Aircraft information C172-R

Transcription

1 Document nr.: 130 Aircraft information C172-R Power settings and speeds Differences Expanded checklists COPYRIGHT SAA. No part of this manual or its extracts may be reproduced in any form, by print, photo print, microfilm or any other means, without written permission from SAA Avion Training is the trade name of SAA HAVA TAŞIMACILIĞI UÇAK BAKIM ONARIM VE UÇUŞ EĞİTİMİ HİZMETLERİ TİCARET ve ANONİM ŞİRKETİ revision 0 Page 1-24

2 REVISION RECORD Revision Number Issue Date Revision 0 Page 2-24

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHapter Introduction Sources Airmanship... 4 CHapter Abbreviations used in this book... 5 CHapter 3 C172R Power settings and speeds Expanded normal checklist... 7 Revision 0 Page 3-24

4 1.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1 This book contains speed and power settings, expanded checklists and differences in relation to the theory and SOP of aircraft and simulators used within SAI. The book is coupled to the theory and SOP books for the mentioned speeds, power settings and differences. For the mentioned expanded checklists this book is coupled to the Avion Training checklists which are mainly an extract out of the POH. It s not possible to cover all eventualities and therefore good airmanship and common sense is expected of the crew. The amendment system used for this book is conform the procedure described in the OM of SAI. 1.2 SOURCES Material used from: - POH - Theory and SOP - SAI checklists 1.3 AIRMANSHIP Definition: All facets that allow the pilot to control the airplane at any time during the flight in accordance with regulations in a safe way, on the ground as well as in the air. During the ground school all different facets that compose airmanship will be illustrated. Safety is a very important part in the mind of every conscientious airline pilot. Adherence to rules and regulations is only the first part to incorporate "airmanship" into your existence. Revision 0 Page 4-24

5 2.1 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS BOOK CHAPTER 2 AGL AOM/POH ATC ATPL FIR ICAO FIO IFR NOTAM OM OPS POH PIC RT SE SCD SOP UTC VFR Above Ground Level Aircraft Operating Manual/ Pilots Operating Handbook Air Traffic Control Air Transport Pilot License Flight Information Region International Civil Aviation Organization Flight Information Office Instrument Flight Rules Notices to Airmen (part of Aeronautical Information Publication) Operating Manual Operations department of SAI Pilot Operating Handbook Pilot In Command Radiotelephony Single Engine Subject to Captains Discretion Standard Operating Procedure Universal Time Coordination Visual Flight Rules Speeds: Vr Vclimb Vcruise Vdescent Vglide Vstall Vs1 Vs0 Vslow Vhigh Vx Vy Rotation speed Climb speed Cruise speed Descent speed Glide speed Stall speed Stall speed, clean configuration Stall speed, landing configuration Slow speed High speed Maximum angle of climb Maximum rate of climb Revision 0 Page 5-24

6 3.1 POWER SETTINGS AND SPEEDS CHAPTER 3 C172R TAKE OFFs Short field Take-off Flaps 10 0 Lift Off conform POH (depending on mass) climb speed 75 KIAS Obstacle Take-off Flaps up Vr 55 KIAS climb speed 60 KIAS Normal Take-off Flaps up Vr 55 KIAS climb speed 75 KIAS Static Take-off power Take-off power idle throttle full throttle SPEEDS & POWERSETTINGS normal/cruise climb 75 KIAS full throttle best angle of climb 62 KIAS full throttle best rate of climb 74 KIAS full throttle cruise flight (navigation flights). KIAS See power setting table airwork 100 KIAS 2150 RPM Steep turn SEE POH RPM slow flight (flaps 10 ) 55 KIAS 1700 RPM initial stall power 1500 RPM holding speed 100 KIAS 2150 RPM cruise descent 100 KIAS 1700 RPM approach speed 10º flaps 100 KIAS 1800 RPM circle to land speed 90 KIAS 2050 RPM threshold speed flaps up 70 KIAS threshold speed flaps KIAS threshold speed flaps KIAS threshold speed flaps KIAS best glide speed 65 KIAS initial taxi RPM 1000 RPM CIRCUITS Normal landing crosswind leg 0 flaps 85 KIAS 1900 RPM downwind leg 0/10 flaps 85/80 KIAS 1900 RPM base leg 20 flaps 75 KIAS 1400 RPM final leg full flaps 65 KIAS 1400 RPM Flapless landing base leg 0 flaps 80 KIAS 1200 RPM final leg 0 flaps 70 KIAS 1200 RPM Precautionary landing final leg full flaps 65 KIAS 1400 RPM Emergency landing glide speed glide speed full 0 flaps flaps 65 KIAS 70 KIAS idle power idle power Power settings are indications and can be different for each C172 R! The difference in power setting between downwind and base leg is approximately about 400 RPM in no wind conditions. Revision 0 Page 6-24

7 3.2 EXPANDED NORMAL CHECKLIST This expanded normal checklist is an explanation of the normal C172R checklist. Note: Items that are marked green, are items added by SAI to the checklists from the manufacturer. PREFLIGHT INSPECTION Visually check airplane for general condition during walk around inspection. Airplane should be parked in a normal ground attitude to ensure that fuel drain valves allow for accurate sampling. Use of the refueling steps and assist handles will simplify access to the upper wing surfaces for visual checks and refueling operations. In cold weather, remove even small accumulations of frost, ice or snow from wing, tail and control surfaces. Also, make sure that control surfaces contain no internal accumulations of ice or debris. Prior to flight, check that pitot heater is warm to touch within 30 seconds with battery and pitot heat switches on. If a night flight is planned, check operation of all lights, and make sure a flashlight is available. Revision 0 Page 7-24

8 CABIN Pitot Tube Cover... REMOVE Check blockage POH... AVAILABLE IN THE AIRPLANE Airplane Weight and Balance... CHECKED Parking Brake... SET Ensure that the parking brake is set. Fire Extinguisher... CHECK Control Wheel Lock... REMOVE Remove control wheel lock from the steering column and stowe in appropriate position. Ignition Switch... OFF Avionics Master Switch... OFF WARNING: WHEN TURNING ON THE MASTER SWITCH, USING AN EXTERNAL POWER SOURCE, OR PULLING THE PROPELLER THROUGH BY HAND, TREAT THE PROPELLER AS IF THE IGNITION SWITCH WERE ON. DO NOT STAND, NOR ALLOW ANYONE ELSE TO STAND, WITHIN THE ARC OF THE PROPELLER, SINCE A LOOSE OR BROKEN WIRE OR A COMPONENT MALFUNCTION COULD CAUSE THE PROPELLER TO ROTATE. Master Switch... ON Fuel Quantity Indicators... CHECK QUANTITY Ensure low fuel annunciators (L LOW FUEL R) are extinguished Avionics Master Switch... ON Avionics Cooling Fan... CHECK Audibly for operation Avionics Master Switch... OFF Static Pressure Alternate Source Valve... OFF Annunciator Panel Switch... PLACE AND HOLD IN TST POSITION Ensure all annunciators illuminate Move selector to ON position, check Altimeter and VSI needles for movement. Annunciator Panel Test Switch... RELEASE Check that the appropriate NOTE: WHEN MASTER SWITCH IS TURNED ON, SOME ANNUNCIATORS WILL FLASH FOR APPROXIMATELY 10 SECONDS BEFORE ILLUMINATING STEADILY. WHEN PANEL TST SWITCH IS TOGGLED UP AND HELD IN POSITION, ALL REMAINING LIGHTS WILL FLASH UNTIL THE SWITCH IS RELEASED. Fuel Selector Valve... BOTH Fuel Shutoff Valve... ON (Push Full In) Flaps... EXTEND Exterior Light... CHECK Extend flaps incrementally to full position. Turn on Master switch and check that all exterior lights are working. Turn off all lights as soon as possible to safe battery power. Pitot Heat... ON Check that the pitot heat is heating up, turn off Revision 0 Page 8-24

9 Carefully check that pitot tube is warm to touch within 30 sec. Master switch after the pitot heat has been checked. Pitot Heat... OFF Master Switch... OFF Elevator Trim... SET For take off Normal trim position is indicated with a line. In case of a forward centre of gravity you can trim one stroke nose up, and for an aft centre of gravity trim one stroke nose down. Check that the baggage door is closed and locked properly. Baggage Door... CHECK Lock with key Autopilot Static Source Opening (if installed)... CHECK For blockage EMPENNAGE Rudder Gust Lock (if installed)... REMOVE When installed check for blockage. Check smooth motion of the control surfaces and correct movement of the steering column. Also check whether all screws are properly installed and bonded. Tail Tie Down... DISCONNECT Control Surfaces... CHECK Freedom of movement and security Trim Tab... CHECK Security Antennas... CHECK RIGHT WING Aileron... CHECK Freedom of movement and security Flap... CHECK Security and freedom Wing Tie Down... DISCONNECT Check proper motion of trim tab when moving control surface. Check that all antennas are present and not damaged. Check smooth motion of the aileron and correct movement of the steering column. Also check whether all screws are properly installed and bonded. Check general condition of flap surface, check that the flap has a little clearance and check whether the flap extension rod is installed properly. Main Wheel Tire... CHECK Proper inflation and general condition Fuel Tank Sump Quick Drain Valves...DRAIN At least a cupful of fuel (using sampler cup) Check for a clear cup of fuel, in case water is present in the cup, drain another cup of fuel until fuel sample is clean. WARNING IF, AFTER REPEATED SAMPLING, EVIDENCE OF CONTAMINATION STILL EXISTS, THE AIRPLANE SHOULD NOT BE FLOWN. TANKS SHOULD BE DRAINED AND SYSTEM PURGED BY QUALIFIED MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL. ALL EVIDENCE OF CONTAMINATION MUST BE REMOVED BEFORE FURTHER FLIGHT. Fuel Quantity... CHECK VISUALLY For desired level Fuel Filler Caps... CHECK Revision 0 Page 9-24

10 Secure and vent unobstructed NOSE Fuel Tank Sump Quick Drain Valves...DRAIN At least a cupful of fuel (using sampler cup) WARNING: SEE WARNING TEXT RIGHT WING Check for a clear cup of fuel, in case water is present in the cup, drain another cup of fuel until fuel sample is clean. Engine Oil Dipstick/Filler Cap... CHECK Oil level, then check dipstick/filler cap SECURE Do not operate with less than 5 quarts, fill to 8 quarts for extended flight. Engine Cooling Air Inlets... CLEAR Of obstructions Propeller and Spinner... CHECK For nicks and security Check that the engine air inlet is clear of any debris. Check general condition of the propeller blades and the spinner cone. Check for cracks, dents and buckles. Air Filter... CHECK For restrictions by dust or other foreign matter Nose Wheel Strut and Tire... CHECK Proper inflation and general condition Check Nose wheel strut for proper extension, general condition and oil leakage. Check tire for proper condition. Left Static Source Opening... CHECK For blockage LEFT WING Fuel Quantity... CHECK VISUALLY For desired level Fuel Filler Caps... CHECK Secure and vent unobstructed Fuel Tank Sump Quick Drain Valves...DRAIN At least a cupful of fuel (using sampler cup) WARNING: SEE WARNING TEXT RIGHT WING Check for a clear cup of fuel, in case water is present in the cup, drain another cup of fuel until fuel sample is clean. Main Wheel Tire... CHECK Proper inflation and general condition Fuel Tank Vent Opening... CHECK for blockage Stall Warning Opening... CHECK For blockage, see POH Wing Tie Down... DISCONNECT To check the system, place a clean handkerchief over the vent opening and apply suction; a sound from the warning horn will confirm system operation. Landing/Taxi Light(s)... CHECK For condition and cleanliness of cover Aileron... CHECK Freedom of movement and security Check smooth motion of the aileron and correct movement of the steering column. Also check whether all screws are properly installed and bonded. Flap... CHECK Security and freedom Check general condition of flap surface, check that the flap has a little clearance and check whether the flap extension rod is installed properly. Revision 0 Page 10-24

11 NORMAL CHECKLIST (This checklist shall be performed after checking the weather and the crew briefing and before start up.) BEFORE STARTING ENGINE Preflight Inspection... COMPLETE Passenger Briefing... COMPLETE Cover all items as mentioned in SOP s. Position... CLEAR Papers... ON BOARD See OM for mandatory papers Loose Items... STOWED Seats and Seatbelts... ADJUST AND LOCK Ensure inertia reel locking Brakes... TEST AND SET Circuit Breakers... CHECK IN Adjust your seat and pedals in the same locked position. Check seat belts of all occupants are fastened. Make sure passengers know how to close, adjust and open the seat belts. Pull the shoulder harness firmly to check proper functioning of the inertia lock. Check if the brakes give back-pressure when depressed. Check parking brake off then set on again. Check that all the circuit breakers are in. Fuses only have to be checked if one of the systems is malfunctioning. Circuit breakers may not be reset. Electrical Equipment... OFF Ensure all electrical equipment (except the beacon light) in the airplane is switched off. For the avionics equipment that has an Avionics Master Switch, ensuring this switch is in the OFF position will be sufficient. CAUTION THE AVIONICS MASTER SWITCH MUST BE OFF DURING ENGINE START TO PREVENT POSSIBLE DAMAGE TO AVIONICS Start up (if applicable)... RECEIVED Avionics Master Switch... OFF All avionics must be off during start up to prevent possible damage due to peak voltage or voltage transients. Fuel Selector Valve... BOTH Fuel Shutoff Valve... ON Push full in Avionics Circuit Breakers... CHECK IN Check that all the circuit breakers are in. Fuses only have to be checked if one of the systems is malfunctioning. Circuit breakers may not be reset. Revision 0 Page 11-24

12 (This checklist shall be performed just before engine start.) STARTING ENGINE (WITH BATTERY) Throttle... OPEN ¼ INCH Mixture... IDLE CUT OFF Propeller Area... CLEAR Visually check the propeller area is clear of vehicles and/or persons. Also check if the taxi route is clear of vehicles and/or persons. Master Switch... ON Flashing Beacon... ON NOTE IF, ENGINE IS WARM, OMIT PRIMING PROCEDURE OF STEP 1, 2 and 3 below 1. Auxiliary Fuel Pump Switch... ON 2. Mixture... SET FULL RICH Advance to stable fuel flow (usually 3-5 seconds) 3. Mixture... IDLE CUT OFF Full aft position Auxiliary Fuel Pump Switch... OFF Ignition Switch... START Release when engine starts Turn the ignition switch to its start position and release as soon as the engine starts to avoid starter damage. Starter duty cycles according to the POH should be limited to; 10 seconds ON/ 20 seconds OFF 10 seconds ON/ 20 seconds OFF 10 seconds ON/ 10 minutes OFF. After cooldown you can do 3 more cycles of 10 seconds followed by a 20 seconds cooldown and if the engine still fails to start, the cause should first be investigated by certified personnel. Mixture... ADVANCE smoothly to RICH When engine fires NOTE IF ENGINE FLOODS (ENGINE HAS BEEN PRIMED TO MUCH), TURN OFF AUXILIARY FUEL PUMP, PLACE MIXTURE TO IDLE CUTOFF, OPEN THROTTLE ½ TO FULL, AND MOTOR (CRANK) ENGINE. WHEN ENGINE FIRES, ADVANCE MIXTURE TO FULL RICH AND CLOSE THROTTLE PROMPTLY Throttle RPM SET Oil Pressure... CHECK Navigation lights... ON As required Check if the oil pressure indication is within the green arc. After starting the engine, the oil pressure gauge should start showing pressure within a maximum of one minute. If this doesn t happen, shut down the engine. The cause should be investigated by certified personnel. Navigation lights should be ON when visibility is less than 5000 meters, in dusk, or during night operations, the navigation lights should Revision 0 Page 12-24

13 be ON. Mixture... LEAN 1)Set throttle 1200 RPM 2)Slowly retard the mixture to lean for Maximum RPM. 3)Set throttle 1000 RPM Avionics Power Switch... ON Radios... ON Flaps... RETRACT The flaps should be selected up in stages before flight to ensure the flap position stop works. (This checklist shall be performed just before engine start.) STARTING ENGINE (WITH EXTERNAL POWER) Throttle... OPEN ¼ INCH Mixture... IDLE CUT OFF Propeller Area... CLEAR External Power... CONNECT to airplane receptacle Master Switch... ON Flashing Beacon... ON NOTE IF, ENGINE IS WARM, OMIT PRIMING PROCEDURE OF STEP 1, 2 and 3 below 1. Auxiliary Fuel Pump Switch... ON 2. Mixture... SET FULL RICH Advance to stable fuel flow (usually 3-5 seconds) Mixture... IDLE CUT OFF Full aft position 3. Auxiliary Fuel Pump Switch... OFF Ignition Switch... START Release when engine starts Mixture... ADVANCE smoothly to RICH When engine starts NOTE IF ENGINE FLOODS (ENGINE HAS BEEN PRIMED TO MUCH), TURN OFF AUXILIARY FUEL PUMP, SET MIXTURE TO IDLE CUTOFF, OPEN THROTTLE ½ TO FULL, AND MOTOR (CRANK) ENGINE. WHEN ENGINE STARTS, SET MIXTURE TO FULL RICH AND CLOSE THROTTLE PROMPTLY. Throttle RPM SET Oil Pressure... CHECK External Power... DISCONNECT from airplane receptacle Secure external power door Electrical System... CHECK FOR PROPER OPERATION Master Switch... OFF Disconnects both battery and alternator from the system Revision 0 Page 13-24

14 Taxi and Landing light Switches... ON To provide an initial electrical load on the system) Engine RPM... REDUCE TO IDLE Minimum alternator output occurs at idle. Master Switch... ON With taxi and landing lights switched on The ammeter should indicate in the negative direction, showing that the alternator output is below the load requirements, but the battery is supplying current to the system. Engine RPM... INCREASE to approximately 1500 RPM As engine RPM increases, alternator output should increase to meet the system load requirements Ammeter and Low Voltage Annunciator... CHECK The ammeter should indicate in the positive direction, showing that the alternator is supplying current and the Low voltage Annunciator (VOLTS) should be lighted. Navigation lights... ON As required Mixture... LEAN Avionics Power Switch... ON Radios... ON Flaps... RETRACT Revision 0 Page 14-24

15 (This checklist shall be performed after engine start en before taxi.) BEFORE TAXI Avionics... SET DME set NAV 1 Intercom, set required mode and volume Audio panel set MIC selector to COM 1 Marker beacon, hold function selector in TEST and check lights COM1: - Select required COM station - Pull volume knob to TEST, to disable squelch circuit to allow audible verification of receiver operation, adjust volume control for desired audio level, push volume knob in to normal operation, - Select required standby COM station. COM2: - Select required COM station, - Pull volume knob to TEST, adjust volume control for desired audio level, push volume knob in to normal operation, - Select required standby COM station. NAV1/2: - Select simultaneously a suitable ILS freq. on NAV 1 and 2, - Select NAV 1 at audio panel to PHONE, pull volume control to IDENT and adjust for desire audio level. Set NAV 1 on audio panel off. Repeat procedure for NAV 2 Check if localizer and glide slope indication correspond with the aircraft s position in relation to the ILS, both on HSI and OBS, - Select simultaneously a suitable VOR freq. on NAV 1 and 2, - Select NAV 1 at audio panel to PHONE, pull volume control to IDENT and adjust for desire audio level. Set NAV 1 on audio panel off. Repeat procedure for NAV 2 - Perform OBS check, - Check, if applicable, current radial on RMI and call out the radial, - Centre HSI/OBS on radial by course selector. - Check OBS radial with RMI radial if applicable, - Turn course selector 10 degrees to the left of the centered radial and check a 5 dot deflection to the left, - Turn course selector 10 degrees to the right of the centered radial and check a 5 dot deflection to the right, - Turn course selector 90 degrees to the right of the centered radial and check a TO/FROM change. Repeat for NAV 2 with OBS - Set and identify the VOR and select the correct radials for the expected departure (both in NAV 1 and 2). Note 1: Usually the aircraft position will prevent reception of the GS signal. Note 2: In case of a VOT is selected a VOR signal conform radial 360 will be received, regardless of the actual position of the airplane. Note 3: Usually the aircraft position will prevent reception of an adequate DME signal. Transponder - Turn transponder to TST and hold. Reply light will illuminate, - Turn function back to STBY, - Set squawk, if no squawk received, set standard IFR/VFR squawk. Revision 0 Page 15-24

16 ADF - Select a suitable NDB, - Select ADF at audio panel to PHONE and adjust volume control to desired audio level, - Check correct ident, - Set ADF audio panel off, - Set ADF in ANT mode. The ADF pointer will go to the 90 degrees parked position, - Set ADF in ADF mode (the needle should return to the QDM through the shortest way), - Set NDB frequency for expected departure. Prior to subsequent flights: DME set NAV 1 Intercom, set required mode and volume Audio panel set MIC selector to COM 1 or 2 COM1: - Select required COM station, - Pull volume knob to TEST, to disable squelch circuit to allow audible verification of receiver operation, adjust volume control for desired audio level, push volume knob in to normal operation, - Select required standby COM station. COM2: - Select required COM station, - Pull volume knob to TEST, adjust volume control for desired audio level, push volume knob in to normal operation, - Select required standby COM station. NAV 1 - Set VOR frequency and radial for expected departure. Select NAV 1 at audio panel to PHONE, pull volume control to IDENT and adjust for desired audio level and check; Correct ident signal Correct DME indication - set NAV 1 on audio panel off. NAV 2 - Set VOR frequency and radial for expected departure, - Select NAV 2 at audio panel to PHONE, pull volume control to IDENT and adjust for desired audio level and check; Correct ident signal - set NAV 2 on audio panel off. Transponder, check function selector set STBY. - Set squawk, if no squawk received, set standard IFR/VFR squawk. ADF - Select required NDB, - Check function selector in ADF, - Select ADF at audio panel to PHONE and adjust volume control to desired audio level, - Check correct ident, - Set ADF on audio panel off. Revision 0 Page 16-24

17 Flight Instruments... CHECK and SET Time... NOTED Check OAT in accordance with ATIS. Check Air Speed Indicator indicates zero. Check Attitude indicator shows straight and level and has no flag. Adjust the miniature airplane. Check Altitude indicator shows field elevation, set to QNH. Check Vertical Speed Indicator zero. Check Directional Gyro is aligned with compass, and set heading bug. Check Turn & Bank indicator shows no flag, no turn, ball in the middle, if aircraft is on level ground. Set clock to UTC time. These checks should be done out loud the first time. This is the time at which the engine was started, and written in the Off-blocks sections of the required paperwork. Taxi Light... ON (This checklist items shall be performed during taxi. The checklist at the holding position before the run up.) TAXI Brakes... CHECKED Brakes should be checked as soon as you start moving on asphalt. Retard throttle to the idle position. Gently check the brake pressure on the pedals, but do not stop the aircraft. Gyro Instruments and Compass... CHECKED The gyro instruments and Compass should be checked as soon as you are off the apron and clear of other aircraft. Check in a left turn the turn and bank indicator with needle to the left and ball to the right. The Directional Indicator and the Compass should be decreasing. The Attitude Indicator should be steady. Vice Versa for the right turn. (This checklist shall be performed at the holding position, preferably into the wind just before departure. If possible leave room for other aircraft to pass.) ENGINE RUNUP Parking Brake... SET Throttle RPM SET Passenger Seat Backs... MOST UPRIGHT POSITION Seats and Seatbelts... CHECK SECURE Cabin Doors... CLOSED AND LOCKED Flight Controls... FREE AND CORRECT Yoke fully forward and left. Check left aileron up and right aileron down. Yoke fully forward and right. Check right aileron up and left aileron down. Return yoke to neutral. Pull yoke fully aft. Check elevator up. Check rudder free moving. Do not give full deflection on rudder since that would only wear out the bungee system. Flight Instruments... CHECKED and SET Fuel Quantity... CHECK Mixture... RICH Fuel Selector Valve... RECHECK BOTH Revision 0 Page 17-24

18 Engine Instruments... CHECK Check oil pressure in the green and check oil temperature needle alive. Back Area... CLEAR Throttle RPM - Magnetos... CHECK RPM drop should not exceed 150 RPM on either magneto or 50 RPM differential between magnetos - Vacuum Gage... CHECK - Engine Instruments and Ammeter... CHECK Annunciator Panel... Ensure no annunciators are illuminated Throttle... CHECK IDLE Verify smooth engine operation at idle speed of 575 to 625 RPM or less When selecting 1800 RPM you need to be aware the airplane may start to roll despite the fact the parking brake has been set. Therefore you make sure you are standing by to apply the brakes when this would happen. RPM drop should not exceed 150 RPM on either magneto or 50 RPM differential between magnetos. Switch to R position first and check the RPM drop, then switch back to BOTH. Switch to L position and check the RPM drop, then ensure magnetos are switched back to BOTH. The Vacuum gage should be indicating between the limits of 4.5 and 5.5 inches of mercury. If it is below this value the Attitude indicator and Directional gyro may malfunction. Aircraft should be examined or properly placarded by certified personnel. Check the oil pressure and temperature indications are within the green arc. Since the battery should normally be charged by now, the ammeter should be indicating within a needle width above 0. If in doubt check proper alternator function by switching ON the landing light for 3 to 5 seconds. The ammeter will remain within a needle width of its initial reading when functioning properly. If ammeter is still indicating a marked charge, or shows a significant drop when landing light is ON either the alternator and/or the battery has a malfunction. Test the annunciator panel lights by placing and holding the switch in TST position, make sure all the lights are illuminated. When releasing the switch make sure none of the lights are illuminated. Idle RPM indications should be between 575 and 625 RPM. Values above 1000 RPM shall not be accepted and the airplane has to be examined by certified personnel. Throttle RPM or LESS Throttle Friction Lock... ADJUST Set friction so that you can easily move the throttle, but it will not move by itself. Revision 0 Page 18-24

19 (This checklist shall be performed at the holding position, preferably into the wind just before departure. If possible leave room for other aircraft to pass.) BEFORE TAKE-OFF Strobe Lights... AS DESIRED Switch to ON position. Radios and Avionics... SET Adjust Avionics setup as necessary. This will generally mean you change to the tower frequency which will be used when ready for departure. NAV/GPS Switch (if installed)... SET Autopilot (if installed)... OFF Confirm transponder is set to the appropriate code, and switch transponder to ALT mode. Manual Electric Trim (if installed)... CHECK Elevator Trim... SET FOR TAKE OFF Normal trim position is indicated with a line. In case of a forward centre of gravity you can trim one stroke nose up, for an aft centre of gravity trim one stroke nose down. Wing Flaps... 0 º -10 º SET Set flaps for takeoff. Flap deflections greater than 10 are not approved for takeoff. Brakes... RELEASE (These checklist items shall be performed by memory. In case of single pilot operation these items shall be performed standing still. Line up clearance(if applicable) must be received.) RUNWAY ITEMS After completion of the crew briefing, taxi the airplane to the yellow line. After having obtained line-up or take-off clearance and crossing the yellow holding line perform Runway items checklist: Take Off Clearance... RECEIVED Lights... SET Pitot Heat... ON Transponder... ON or ALT SET Runway Heading... CHECKED Time... NOTED Check compass is indicating published or close to published runway magnetic track, the numbers on the runway are accordingly, and that the Directional Gyro is still aligned with compass. Note time when circumstances permit (This checklist shall be performed by memory during take-off.) TAKE OFF NORMAL TAKE OFF See general SOP s for detailed procedure Wing Flaps º Throttle... FULL OPEN Mixture... RICH Above 3000 feet, LEAN to obtain maximum RPM Elevator Control... LIFT NOSE WHEEL At 55 KIAS Climb Speed KIAS Refer to SAI SOP S Standard operating procedures require a climb speed of 74 KIAS Revision 0 Page 19-24

20 SHORT FIELD TAKE OFF Wing Flaps º Brakes... APPLY Throttle... FULL OPEN Mixture... RICH Above 3000 feet, LEAN to obtain maximum RPM Brakes... RELEASE Elevator Control... SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW Climb Speed...57 KIAS Until all obstacles are cleared, thereafter refer to SAI SOP s SOP s require a climb speed of 74 KIAS. Note: if a maximum performance climb is necessary, use speeds shown in Rate of Climb chart in section 5 of the POH. (This checklist shall be performed when time permits, clear of obstacles and at or above 400 ft HAA. This is not applicable when staying in the circuit, this checklist shall then be performed by memory.) AFTER TAKE-OFF Throttle... FULL OPEN Engine Instruments... CHECKED Check all engine instruments in the green Wing Flaps... RETRACT Slowly after reaching 60 KIAS in case of short field take off. (This checklist shall be performed when passing transition altitude, leaving the CTR or continuing cruise below transition altitude whichever comes first.) CLIMB Airspeed to 85 KIAS Refer to SAI SOP s NOTE IF A MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE CLIMB IS NESCESSARY, USE SPEEDS SHOWN IN THE RATE OF CLIMB CHART IN SECTION 5 OF THE FAA APPROVED FLIGHT MANUAL. SOPs require a climb speed of 75 KIAS. Note: if a maximum performance climb is necessary, use speeds shown in Rate of Climb chart in section 5 of the POH. Altimeter... SET Landing Light... SET Engine Instruments... CHECKED Below and at transition altitude altimeter is set to the regional QNH, after passing transition altitude during climb altimeter is set to "standard" HPA. Normally off, but SCD Check all engine instruments in the green Throttle... FULL OPEN Mixture... RICH Above 3000 feet, LEAN to obtain maximum RPM Revision 0 Page 20-24

21 (This checklist shall be performed after levelling off for cruise.) CRUISE Directional Gyro... CHECKED Check if the Directional Gyro is aligned with the magnetic compass. Fuel Quantity... CHECKED Engine Instruments... CHECKED Power RPM No more than 80% is recommended Check fuel remaining with fuel planned. Check all engine instruments in the green. Set throttle to required rpm, normal cruise is performed between 45% and 75% power. Elevator Trim... ADJUST Mixture... LEAN (This checklist shall be performed after starting a descent.) DESCENT Power... AS DESIRED Mixture... ADJUST for smooth operation Full rich for idle power Engine Instruments... CHECKED Altimeter... SET For airwork exercises the mixture will be rich. Otherwise mixture should be leaned according AOM/POH. Refer to SAI SOP s for applicable RPM settings. When flying with lean mixture enrich mixture during descend. Often it will be possible to select full rich. When starting a descent from a high altitude, selecting full rich mixture might cause a rough running engine. Check all engine instruments in the green. When descending to an altitude set altimeter to local or regional QNH. NAV/GPS Switch (if installed)... SET Fuel Selector Valve... BOTH (This checklist shall be performed when cleared to an altitude (if applicable) and inbound for a landing. Revision 0 Page 21-24

22 During circuit training this checklist has to be performed at downwind in which Avion Training items must be omitted, except for the item ENGINE INSTRUMENTS ) BEFORE LANDING Altimeter SET Set altimeter to QNH. Directional Gyro... CHECKED Engine Instruments... CHECKED Check if the Directional Gyro is aligned with the magnetic compass. Check all engine instruments in the green. Pilot and Passenger Seat Backs... MOST UPRIGHT POSITION Seats and Seat Belts...SECURED and LOCKED Fuel Selector Valve... BOTH Mixture... RICH When flying with lean mixture enrich mixture during descent. Often it will be possible to select full rich. When starting a descent from a high altitude, selecting full rich mixture might cause a rough running engine. Landing/Taxi Lights... ON Autopilot (if installed)... OFF (This checklist shall be performed when established on final) FINAL Flaps SET (This checklist shall be performed by memory during landing and doesn t need to be called out loud.) LANDING NORMAL LANDING Airspeed KIAS (Flaps UP) Wing Flaps... AS DESIRED 0º-10º below 110 KIAS, 10º-30º below 85 KIAS This airspeed is meant to be a mindset. Depending on the configuration during the final approach speed a speed between 65 and 75 KIAS shall be flown. Airspeed KIAS Flaps DOWN Touchdown... MAIN WHEELS FIRST SOP s require flaps 30 0 and an approach speed of 65 KIAS. In case of a flapless landing the approach speed will be 70 KIAS. See general SOP s for our detailed landing procedure. Landing Roll... LOWER NOSE WHEEL GENTLY Braking... MINIMUM REQUIRED SHORT FIELD LANDING Airspeed KIAS (Flaps UP) This airspeed is meant to be a mindset. Depending on the configuration during the final approach speed a speed between 65 and 75 KIAS shall be flown. Upon making a decision for a short field landing a final speed of 61 KIAS shall be flown after flaps 30 0 selection. Wing Flaps... FULL DOWN (30º) Airspeed...62 KIAS Until Flare Power... REDUCE to idle after clearing obstacle Revision 0 Page 22-24

23 Touchdown... MAIN WHEELS FIRST See general SOP s for our detailed landing procedure. Brakes... APPLY HEAVILY Wing Flaps... RETRACT BALKED LANDING Throttle... FULL OPEN Wing Flaps...RETRACT TO 20º Climb Speed...55 KIAS Wing Flaps... 10º Until Obstacles are Cleared Wing Flaps... RETRACT (After Reaching a Safe Altitude and 65 KIAS) See SOP s for school procedures regarding flap retraction. (This checklist shall be performed by memory after vacating the runway. The checklist may be performed rolling during single pilot operations but on straight taxiways only. The checklist shall then be read when on the parking position.) AFTER LANDING Pitot Heat... OFF Transponder STANDBY Lights... SET Switch transponder to STBY mode. Switch off the landing light and Strobe lights. During daytime only the beacon light is on. However if visibility is below 5000 meters or during night operations, the navigation lights should also be on. During night operations we also use the taxi light. If the taxi light is not available, the landing light may be used. Wing Flaps... UP Time... NOTED Mixture... LEAN This will be the time written in the Landing time sections of the required paperwork after the flight is done. 1)Set throttle 1200 RPM 2)Slowly retard the mixture to lean for Maximum RPM. 3)Set throttle 1000 RPM (This checklist shall be performed when on parking position.) SECURING AIRPLANE Parking Brake... SET Electrical Equipment... OFF Autopilot (if installed)... OFF Avionics Master Switch... OFF Mixture... IDLE CUT OFF Pulled Full Out Ignition Switch... OFF Before switching OFF the magnetos wait until the propeller has come to a stop, then take the ignition key out and place it in front of the fuel shut-off valve. Revision 0 Page 23-24

24 Beacon Light... OFF Master Switch... OFF Aircraft Information Control Lock... INSTALL Install the control lock with the red tag in front of the ignition switch. Fuel Selector Valve... LEFT or RIGHT To Prevent Cross-Feeding Time... NOTED This will be the time written in the On blocks time sections of the required paperwork after the flight is done. (This checklist shall be performed after the stall briefing and just before the (stall) exercise.) PRE STALL Briefing... COMPLETED Safety Belts... FASTENED Loose Items... STOWED Fuel selector... BOTH Engine Instruments... CHECKED Check the oil pressure and temperature indications are within the green arc. Mixture... RICH A.P.O.S... PERFORMED See SOP s (This checklist shall be performed when stabilized on altitude/level after the (stall) exercise.) AFTER STALL Flaps... UP SET Mixture SET Engine Instruments... CHECKED Directional Gyro... CHECKED Orientation... CHECKED Check the oil pressure and temperature indications are within the green arc. Check if the Directional Gyro is aligned with the magnetic compass. Check your position and direction of flight. Revision 0 Page 24-24