Heavy Vehicle Technologies Program Retrospective and Outlook

Transcription

1 Heavy Vehicle Technologies Program Retrospective and Outlook Dr. James J. Eberhardt, Director U.S. Department of Energy Presented at the OHVT Annual Program Review and Planning Meeting Utica and Argonne, IL April 10-14, 1999 OHVT Mission To conduct, in collaboration with our heavy vehicle industry partners and their suppliers, a customer-focused national program to research and develop technologies that will enable trucks and other heavy vehicles to be more energy efficient and able to use alternative fuels while simultaneously reducing emissions. The Magnitude of Our Highway Transportation Fuel Problem About Two 3,300-mile Trains of Crude Oil Are Needed Every Month! 1 Quad of energy is equivalent to 340,000 tank cars of crude oil stretched from Miami to Seattle (3,300 miles). 1

2 Rationale for a Heavy Vehicle Technologies R&D Program Energy Use - Million Barrels per Day Since the 1973 Oil Embargo Essentially All of the Increase in U.S. Highway Fuel Consumption has been due to Trucks Actual Projected Class 3-8 Trucks Class 1-2 Trucks (Pickups, Vans, SUVs) Automobiles Source: EIA Annual Energy Outlook, 1999 Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics OHVT Plans Focus on Critical R&D Areas for All Truck Classes OHVT Technology Roadmap (OHVT) Office of Transportation Technologies Multiyear Program Plan for August 1998 October Revised OHVT Technology Roadmap ( U.S. Department of Energy Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Transportation Technologies 2

3 Strategy High-efficiency clean diesel-cycle engines utilizing compression ignitable clean fuels/blends derived from diverse feedstocks Multiple Alternative Feedstocks Clean Diesel Fuels/Blends Advanced High- Efficiency Clean Technologies More Efficient Trucks Light Truck Coal Biomass Natural Gas Synthesis gas route to: Liquid Fuels Common Diesel Fuel Specification Fuel Quality Medium Truck Petroleum Conventional petroleum refining Uses Existing Infrastructure Exhaust Treatment In-cylinder Processes Heavy Truck New OHVT Two-Pronged Strategy Liquid Fuels for All Heavy Vehicles Gaseous Fuels for Light and Medium Trucks Clean, High Efficiency Compression Ignition Engines (Diesel or Homogeneous Charge) 3

4 Energy Density of Fuels 1,200 1, Thousand Btu per ft Diesel Diesel Fuel F-T Gasoline LNG Ethanol Methanol CNG Liquid (@ 3626 H 2 psi) CNG Compressed Diesel (@ 3626 psi) Hydrogen (@ 3626 psi) NiMH Battery Potential Natural Gas Storage Breakthrough Novel natural gas adsorbent carbon fiber-based monolith enables storage of amounts of natural gas at 500 psi equivalent to compressed natural gas storage systems at 3,600 psi. Stored natural gas at 500 psi equivalent to 165 times the volume of the tank (at standard temperature and pressure, STP). Demonstrated recovery of >90 percent of the gas stored. Capacity improvements may make it possible to store greater than 180 times the STP tank volume. This is equivalent to one-third the energy density of a tank of gasoline of the same size. Performer: Oak Ridge National Laboratory TEM Image of Carbon Fiber Monolith (at 250x magnification) Monolith as fabricated (4 in. diameter) and smaller (1 in.) pellets. 4

5 New OHVT Integrated Strategy Natural Gas Fuel Compressed Natural Gas Safe, Efficient Fueling Infrastructure Breakthrough Safe (~500 psi) On-board CNG Storage Advanced Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engine Light Truck Multiple Alternative Feedstocks Coal Biomass Natural Gas Petroleum Synthesis gas route to: Liquid Fuels Conventional petroleum refining Clean Diesel Fuels/Blends Common Diesel Fuel Specification Uses Existing Infrastructure Advanced High-Efficiency Clean Fuel Quality Exhaust Treatment In-cylinder Processes Medium Truck Heavy Truck OHVT Budget by Activities FY 1996 FY 1997 FY 1998 FY 1999 FY 2000 FY 2001 Appropriation Request $ in millions Vehicle Technologies R&D Advanced Combustion Engine R&D u Combustion and Emission Controls R&D u Light Truck Engine u Heavy Truck Engine u Health Impacts Heavy Vehicle Systems R&D u Vehicle System Optimization u Truck Safety Systems u Stimulate Truck Innov. Concepts/Knowledge Hybrid Systems R&D u Heavy Vehicle Propulsion Systems Fuels Utilization R&D Advanced Petroleum Based Fuels u Heavy Trucks Alternative Fuels u Heavy Trucks u Medium Trucks u Fueling Infrastructure u Environmental Impacts Materials Technologies Propulsion Materials Technology u Heavy Vehicle Propulsion Materials Lightweight Materials Technology u High Strength Weight Reduction Materials High Temperature Materials Laboratory TOTAL Heavy Vehicle Technologies

6 OHVT Budget by Activities FY 1996 FY 1997 FY 1998 FY 1999 FY 2000 FY 2001 FY 2002 Appropriation Request Planning Vehicle Technologies R&D Advanced Combustion Engine R&D Combustion and Aftertreatment (OHVT) a Light Truck Engine Heavy Truck Engine Health Impacts Non-Highway Heavy Vehicles d Heavy Vehicle Systems R&D Vehicle System Optimization Truck Safety Systems b Stimulate Truck Innov. Concepts/Knowledge Hybrid Systems R&D Heavy Vehicle Propulsion Systems Fuels Utilization R&D Advanced Petroleum Based Fuels Heavy Trucks Lubricants for Low Emissions High Efficiency Engines Alternative Fuels Heavy Trucks Medium Trucks Fueling Infrastructure Environmental Impacts Materials Technologies R&D Propulsion Materials Technology Heavy Vehicle Propulsion System Materials c Lightweight Materials Technology High Strength Weight Reduction Materials High Temperature Materials Laboratory TOTAL Heavy Vehicle Technologies ($ M) a $3.0M for Chemical Kinetics of Exhaust Aftertreatment Catalyst Modeling b Planning levels suggested by: $1.5M for Pressure Vessel Integrity Program c Truck and Engine Manufacturers (2/8/2000) $1.0M earmarked for Low Pressure Natural Gas Storage Adsorbent R&D d Natural Gas Vehicle Industry (2/10/2000) Off-highway, construction, agriculture, mining, forestry, rail, inland marine Program Coordination Structure Dr. James J. Eberhardt, Director Terria Railey, Energy Technology Support Specialist Patricia Williams, Administrative Program Support Engine Technologies Gurpreet Singh Team Leader Technologies R&D Combustion and Emissions Control Propulsion System Materials + HTML John Fairbanks Dr. Sidney Diamond Vehicle System Technologies Dr. Sidney Diamond Team Leader Vehicle Aerodynamics and Tire Rolling Technology High Strength Weight Reduction Materials Heavy Truck Auxiliary and Safety Systems Heavy Hybrid Systems Richard Wares Fuels and Lubrication Technologies Stephen Goguen Team Leader Enabling Technologies Alternative Fueled Engine R&D Advanced Development Environment, Safety, and Health Dr. Michael Gurevich Gurpreet Singh Richard Wares 6