Pima Association of Governments Energy Programs Clean Cities

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1 20,000,000 Oil Consumption per day 2009 (in billion gallons) Pima Association of Governments Energy Programs Clean Cities 16,000,000 12,000,000 8,000,000 4,000,000 Colleen Crowninshield, Program Manager 0

2 FY 2012/2013 Membership/Connection 87 Coalition Members Local and Federal Governments Private Partners Public Partners (School Districts etc) Regular Coalition Meetings Continued commitment to public infrastructure Continue commitment to educating the public

3 Clean Cities Goals Clean Cities advances the nation's economic, environmental, and energy security by supporting local actions to reduce petroleum consumption in transportation. A national network of nearly 100 Clean Cities Coalitions bring together stakeholders in the public and private sectors to deploy alternative and renewable fuels, idle-reduction measures, fuel economy improvements, and emerging transportation technologies.

4 Alternative Fuels Emissions Benefits All alternative fuels reduce ozone-forming tailpipe emissions. The diagram below shows the percentage of combined carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide NO x emissions for each alternative fuel as compared to reformulated gasoline (RFG). For example, the emissions from CNG vehicles are estimated to be 20%, compared to 100% emissions from vehicles using RFG. CNG vehicles demonstrate an 80% reduction in ozone-forming emissions.

5 Biodiesel Emissions Savings Emission Type B100 B20 Regulated Total Unburned Hydrocarbons -67% -20% Carbon Monoxide -48% -12% Particulate Matter -47% -12% NOx +10% +2% Non-Regulated Sulfates -100% -20% PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) -80% -13% npah (nitrated PAHs) -90% -50% Ozone potential of speciated hydrocarbons -50% -10%

6 Biodiesel EPA Emissions Analysis PM, HC, CO, and, generally, toxics reduction NOx increase, 2-4% for B20, insignificant for B5 R&D on NOx reduction strategies Air Quality Modeling of B20 replacing diesel No increase in ozone levels (NREL/SR , May 2003

7 CNG Emissions Savings Emission Type Reduction from Gasoline Regulated Carbon Dioxide -25% Carbon Monoxide -90% - -97% Particulate Matter Little to no pm NOx -35% - -60% Non-Regulated No evaporative emissions Non- methane hydrocarbons -50% - -70%

8 Electric Vehicles Although there are zero tailpipe emissions from an all electric vehicle, we still need to move past the conventional power plant production of electricity. If we can move to solar powered charging, this would truly be a zero emission vehicle.

9 Ethanol E85 Using ethanol-blended fuel has a positive impact on air quality. By adding oxygen to the combustion process which reduces exhaust emissions resulting in a cleaner fuel for cleaner air. Ethanol reduces the emissions of carbon monoxide, VOX, and toxic air emissions: Since ethanol is an alcohol based product, it does not produce hydrocarbons when being burned or during evaporation thus decreasing the rate of ground level ozone formation. Ethanol reduces pollution through the volumetric displacement of gasoline. The use of ethanol results in reductions in every pollutant regulated by the EPA, including ozone, air toxins, carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and NOX.

10 Argonne National Lab GREET using EPA's MOBILE6 model and light duty vehicle and heavy duty engine certification data to generate criteria air pollutant emission credits The Argone National Lab GREET tool can be used to help calculate emissions reductions for any fleet type, using any type of alternative fuel! Using 10 vehicles (Light and Heavy duty) driving 100 miles a day for 5 days Carbon Monoxide emissions credit (pounds) E85 CNG LPG (Propane) Biodiesel 20% Light Heavy VOC emissions credit (pounds) Light Heavy

11 Argonne National Lab GREET using EPA's MOBILE6 model and light duty vehicle and heavy duty engine certification data to generate criteria air pollutant emission credits The Argone National Lab GREET tool can be used to help calculate emissions reductions for any fleet type, using any type of alternative fuel! Using 10 vehicles (Light and Heavy duty) driving 100 miles a day for 5 days NOX E85 CNG LPG (Propane) Biodiesel 20% Light Heavy PM2.5 Light Heavy

12 Argonne National Lab GREET using EPA's MOBILE6 model and light duty vehicle and heavy duty engine certification data to generate criteria air pollutant emission credits The Argonne National Lab GREET tool can be used to help calculate emissions reductions for any fleet type, using any type of alternative fuel! Using 10 vehicles (Light and Heavy duty) driving 100 miles a day for 5 days Greenhouse Gas C02 equivalent pounds E85 CNG LPG (Propane) Biodiesel 20% Light Heavy

13 What Alternatives are Available in Tucson *Biodiesel-B5 B20 B99 *Ethanol E85 *Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) *Propane (LPG) *Electric Vehicles Level 1, Level 2, DC Fast Charge

14 In Closing