Basics of Natural Gas for Transportation

Transcription

1 Graphic: Utah State University Basics of Natural Gas for Transportation Piedmont Triad Regional Council Lunch & Learn--May 21, 2015 Rick Sapienza NC Clean Energy Technology Center NC State University

2 The North Carolina Clean Energy Technology Center advances a sustainable energy economy by educating, demonstrating and providing support for clean energy technologies, practices, and policies. Created in 1988 Part of the College of Engineering at NC State University Clearinghouse for information, training, technical assistance, deployment, demonstration and applied research Example programs: solar, wind, industrial efficiency, renewable energy policy and clean transportation

3 Topics What is Natural Gas? Compared to Petroleum Fuels Benefits Issues/Concerns Fueling Options/Solutions Vehicle Applications and Availability Case Studies/Success Stories Resources

4 What is Natural Gas? Mostly methane--ch 4 Natural gas is a fossil fuel like petroleum and coal Comes from traditional oil & gas wells, shale fracturing process, non-conventional biomass Low carbon-hydrogen ratio fuel cleaner burning Graphic: Wikipedia

5 NG Compared to Petroleum Fuels NG lighter than air NG gaseous state at ambient temperature and pressure lower energy density Higher octane (130) than gasoline allows for higher compression ratios increased power and fuel economy Due to combustibility, lower compression rations than diesel

6 % Carbon % Hydrogen Energy Densities Because of lower energy density NG compressed or liquefied for transportation applications CNG 3,600 psi LNG -259 o F

7 Energy Security and The US Economy Safety Cost Reduced Emissions Benefits

8 Energy Security & The US Economy 2014 Statistics from EIA and Oak Ridge National Laboratory US consumed 66% more petroleum than produced 71% of US petroleum used by transportation 92% of transportation energy is petroleum $750 million to $1.4 billion leave the US economy every day

9 Energy Security & The US Economy Continued 2014 Statistics EIA proven US natural gas reserves of more than 338 Trillion Cu-Ft US consumption approximately 26 Billion Cu-Ft 93% produced in US, 98+% produced in North America Natural gas only 3% of transportation energy (150,000 US, 15.2 Million World Wide)

10 Safety Due to high ignition temperature (1070 o F) it is safer than gasoline (475 o F) and diesel (420 o F) NG is non-carcinogenic. It has no known toxic or physiological effects. NG is lighter than air. It will dissipate in a spill. NG is not corrosive. NG will not contaminate soil or ground water. Tanks are engineered to withstand severe conditions. They are designed to leak before they break. In case of high temperature exposure, thermal activated pressure relief.

11 Costs Decoupling of NG and Petroleum Source: CALSTATRT NFAF I&E Presentation April 2015

12 Costs 12% 48% Electricity 10% Natural Gas 30% Gasoline Diesel CNG Sources: NGV America, S. Yborra; CALSTART NAFA I&E April 2015, B. Van Amburg

13 Costs A doubling of the cost of natural gas, translates into a $0.50 increase at the pump. Source: CALSTART NAFA I&E April 2015, B. Van Amburg

14 Issues/Concerns Range limitations Limited infrastructure (~1,000 public) Upfront costs vehicle and stations (coming down) Service support Vehicle options (increasing) Tanks are bulky and heavy Service bay requirements and costs

15 Fueling Options: Existing Pipeline 2 Million miles of distribution & service lines 320,000 miles of transmission and gathering lines Source:

16 Fueling Options: Time Fill Tanks can be filled slowly to allow heat to dissipate Time-fill typically takes 5-7 hours Enables a full top-off fill Maximizes range Costs $50K to $500K Source: Graphic: ANGI Energy Systems, Inc.

17 Fueling Options: Fast Fill Cascading storage tanks Fastest and most widely used dispensing system; allow for quick fill to rated pressure Can handle multiple dispensers Costs $200K to $5 Million Graphic: ANGI Energy Systems, Inc.

18 Fueling Solutions: Creativity Utility/supplier capitalization Modular portable and scalable systems Mobile systems Truck stop partnerships Vertical oil & gas (Shell slowing) Fleet dedicated w/ public access C-stores

19 Natural Gas Fueling Stations in NC 26 public access CNG 13 private CNG 1 public access LNG

20 Natural Gas Fueling Stations in NC

21 Best Applications High fuel usage Centralized fleet Access to fueling infrastructure Industry adoption: Refuse (>60%) Transit/School Bus (1995 BOS) Freight/Delivery (UPS/FedEx) Trades/Service (AT&T)

22 Sources: OEM s Upfitters Types: Dedicated, NG only Options Bi-Fuel, NG or Gasoline Dual fuel (HPDI), NG w/ diesel ignition not available

23 OEM: LD Options Dodge Ram 2500 (CNG, bifuel) Chevrolet/GM 2500 PU (CNG bi-fuel) Chevrolet/GM 2500 & 3500 Vans & Cutaway (CNG dedicated) Chevrolet Impala (CNG, bifuel) Honda Civic (CNG dedicated)

24 Upfitters: LD/MD Options Altech-Eco (Ford F-Series and Transit) Baker Equipment (Chevrolet, GMC & Isuzu) IMPCO (Ford & GM) LANDIRENZO (Ford & GM) NatGasCar (Chrysler, Ford & GM) PowerFuel CNG Systems (Ford) Westport Wing (Ford F-Series and Transit)

25 MD/HD Options OEM s: School Bus, Transit, Shuttle, Coach, Refuse, Sweeper, Tractor, Vocational, and Yard Spotter ABC Companies Autocar Blue Bird Capacity Trucks Crane Carrier El Dorado Elgin Freightliner Gillig Kalamar MHC Kenworth North American Bus Industries National Bus Sales Navistar New Flyer Peterbilt Schwarze Thomas Built Trolley Enterprises Tymco Volvo trucks N.A Millennium Transit

26 MD/HD Engine Options Ford 6.8L V10 GM 6.0L & 8.0L V8 Cummins ISL G 8.9L Cummins ISX 12G Cummins ISB 6.7 (development) Source One (ESI) 7.6L Phoenix?? Doosan 11L Repower (limited) Westport & Volvo 15L HPDI Dual Fuel (on hold?)

27 Organizations Using NG in NC Waste Management City of Charlotte Waste Industries City of Greensboro Ryder City of Hendersonville Penske City of Raleigh City of Rocky Mount Frito-Lay Transportation City of Charlotte Solid Waste God Bless the USA Inc BuildSense Henderson County Republic Industries Mission Health Norfolk Southern Mountain Mobility McLeod Construction Public Service North Carolina EPES Town of Chapel Hill ESI Transport Town of Garner AT&T UNC Ashville City of Asheville Cape Fear Public Transit All Bright Sanitation

28 Case Study: Waste Industries Motivation tied to mission statement: To grow and to prosper through the efficient and responsible utilization of our resources while providing our customers with cost-effective, responsive and environmentally sound solutions to their solid waste management needs.

29 Case Study: Waste Industries Phase 1: Durham facility, 19 CNG refuse haulers and 1 service vehicle, 31 hose time fill w/ emergency 15 minute fill capability Cost $8 Million Payback 39 months Current Fleet: 170 CNG refuse haulers at 4 sites With current prices estimated fuel savings of >$150,000 per month Payback period for all projects between 39 and 48 months Future plans: Continue where it makes sense

30 Case Study: Lee Summit R-7 District Fleet: 149 buses, 46 duty vehicles, 4 special needs vans. Motivation: High cost of gasoline and diesel, volatility of fuel costs, age of fleet and pollution. Fuels considered: Hybrid, electric and propane. Deciding factors: Cost of commodity, predictability of fuel cost, cost of conversation, green solution.

31 Case Study: Lee Summit R-7 District Phase I: 106 Type A and D new CNG school buses. Conversion of 12 service trucks and vans. 4 new all electric delivery trucks. Fueling execution: 10-year contract with Clean $1.67/GGE. Clean Energy capitalizes cost of station with $0.40/GGE up charge included in $1.67/GGE. Public access station with royalties paid to Lee s Summit for outside sales. Lee s Summit owns station at end of 10-years. Funding: ARRA grant $330,000, Federal Fuel Rebate $0.50 per gallon, Royalty on public fuel sales, redirected fuel and maintenance savings $10.2 million over 10 years.

32 Case Study: Lee Summit R-7 District Future Plans: Additional 33 new CNG school buses in FY16/FY20/FY22. Total of 139 out of 149 to CNG within 10 years. Convert an additional 34 trucks and vans in FY16/FY18. Goal: 96% CNG fleet usage from 90% diesel.

33 Resources NC Clean Transportation Buyer s Book: U.S. DOE- Alt. Fuels & Advanced Vehicles Data Center: U.S. DOE CNG Fuel station locator: NGV America: CNG Now: Cummins Westport Natural Gas Academy: DOE NG VICE 2.0 Cash Flow Modeling Tool: Natural Gas Fleet Savings Calculator:

34 North Carolina State University NC Clean Energy Technology Center Clean Transportation Program twitter.com/nccleantech

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