rainier Shipyard in USA, 2012 NORLED: Finnøy, hybrid ferry, retrofit 2013 in Norway NORLED: Folgefonn, hybrid/pure battery ferry 2014 in Norway Fjord1: Fannefjord LNG, hybrid ferry, retrofit Scottish Government: Hybrid ferry in Scotland, construction of Ferguson in Glasgow Scandlines: 4 battery hybrid ferries, retrofit 2013 University of Victoria: Tsekola II, hybrid research vessel, retrofit in Canada NORLED: 100 % battery ferry, built by Fjellstrand in Norway 2015 Vison of the Fjords : Battery Hybrid passenger ferry, Norway

6 Ships applicable for battery/hybrid propulsion Frequent variation in loads operating mainly on low loads Frequent load transients High requirement to power flexibility and response Prime movers with operational limitations Operating in environmentally sensitive areas Suitable for: Ferries, Tugs, OSVs, Fishing vessels, Research vessels Drilling vessels, Shuttle tankers, Cruise, Naval vessels 6

7 Maritime batteries Status Electrification with Li-ion batteries - a global trend across sectors Hybridization with Li-ion batteries can produce significant reductions in fuel consumption, maintenance and pollution improve ship responsiveness, operational time and safety may be a storage platform for black out prevention, energy recovery and renewable energy enhances LNG based solutions maritime power system providers are positioning themselves Maritime Battery Forum is established Green coastal shipping program is established Will provide a significant market penetration and environmental savings In the future, most ships and vessels will be hybrid or plug-in hybrid 7

8 Maritime batteries -Trends The last few years Li-ion batteries have dominated the markets Reduced battery prices (Nearly 10X reduction in cost in 7 years! Recent announcements: Tesla = $300/kWh, GM = $145/kWh) Increased energy density and improved safety, quality and reliability Very few issues with cells from the leading producers are reported Nissan Leaf: 1 billion km driven in 4 years very few battery issues Toshiba: Several million LTO cells the last 4 years, not a single cell failure Next 5 years: Variants of Li-ion batteries will be dominating the market Energy applications: NMC and iron phosphate Power applications: NMC and LTO The systems will have active cooling in order to control heat build-up Longer perspective: New chemistries may play a role 8

9 Key Design Scope Download the Guideline for free from DNV GL: 9

10 Key Design Scope Battery spaces Position aft of collision bulkhead Temperature control/ Ventilation- to maintain battery operating temp Hazardous area- Zoning, Air monitoring, Fail safe trips Fire integrity/ detection /fighting- A-60 space, smoke detection, water based fixed F.fighting Power management-short circuit, over current protection, Emergency disconnection Battery system- Two independent battery system, Cable Routing, local operation of batteries Battery Capacity sufficient for intended operation of vessel, constant monitoring, manual or automatic load sharing Battery design- Battery chemistries to be considered (toxic, flammable, corrosive, fire risk) Safety Assessment- All risk mitigated 10

11 World s first Zero Emission Electric Car Ferry-Ampère The first purely battery-driven car and passenger ferry Ampere has won the Ship Efficiency Award 2015 (Sept). Owned by Norled AS is one of Norway's largest ferry and express boat operators, with 80 vessels. 80 metre long DNV GL classed vessel is one of three ferries operated by the Norwegian shipping company Norled between Lavik and Oppedal Ampere is trading in Sognefjord with 100 per cent regularity and consumes 50 per cent less energy compared with a traditional diesel ferry on the same route 11

12 Ampère- Operations Lavik Oppedal (Sognefjord) 20 minutes crossing and max 10 knots Charging time, 5 to 10 minutes 120 cars, 360 passengers Makes 34 crossing everyday (5.6km) 10 minutes charging to 1MWh lithium-polymer battery pack 12

13 Ampère-Technical Details Dimensions- L= 80 m, B= 20.8 m, d= 3.7m DNV GL class notation 1A1 LC R4 (NOR) Car Ferry C Battery Power Delivered in Designed and Bulit by Fjellstrand (Bergen) 2 x 450 kw Azimuth thrusters and 2 x 450 kw electric motors 2 Energy Storage modules ( 2 x 520 KWh) -Corvus lithium-polymer battery pack Charging Plug and Shore connection- 615 V/60Hz Bus Voltage: 900 VDC Emergency Generator- 374 kw Building time 15 months 13

14 Ampère-Charging process

15 Ampère-Charging process Bridge- Remote control screen Emergency Generator Batteries 15

16 Hybrid Powered Ferry-Vision of the Fjord The first carbon fibre battery-hybrid passenger ferry -Vision of the Fjord. Owned by The Fjord and operating in UNESCO-listed Norwegian fjords Nærøyfjord on the west coast of Norway ( Gudvangen Flam). Electrical mode knots, Mechanical mode knots Battery capacity -2 banks of 288 kwh- Total 576 kwh 16

17 Hybrid Powered Ferry 17

18 Challenges Infrastructure Capacity of on shore power- Boost Charging Regulatory agencies- Flag, Port Authority, Utility company Interfaces Communications between onshore and ship control system Project Execution- Partners, Experience & track record Public Acceptance and Expectations 18

19 Decision Support Tools DNVGL SOLUTION New Building or Retrofit High level technical feasibility study based on vessel s operational profile High level financial analysis including both investment and operational costs Outline necessary requirements for a Battery Ready design Concept design review / HAZID Battery system safety and business risk assessment Approval in Principle VALUE DELIVERED Cost benefit assessment Cost reductions assessment Credible battery life assessment Strategy for improved vessel s responsiveness Download the Guideline for free from DNV GL: 19

20 Battery powered ships in a nut shell Improved ship responsiveness, load regularity and safety Improved environmental emissions, profile and reputation Reduced noise, vibration and increased comfort Increased robustness against: Increases in fuel prices Changes to stricter environmental regulations Good investment: - Increased probability of obtaining charter contracts - Increased second-hand resale value Acquired technology & competence in steering towards the future Decision support tools are available 20

21 THANK YOU and QUESTIONS? Anthony Teo -Technology & LNG Business Manager SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER 21