Question: What is an alternative fuel?

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Question: What is an alternative fuel?"

Moses Simon
5 years ago
Views:

2 Question: What is an alternative fuel?

3 Answer : The Energy Policy Act definition of an Alternative Fuel cannot have a petroleum (crude oil) base

4 Question: How many gallons are in a barrel of oil?

5 Answer : A barrel of oil contains 42 gallons

6 Question: How many barrels of oil are used in the United States per day?

7 Answer : 19.5 million barrels of oil are used in the U.S. - per day

8 Last Question: What percent of the oil is imported in the United States?

9 Answer : 60% of the oil used in the US is imported

10 Overview of Alternative Fuels The NEED For Alternative Fuels: In 2011, the U.S. imported 4.1 billion barrels of petroleum accounting for 60% of the U.S. supply. The total cost of those imports was $453.6 billion. That represents an increase in cost of 34.6% over 2010 and an increase of 71.8% over Source: Pickens Plan $45 Billion Spent On Health Care Related To Air Pollution Source: American Lung Assoc.

11 Overview World oil production is at or near maximum. When decline begins, shortages will develop & increase until mitigation takes hold more than a decade after it s started. Oil prices will escalate & economic damage will increase. As with any severe problem, there will be opportunities to contribute & benefit.

12 Oil is a finite, non-renewable resource that is being rapidly depleted. Royal Swedish Academy, October 2005: 54 of the 65 most important oilproducing countries were at or past peak.

13 Various approaches forecast peaking soon. Hubbert Linearization Production - MM bpd Peak Country Studies - Campbell Production - MM bpd Peak Megaprojects -Skrebowski Giant Fields -Robelius

14 How is world oil production decline likely to hurt? The brief oil shocks of 1973 and 1979 resulted in: Public shock & panic Oil shortages & gas lines Declining stock markets Rising unemployment Increasing interest rates Inflation & recession What s ahead will not be brief.

15 How It Might Play Out 2-5 years Oil price rises to $ 100s per barrel World oil production Oil Price? Oil production drops at 3-5% per annually Time

16 Worldwide Crash Program Mitigation of Conventional Oil Production Peaking Impact (MM bpd) EOR Coal Liquids Heavy Oil Years After Crash Program Initiation 20 GTL Efficient Vehicles

17 Alternative Fuels Methanol and Ethanol Biodiesel Electric vehicles Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)

20 Methanol Vehicles Produced from natural gas, coal, residual oil, or biomass Clean burning 10% Horsepower increase Methanol to gasoline storage ratio is 1.7 to 1

21 Ethanol Vehicles Produced from energy crops and solid waste Clean burning Expensive conversions Ethanol to gasoline storage ratio is 1.4 to 1

22 Biodiesel _ 100% Domestic _ Made from vegetable oil fueling is the same as with diesel _ Horsepower, torque and mpg similar _ Costs: B100 $1.95 to $4.75 per gallon B20 30 to 40 cents more per gallon

23 Electric Vehicles Noise and emission level reductions Limited range Requires little maintenance Long recharging time

24 Liquefied Petroleum Gas (Propane) Developed distribution infrastructure Clean burning Reduced vehicle range Good cold weather starting

25 Compressed Natural Gas Vehicle Established distribution infrastructure Clean burning Low fuel and conversion costs CNG vehicles are safe

26 Advantages of CNG Reduced Exhaust Emissions Large Domestic Resource Extensive Pipeline In Place No Underground Storage Required Higher Octane Ratings Safe To Operate And Maintain

27 Disadvantages of CNG Added Weight From Cylinders Less Cargo Space Few Fueling Stations Conversion Costs Bi-Fuel Can Not Optimize Both Fuels

28 Safety Fuel Properties Toxicity Explosion Potential

29 CNG Vehicles Bi-Fuel Or Dedicated-Fuel Four Primary Components - Fuel Cylinder - Fuel Line - Regulator(s) - Mixer

31 Major Components of a Compressed Natural Gas System

32 NGV2-1 Type 1 all steel NGV2-2 Type 2 hoop-wrapped aluminum Comparison of cross section -- 4 cylinder types NGV2-3 Type 3 full-wrapped aluminum NGV2-4 Type 4 Full composite with liner

35 Want to know more?

36 Thank You! Wm. H. Bill McGlinchey (740)

Alternative Fuels Offer Pro

Alternative Fuels Offer Pro Photo contributions Mark Linkletter A Guide to Alternative Fuel for Lawn Equipment Information from the U.S. Department of Energy and the Minnesota Propane Association Powering