UNECE Gas Centre/ESCWA Conference

Transcription

1 UNECE Gas Centre/ESCWA Conference T L Fletcher BSc NGVA Europe Chairman 1

2 Natural Gas as a Vehicle Fuel Natural Gas is a clean burning, abundant fuel; In both compressed (CNG) and liquefied (LNG) form, natural gas is a viable alternative vehicle fuel - available today; When compared to diesel and petrol natural gas powered vehicles produce less CO 2 and other greenhouse gas emissions per vehicle mile travelled; Biomethane is chemically more or less identical to natural gas and fully interchangeable; Natural gas is therefore an ideal choice in the medium-long term transition to a more sustainable energy source. 2

3 Global Strategy To reduce world dependence upon crude oil and extend the life of existing reserves To reduce CO 2 emissions and improve air quality Natural Gas is the only available vehicle fuel available today that is proven and tested, and can be adapted to existing vehicle technology. World demand keeps growing - China s total production reached 18 million (32,7% growth compared to 2009) of which: million were passenger cars (33% growth compared with 2009) It provides an immediate benefit to the environment with 25% CO 2 saving 4.3 million were commercial vehicles (29% growth compared with 2009) 3

4 NGV Statistics 4

5 Renewable Energy 5

6 NGVs World Market Growth 1991 to 2020 Jan M NGVs 5% market share for Europe in % possible for Europe

7 Oil replacement in trucks and buses USA forecast 7

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10 Vehicle types and fuel alternatives Vehicle type Present fuel LPG Liquid bio fuels Full electric Hybrids (energy recuperation) Bio-natural gas (CNG & LNG) Cars Petrol & diesel Yes (conv.) Yes (%) Yes (city cars) Yes Yes (CNG) Vans Diesel Yes (conv.) Yes (%) No Yes Yes (CNG) Delivery trucks Diesel No Yes (%) No Yes Yes (CNG) Urban buses Diesel No Yes (%) Yes (wired) Yes Yes (CNG) Coaches Diesel No Yes (%) No No Yes (LNG) Heavy on road trucks Heavy off road trucks Railway locomotives Diesel No Yes (%) No No Yes (LNG) Diesel No Yes (%) No No Yes (LNG) Diesel & electric? Yes (%) Yes (wired) No Yes (LNG) Ships Diesel? Yes (%) No No Yes (LNG) 10

11 Natural Gas Vehicles Natural gas powered vehicles have made technological leaps and have started to penetrate world markets: OEM sales of light duty cars, vans, type approved. Conversions of new vehicles with support from OEM Aftermarket retrofitting Performance levels are similar to petrol and diesel. 11

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13 Dual Fuel Vehicles Dual Fuel is a combustion technology that simultaneously burns two fuels - natural gas or biomethane and diesel. Diesel is required as the ignition source. New or in-service vehicles Retains diesel fall-back mode Vehicle re-sale unaffected. 13

14 Available Vehicles Light Duty 14

15 Available Vehicles Medium Duty 15

16 Available Vehicles Heavy Duty 16

17 Available Vehicles Buses and Coaches 17

18 Infrastructure Station size and type will depend on a number of factors including location, limitations and the specific needs of the user: Home fuelling Fleet fuelling (the design and installation of a range of refuelling facilities can enable the operator to move between different supply levels as their business and fleet numbers grow.) Public fuelling L-CNG stations dispense both CNG and LNG and are suitable for public and fleet application. Natural gas infrastructure is transitional to hydrogen 18

19 LNG, CNG Natural Gas Containment Typical natural gas containment: LNG stored in a cryogenic containment and alternatively CNG stored in cylinder containment. Additional CNG storage (shown left) mounted to the underside of a trailer. 19

20 Biogas to Biomethane Biomethane is almost pure methane gas produced from upgraded landfill gas or raw biogas. It is fully exchangeable with natural gas and can operate using current vehicle technology. Biomethane produced from waste offers a more favourable greenhouse gas balance than any other fuel. CO 2 savings are double that of fossil natural gas 20

21 Restricting use of Fossil Fuels : Banned all diesel taxis (Madrid) CNG refuse collection fleet Free municipal parking for NGV s in many cities Low fuel tax on CNG 40% income tax reduction for CNG company car Priority lanes for CNG taxi cabs Financial support (normally 30% of total investment) for infrastructure Port of Los Angeles banned 7,000 diesel vehicles as part of a Clean Truck Programme. 21

22 Using Waste as a Resource Upgraded gas can be transported via the natural gas grid and distributed as a vehicle fuel Process also provides fertiliser 22

23 Moving Forward NGVs are now widely recognised. As volumes increase more product will be available. Coordinated Government stimulus Incentives for the Infrastructure NGVs are available NOW with immediate benefits to the environment Methane powered vehicles recognised for their CO 2 and air quality benefits. 23

24 The Future of NGVs The development of NGVs in the medium term future, will follow five main lines: CNG Hybrid Vehicles Dual Fuel Technology for heavy duties Biomethane LNG for trucks and buses Methane-Hydrogen Mixtures 24

25 Summary NGVs are within the criteria of the LCV Technology Roadmap for low carbon HGV s. Motivated by industry economic challenges, energy availability and the environmental impact, interest in NG technology continues to grow worldwide. The key to developing the initiatives next step is to engage support from the governments, stakeholders and end-users with a view to developing paths that achieve the commercial realisation of the product in the most environmentally responsible way. Working collectively, stakeholders efforts will benefit both industry and the environment by limiting or significantly reducing the effect of road transport emissions. 25

26 Copyright NGVA Europe 2011 All rights reserved 26