A Transportation Perspective on Biodiesel and Advanced Biomass Conversion Fuels. California Energy Commission Sacramento, CA March 1, 2005
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1 A Transportation Perspective on Biodiesel and Advanced Biomass Conversion Fuels California Energy Commission Sacramento, CA March 1,
2 Outline 1. Evolution of: Energy-Environmental-Fuel 2. Renewable Fuels 3. Context Cost Effectiveness 4. Prerequisites for Renewable Fuels 5. Thermal Conversion Process Diesel 2
3 Crude Oil Sources For California 800 Refineries Millions of Barrels Alaska Foreign California
4 The next 20 years will see a wider range of technologies and fuel types, especially in the developed world % of New cars Diesel (inc Bio-diesel/GTL) 50 HCCI 40 Gasoline (inc Ethanol) Spark 30 ignition 20 Naphtha/Methanol 10 Hydrogen 0 Fuel cell one possible view of the future - not a forecast Source: Shell Global Solutions LPG/CNG Hybrid Compression ignition engines 4
5 Fuel Diversification Scenario Europe Hydrogen regenerative SynFuel Natural gas based Crude oil based with <10 ppm sulphur Crude oil based 50 ppm S others (CNG) SunFuel Biomass based today Years Source: VW, Dr. Wolfgang Steiger 5
6 California Demand versus Local Supply Gasoline & Diesel Fuel High Demand 2.3 Percent Per Year Billions of Gallons Historical Base Demand 1.5 Percent Per Year Forecast 2.6 billion 9.2 billion Supply from California Refineries
7 Evolution of Environmental Aspects Energy Greenhouse Gases CO 2 Exhaust Emissions CO,NOx,HC,PM Source: VW, Dr. Wolfgang Steiger DOE Forum 7. March 2004, Washington, USA 7
8 Shared Fuel Strategy Fuel Evolution: SunFuel Renewable Synthetic Fuel Natural Gas Based Hydrogen Renewable Diesel/Gasoline Crude Oil Based Source: VW, Dr. Wolfgang Steiger 8
9 Prerequisites for Sustainable Transportation Fuels Liquid at room temperature & pressure Compatible with existing petroleum-based infrastructure Compatible with old and future engines and vehicles Economically - competitive with petroleum based fuels 9
10 Biodiesel and Advanced Diesel Fuels Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) Coal-to-Liquid (CTL) Biomass-to-Liquid (BTL) Sun Diesel VW, CHOREN, Daimler Chrysler Thermal Conversion Process Changing World Technologies Biodiesel Same High Quality Fuel 10
11 Shell GTL - Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis 600 MMscf/d Natural Gas O 2 2 Syngas Manufacture CO + 2H 2 Synthesis Water (CH 2 ) n 75,000 bbl/day Hydrocracking naphtha, LPG, gasoil, Power speciality Generation + products Water Commercially proven technology, at Bintulu,, Malaysia since Ready for large-scale applications! Source: Shell Global Solutions 11
12 GTL Supply Potential Working Group Estimated GTL Capacity Year (bbl/d) (gallon/year) ,000 1,150,000, ,700 5,960,000, ,000 12,265,000,000 Today there is over $20 Billion Committed in New GTL Plants World Wide 12
13 CO 2 loop with SunFuel Synthesis Biomass SunFuel Source: VW, Dr. Wolfgang Steiger 13
14 Biomass to Liquid Fuel Production via Fischer Tropsch Synthesis Hydrotreatment Hydro- H 2 FT-Synthesis % CO CO % H 2 2 Gas-Cleaning Shift Shift Reactor % CO CO 2 2 Gasification H 2 O Distillation Pyrolysis Biomass % cellulose % hemicellulose % lignite Wax Diesel Gasoline 14 Source: VW, Dr. Wolfgang Steiger
15 Assessment of Biofuel from an Auto View Not all Biofuels considered by the EU are equally suitable for automotive applications. Source: R.R. Maly, DC & H. Heinrich, VW: View on Biofuels as Road Fuels; DOE Combustion and Fuels Meeting; Washington, March 17,
16 Biodiesel s Reduced Emissions Sulfur Carbon Monoxide Hydrocarbons Life Cycle CO2 Particulate matter 16
17 SMDS in 1,9ltr 74kW VW-Diesel engine 0,035 Particulate emissions [g/km] 0,030 Diesel SMDS 0,025 Euro 4 0,020 0,015 0,010 0,005 0,000 0,000 0,050 0,100 0,150 0,200 0,250 0,300 0,350 NOx emission [g/km] Source: VW, Dr. Wolfgang Steiger 17
18 Alternative Diesel Fuels Incremental Cost Effectiveness Fuels Propane GTL BTL Biodiesel CNG-LNG Hydrogen Cost/diesel-gallon saved <$1.50 $1.50 $1.50-$2.25 $40 Potential Total Displacement <20% >>50% 50% <10% >50%?? Source: CEC Staff unpublished Cost Effectiveness Analysis 18
19 CarboV Test Facility CHOREN Capacity: 1 MW thermal Input: wood Straw Green plants Shredder-Light-Fraction Coal Products: currently.: BioSynGas el. power in : Diesel appx. 600ltr/day Kerosene Methanol 19
20 Prerequisites for Renewable Diesel Fuels Penetration Legislated or Mandated use EPACT-93 EURO Directive Or incentives 2004 Jobs Act -Blenders Credit Competitive Economics is key Economies of Scale are important 20
21 The TDI Is Future-Oriented VW 1-Litre Car 0.3 l SDI 1cyl. 6,3 kw (8,6 PS) 0,99 l/100 km Euro 4 limits... demonstration of feasibility Source: VW, Dr. Wolfgang Steiger 21
22 THE END But Stay Tuned for Changing World Technologies Presentation 22
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