DESIGNER's C0MMENTS RULES OF PLAY

Transcription

1 An Game Feature Eastfrnt Armred Cmbat with Miniatures (TAC-3 20mm) Arnld Hendricks Many gamers hld that there is n basic difference between bard and miniatures type games, aside frm the superficial changes in scale and the use f mdels instead f cunters. T try and determine, ne way r anther, if this is true the fllwing game has been develped frm the TSG Tactical Game 3. The designer, Mr. Hendricks, is basically a miniatures gamer with a wide backgrund in bard games. He des nt cnsider this game as ne f the best miniatures games arund, but it shuld suffice t intrduce the miniatures apprach t thse nt familiar with it We have ther miniatures type games in prgress. Yur respnse t this ne will decide what will be dne with them. Reply n yur FEEDBACK. T 34 TEST COUNTERS Fr thse f ur readers wh d nt have the inclinatin r the cash and/r the machanical skill t btain and assemble the plastic mdels usually used in games such as T the ever thughtful editrs f STRATEGY & TACTCS have included with this issue a reasnable facsimile f sme f the units in T 34: Readers wh are nt miniatures'freaks shuld use these paper facsimiles t test T 34 'befre investing in a plastic' armred divisin. T assemble the cunters. cut them ut alng the slid black lines. and fld them alng the dtted black lines s that each cunter frms a tent like structure. Glue r tape them tgether at the base (see diagram). GAME STUATONS Miniatures lend themselves particularly well t use in tactical level games. Perhaps the main advantage f miniatures is the ptential f the game situatins t be easily put tgether by the players themselves. And that's what yu can d with T 34:' That's what yu d in miniatures. DESGNER's C0MMENTS Tac 3/20mm isn't exactly the mst detailed miniature WWllland wargame arund. n fact. it is really just a direct steal frm TACTCAL GAME N.3 f the TSG. What hpe it will d is prvide that real bridge between bard and miniatures, t gat each side f the fence partly n the ther. Miniature wargamers are going t find having cmbat factrs and a CRT a bit strange. while bard wargamers are going t find all thse tank mdels and painted figures weird t. n fact, the lack f hexagns alne is startling enugh. The rules are neither cmplex nr cm prehensive, if anything they were designed t be clear. This game is a 'quickie', fast t set up. almst as fast t play. Fr thse tactical histrians with the what if_. it is a tl fr endless answers. By nw yu shuld have enugh rganizatinal infrmatin t be able t set up varius German and Russian frmatin using platns and cmpanies as building blcks. Pick yur terrain and bjectives. and have at it. f yur imaginatin fails yu, sme reading int the real cmpaign and sme f the battles shuld prduce enugh fd fr thught. Fr the fun minded, persnally have a set f rders cards each cntain ing an rder f battle and a missin fr ne side. set up a Russian and German deck befre each battle, and thus players remain in the dark abut enemy frces and bjectives Fr thse wh find Tac 3/2Omm just a nice take-ff pint fr 1944 vintage land miniatures, nte that S&T des indeed have cnsiderably mre detailed and simulatin-riented rules arund. knw because have designed and tested ne set myselfl Naturally, all it takes is a lt f tittle ntices frm yu t prduce them in an upcming issue. RULES OF PLAY VOCABULARY Unit: ne playing piece (either a stand f men r a vehicle) AFV: Any vehicle ther than a truck r halftrack nfantry: any infantry unit, including engi neers and special types f ft trps Heavy Weapns: any unit with an artillery piece, mrtar, anti tank gun, rcket. etc., etc. PROCEDURE OF PLAY Usually the Russian playllr will mve first. Then the German player. After each player mves. bth players fire all their units they wish t at the enemy. The mving player fires all his units he desires first, then the ther player fires his survivrs. Thus the prcedure fr a full turn is: Russians mve. Russians fire, Germans fire; Germans mve, Germans fire. Russians fire. This is a cmplate turn, which has tw mves (ne fr each side) and fur runds f firing (tw fr each side). Scale: each turn is 6 minutes f battle, each inch is abut 85 meters. MOVEMENT OF UNTS Yu may mve during yur mve as many f yur units as yu wish. including all r nne. Hwever, yu must finish the mve f ne unit befre starting that f ather. Yu may mve a unit any speed up t its tp speed, but never faster, and must take int accunt all delays and mvement restrictins as given belw: Yu may never mve thrugh r nt any ther unit friendly r enemy. Certain terrain features will effect the mvement f a unit: HLL SLOPES: any unit, but infantry. going up a hill slpe takes three times as lng. Thus fr every ne inch f slpe climbed three inches f regular crss-cuntry mvement are used. There is n delay fr mving acrss the flat tps f hills. r mving dwnhill. STREAMS: crssing streams impses the seme delay as climbing slpes except infantry t are effected. RVERS: rivers are impasseble. Frds are cnsidered streams fr mvement purpses. FORESTS: nly infantry and heavy weapns are allwed in frests. There is n speed reductin fr frests. BULDNGS: any unit can mve thrugh buildings. and there is n speed reductin fr mving thrugh it. ROUGH TERRAN: rcky and badly brken grund nrmally will prhibit the mvement f any vehicles in it. This is up t the individual players since n general rule can be hnestly frmulated in this department t ANY degree. ROADS will allw units t mve mre quickly than nrmal: NFANTRY. HEAVY WEAPONS, AND HALFTRACKS mve 2 On the rad fr every 1 f crss-cuntry mve expended. (Other wise saying, they duble their speed.) TRUCKS triple their crss-cuntry speed while n rads. Bth these categries can cmbine crss-cuntry and rad mvement in any way they desire. AFV's have a 17 rad bnus. Hwever. t receive this bnus they MUST mve at least half their mvement rate n the rad. When they finish mving this distance they are free t mve up t 17 mre free f charge t their crss-cuntry rate. All units, regardless f situatin (unless pinned, see ptinal rules) may mve at least 1 if they s desire. Trucks and Half tracks may each carry ne infantry r heavy weapn unit each. Tanks can carry nly infantry units. Picking up (embark ing) and drpping ff (disembarking) a unit csts 4 f the carrying vehicle's mve. This vehicle must have 4 f crss-cuntry mve ment left in rder t embark r disembark units. Remember that yu must mve ne unit at a time. and cmplete the mve f ne befre starting anther. Thus a unit cannt mve at bth ends f the line in the same turn. s t speak. Units that were bth embarked and disembarked in the same turn cannt fire, and shuld have their weapns pinted away frm the enemy t signify this. German tanks carrying infantry cannt fire while infantry are abard. and als shuld have their weapns pinted away t signify this. While a unit is being carried it is helpless and withut defensive value, if the unit carrying it is destryed. s is the unit being carried. FRNG T fire at the enemy a unit must have the target visible t it. must have an unbstructed line f fire. and must be within the maximum range f the firing unit. n the basic game all units are deemed fully visible. 33xs

2 bs Mst weapns have a flat trajectry f fire. Thus yu may nt fire thrugh ther units, buildings, r terrain features (such as hills, intervening frests, etc.). T make sure f this, sight frm the firing unit t the target, if mre than a quarter f the target is nt visible frm ne pint f view f the firing unit, assume it cannt be hit. Yu must have a CLEAR sht. Then measure the range frm the firing unit t the target, if the distance is greater than the maximum range f the firing unit, the target cantbeh. Yu are allwed t have several units cmbine their firing factrs at ne target. Yu' are allwed t fire at the same target mre than nce prvided yu use separate units r grups f units, because each unit can nly fire nce per rund. When firing yu annunce the target fr each unit r grup f units befre checking line-f-sight and range. f fr sme reasn the target selected cannt be hit, the firing units are assumed t have fired fr that rund and missed. Yu then g n t the next unit r grup f units and select their target- it can be the same ne! T reslve firing that is legal, ttal the firing values f the units shting. Cmpare this t the defensive value f the target (which may be dubled in certain circumstances, see belw). This gives yu a shter-defender dds cmparisn, which yu must reduce t its simplest frm. Divide the defensive value int the firing value, and drp any fractins. Cmpare this number t 1 and yu have it in its simplest frm. Tw pzkw tanks firing at a Russian infantry cmpany have dds f 26-16, which is runded t 1-1. After determining the dds, cnsult the survival table and rll the die. Depending upn the dds and die rll, the target may survive r be destryed. Dn't frget, if ne unit misses, yu can always have smene else wh hasn't fired yet,sht at it. TERRAN AND DEFENSVE VALUES n a building all units inside cmbine their defense values int ne number, which is then dubled. This is the nly effect buildings have in the game. n frests each individual unit is dubled. Units may fire int frests r buildings, but may nt fire thrugh them at targets beynd. Units n a hill slpe that are fired n frm ABOVE have their defensive values cut in half. f the firing units are bth abve and belw the target n the slpe, the target keeps its nrmal defensive value. TERRAN AND FRNG VALUES Any units that are firing at a range f 3 r less triple their firing value. Any units that finish their turn in a stream AND are firing at 3 r less have their firing values nly multiplied by 1 % (ignre fractins) instead f 3. Any AFV's r Anti-Tank guns firing at any vehicle will duble their firing values when firing at ranges ver 3 but at r under half their maximum range. RUSSAN NFANTRY Russian infantry always lacked gd anti -tank weapns. Therefre, when firing at any AFV these units have a firing value f 2 instead f 5. This new value is still subject t all terrain and range alteratins. Optinally guard Russian infantry can be given a value f 3 (depending upn whether yu believe Sviet histrians r nt). OVER-RUNNNG Any AFV r half track can verrun anyne enemy infantry r heavy weapns unit. The victim must be n flat, pen grund; nt n a hill slpe (but it can be n a hill tp), nt in rugh terrain, nr in a building r a frest. The verruning unit may nt crss a bridge r stream.and verrun the enemy in the same mve. T verrun a unit, simply mve the ver-running unit directly nt yur victim and finish yur turn tuching yur victim and ging further. Yu may nt finish the turn upn the victim. N ther unit can drive thrugh the space f a dead verrun unit the turn it was verrun, but a unit can be verrun mre than nce (even if killed the first time). When a unit is verrun, the crushing effect is immediatelv evaluated. The firing value f the verruning unit is tripled, and cmpared t the regular defense value f the victim. The result is reslved like nrmal firing, but immediatelv after the verruning unit finishes its particular mve. Anv ther unit passing thrugh the area f the verrun victim must behave as if it was verruning, even if the victim was alreadv killed. Thus yu cannt verrun a unit successfullv and pen up a hle fr ther units t mve thrugh. MlNEFELDS When a unit runs int a minefield the ppnent (wh had them all marked n a secret map befre the game started) tells him f this fact. The victim must immediatelv stp nce fullv int the field. During the next firing rund the wner f the field gets, he may fire the minefield just like a nrmal gun at the trespassing unit. The minefield has a value f 20, and ther units are allwed t jin in. On the next mve fr the trespassing unit, it can mve 3 (r less if its maximum is less). f still in the minefield it must arain stp and be attacked nce mre bv the minefield, if nt, it may cntinue. A minefield nlv attacks nce between mves f the trespassing unit, n the first firing rund immediatelv after the cntact is made. A minefield can attack an unlimited amunt f t imes, and an unlimited amunt f units in any ne turn. An engineer unit can lav an area f mines equal t its wn size in 5 turns. t can clear an area equal t its wn size in 2 turns. Onlv engineers can lav r clear mines. T d this they must nt fire befre r after the mve, and may t mve. This is ne turn f clearing. f an Engineer unit is destryed bv fire befre its task is cmpleted, the jb must be started all ver again. Engineers shu d nt be allwed t lav mines during the game because the trps dn't usuallv g arund carrying a dzen r s mines all the time. But in special situatins this may be altered. OPTONAL RULES The fllwing ptinal rules are designed fr miniature wargamers wh desire a mre cmplex and variable battle. Games using these rules t any degree will take lnger, and are best handled with multiple cmmanders n each side. Plavers are encuraged t chse their wn rules, but frm a realism standpint High Trajectrv Fire and Pinning Fire shuld be the first t be used. HGH TRAJECTORY FRE German artillerv (mrtars, hwitzers, rckets) perating with infantry units maintained gd enugh cmmunicatin prcedures in flu id situatins s that the infantry culd ften call up fr artillerv supprt and guide the fire t target althugh the firing guns culd nt see the target_ Therefre, any target able t be fired upn bv German infantry can als be fired upn bv German artillerv. The artillerv firing upn the target d nt have t be able t see the target in rder t fire. But remember, the target des have t be within range f tt>'! infantrv. n mu ' _.-..,aver games, German cmmanders can use artillery units under their wn cmmand nlv: they may never fire at targets visible nlv t smene else's cmmand, and cannt brrw artillerv supprt r guns frm smene else. n single plaver games plavers with a passin fr cmplexitv can als recreate this lack f crss-cmmand artillerv supprt netwrks. At the start f the game rganize fr each battalin certain artillerv units, and give regimental artillery t a battalin als. The guns f each battalin perate separatelv, as in tll'e multi-plaver game, under the visual directin f the infantry f that battalin. Russians are cnsidered t have such a pr cmmunicatins system that n fire f this nature is allwed. German artillerv, because f its high trajectrv, can fire ver any friend V r enemy units, but the target has t be visible t the directing infantry unit (and within the firing range f that infantry unit). ARTLLERY OBSERVERS ndividual men are used in this rule as artillerv bservers. These, instead f infantry units. direct the artillerv fire. Artillerv bservers may travel with any unit they s desire, and when ne unit passes next t the ther and tuches, the figure f the bserver may be transferred t the next unit. Observers have n cmbat r mvement pwer f their wn, and share the fate f the unit they are attached t. Observers can see 20; in buildings this is increased t 25, and n high hills t 30. German bservers are attached at the rate f 2 per battalin, and 1 extra (the artillery fficer) per regiment f infantry. Separate artillerv battalins als have bservers (1 fr each). n the battalin each bserver has the abilitv t call dwn all artillery in that battalin. Anv regimental r independent guns attached t the battalin he als cntrls. At the beginning f the game the German cmmander shuld make clear secretlv just wh cntrls what. Regimental and independent artillery can remain under the cntrl f their cmmanders, r be farmed ut t the battalins. Russians are allwed 1 bserver fr each infantry brigade, and 1 bserver fr each independent artillery battalin. With bservers all the ther high-trajectry rules fr bth Russians and Germans are in effect. Nte that bservers cnsiderablv cmplicate the whle game, and shuld nt be used by anybdy less than an experienced die-hard artillervman. PNNNG FRE nfantry and heavy weapns. being directlv expsed t fire, wi ften take cver in battle situatins and advance slwly r nt at.all. t is

3 assumed in this game that all trps are well enugh trained t cntinue t mve under fire t sme degree. A prly trained unit will stp cmpletely when pinned dwn. Whenever a pinned dwn result cmes up n the survival table the unit is still living but pinned. Units that this happens t shuld be s nted (a straight pin stuck in the trp stand is a handy symblic nte). Pinned infantry units can nly mve 1 a turn and have n rad bnus. Pinned heavy weapn units cannt mve at all. After the mvement turn fr a player is finished all pinned markers frm his trps shuld be remved. Unless the unit(s) are again pinned they are free t mve their full rate n their next mve. Pinned units are allwed t bard trucks r halftracks. but nt tanks. AFV's can supprt infantry. thus prtecting them frm being pinned. T supprt an infantry unit. the AFV must finish its turn adjacent t the infantry. and vice versa. During the firing after the mve. the infantry and/r heavy weapns cannt be pinned s lng as there survives an AFV tuching them. Pinned units are unable t cnstruct r clear minefields. and cannt dig in (frtify). DGGNG N At the start f the game players may smetimes wish t fight a mre static battle situatin. n this case they might allw units t be dug in. n ther games mre daring players might allw digging in during the game. Units digging r dug shuld have imitatin raw dirt. and perhaps camuflage nets n and abut them t signify this fact. n the rules belw. digging n and frtificatin is cnsidered ne and the same. At the start f the game units are allwed t be frtified in a hasty r prepared manner. During the game units will nly be allwed t make hasty' frtificatins. Cnstructin f hasty frtificatins takes 5 turns f wrk. Prcedure fr infantry building hasty frtificatins is the same as fr engineers laying mines (see Minefield rules. last paragraph). Only infantry and heavy weapns can make hasty frtificatins during the game. Prepared 'frtificatins are just like having a building arund yu. Hasty frtificatin will duble the unit frtified. but there is n cmbinatin f defense factrs. Frtificatin in huses r frests is nt nrmally allwed because it takes a very lng time. Hwever. players may allw this. in which case units triple. Frtified units can be cnsidered t be wrth twice their nrmal pint value. Once enemy units ccupy the frtificatins they are autmatically destryed. BLOWNG BRDGES After any engineer unit passes ver a bridge it may try t blw it. When a bridge is declared blwn. rll the die: 1.2.3,4: bridge is cmpletely destryed 5: bridge cllapses. nly infantry and 81 r 82mm mrtars can crss it. and nly at 3 per turn. (These units can be pinned while crssing, f curse,) 6: charge fails and bridge remains intact. f ne engineer unit fails t d the jb right, the next t pass ver the bridge can try again. Remember thugh, the bridge must be blwn immediately after the mve f that engineer unit. SOFT GROUND & MUD n sft grund r mud all units but infantry and mrtars are slwed dwn. f the mud is bad enugh t slw infantry and mrtars, it is prbably s bad that vehicles and ther heavy weapns COUldn't get thrugh at all. n sft grund r mud new verland mvement speeds are in rder, as fllws: Heavy Weapns (besides mrtars): 0; Trucks: 1; Half tracks: 12; AFV's: 20: T-34/c; 16: T-34/85, SU-85, pzkw V, J.Pz V; 12: JS-, JS-, SU-l00, pzkw V, J.PZ lv, StuG ; 11: PzKW Via, Hetzer; 8: pzkw Vlb, J.Pz V. ARMORED CARS Armred cars have the same mvement rate and mvement rules as trucks. RULES FOR THE GAME TABLE CAPACTES t is suggested that individual buildings shuld be allwed t hld any 3 German units r any 2 Russian units, but never trps f the same side. Buildings' in a twn shuld be within 3 f each ther. Factries, state farms, and ther cnglmerates f buildings (perhaps 3-6 buildings large) shuld be frmed s almst all the buildings are within 3 f each ther s an accurate picture f street fighting can be frmed. FORESTS t is als suggested that frests be given capacities and rganized int sectins, each sectin crrespnding tthe capacity f ne building. This will simplify frest battles cnsiderably. Frests in this game are cnsidered t be relatively dense stands f trees. HLLS The cmmn methd f making hills n the game table: cnturs, leads t prblems as t what is slpe and what is hilltp. Players may wish t specify this befre the game starts r use an alternate system. This writer builds up hills f wd and bks, and then stretches ver the tp an imitatin grass mat (as usad in HO train layuts) which is carefully tacked dwn t the table at varius key pints s that ridges, valleys, slpes, and hill tps are all easily frmed. MUL T-COMMANDER GAMES t is nt recmmended that players have mre than ne cmmander fr every tw feet f table space available. Players shuld als have at least a brigade (Russian) r. regiment (German) f trps t cmmand in :m interesting game. With artillery rules cmmand systems take n a vital rle. Cmmunicatin between cmmanders n the same side shuld either be during enemy mves via secret ntes (can write ne nte per enemy mve) r by verbal cmmunicatin that can be clearly heard by the enemy. UNT CONSTRUCTON-using mdels All vehicles are generally assumed t be 2Yz x 1 Yz. The slight variat in in size frm this nrm by 20mm vehicles is nt imprtant. The Minitanks line f vehicles is suggested as excellent and cheap scaled mdels, althugh they are mre and mre difficult t find. Sme players may als prefer t glue pieces f figures realistically int turret hatches and driver's seats. All German infantry and heavy unit stands shuld be 2Yz x 1. The 3 figures (a gd nrm fr representative purpses) shuld be arranged s they are facing lengthwise dwn the stand, and the frnt is a 1 side f the stand. This is because the 1 side will prbably be ften facing the enemy in cncentrated attack dispsitins. All Russian infantry and heavy weapn units shuld have stands 2Yz x 1 Yz. These stands shuld have 5 figures each, facing in the same way as the German stands. 3/16[ balsa wd makes gd stands. mitatin HO sale grass glued t the tp arund the feet f the men makes a realistic appearance, while sides f the stand shuld be painted a shade f green clse t the clr f the grass. G 1'man unifrms were Feldgrau (Gray Green) which was clser t dark green than anything else. Russian unifrms were khaki, althugh ften dirty, which is clse t a tan clr. Details f the figures and guns is up t the individual players. f curse. German vehicles were painted camuflage clrs ind ividually by their crews, and have n set clr. Russian tanks were mstly frest green withut any visible insignia. The Russians, frtunately fr us, made extensive use f U.S. trucks (easy t find items in hbby stres). Using 20mm scale. the rest f the game table can be set up using HO scale equipment. Artillery bservers are individual men withut stands. pz V SG xs

4 GERMAN UNTS SPEED (inches) ' i' (. indi8tes unit-types nfantry 3 given asfpaper mdels).. 81mm'Mr1Br 3 120rhm Mrtar 1 J UNT COMBAT FACTORS' 75mm Hwitzer 1.' 150mm Hwitzer 1 75mmGun 1 RUSSAN SPEED RANGE ATTACK DEFENSE 88mm Gun 1 - UNTS (inches) Cinches) FACTOR FACTOR Engineer 3 nfantry mmMrUr -; rilm Mrtar mmGun mm Gun 1 24.,.-- 85mmGun 1 36 Engineers 3 6 T-34c j-- T 34/ JS ---r 21 sa' ---- JS 21 sa' ,-- 27' SU suss, Half Track 3a' Truck :.. 12 pz V PZV pz Via (.'.L PzVlb ,- -,- StG PzJg V PzJg V ! PzJg V 17' 9 9 Hetzer r L: Neshm 22' 14 <, -.:;-- 12 Half Track , Truck Armd Car/20 2a'! ' Armd Car/50 N' 2 4 Armd Carn5 20, 0 1 Rkt Battery 1..,( -, RANGE ATTACK DEFENSE (inches) FACTOR FACTOR 6a' 20.' a' 20 '. '1 S , ,-- -,-.,., , T , _-'1 j r. 1.'t '--.0-; -... j 6 2, ,.- - t, J n-'i7,- 6a' ,- ;; ' s S SURVVAL TABLE Basic dds: EXPLANATON: Die Rll OA * * - 5 r;- ;.* L * 4-1 5* 5-1 r greater OA: defender's value is greater than that f the attacker. f the defender's value is mre than twice that f the attacker, the attacker autmatically has n effect. 0: es a result, this signifies that the target is destryed. 5: as 'a result, this signifies that the target survives. 5 : as a result, this signifies that the target survives, hwever, using the ptinal Pinned Dwn rule it als means that i'nfantry r heavy weapns units as targets are pinned dwn. X <0 C)

5 1 EASTFRONT ANALYSS: Part OrpaizatiD f Sviet Grd Frees 9/39 SOVET RFLE DVSON.. (18,800 men) GERMAN NFANTRY DVSON (17,2 men) 12/42 SOVET RF!..E DVSON.. (9,619 men),,, m '10 (2450) 3750 men (2300) Rcn (550) Lt. (490) MG (220) (650) (850) f men Rcn (625) (474) (550) (843) r;;l (2400) ' ' men RCf 2474 men 206SMG 650SMG 18MG 207 MG S 36ATR (2 54ATR 2476G 1850 Mtr H 2782 Mtr 48MT 7120 Mtr (1 99 HD 1245 G 476 H 21 MT ( HD ;;l (550) 9/39 SOVET RFLE DVSON-On paper it was a cntemprary f the '39 German infantry divisin. n fact, it was mre lavishly equipped than its German cunterpart, having a light tank battalin the German unit lacked. Despite its bulk, it did,nt pssess either the structual unity r the trained persnnel t be as effective as the German divisin. This was shwn when this type f divisin was severely mauled by the Finns during the 1940 war GERMAN NFANTRY DV SON-An updated versin f the highly successful 1918 German STOSS (assault) DVSON. ts majr drawback was that it was nt mtrized. But in situatins that did nt require tactical mbility this unit was, in 1941, unbeat able. t pssessed a highly efficient and pwerful artillery cmpnent. Betwaen 1941 and 1943 the size f varius weapns, particularly anti tank, in creased frm 37mm t 75 mm. Als, in late 1943 mre 120mm mrtars (direct cpies f the riginal Russian design) appeared. This unit had abut eight times as many radis as its Sviet equivalent. 12/42 SOVET RFLE DVSON Cmpared t the 9/39 divisin this unit was: 50% weaker in manpwer, had 15% fewer infantry,.2200 mre SMG's, 17% fewer MG's, 250% mre anti-tank rifles, 31 % fewer 50mm mrtars, 360% mre 82mm mrtars, 75% mre 120mm mrt ars, 7% fewer anti tank guns, 24% fewer 76mm guns, 70% less artillery, 77% fewer mtr veh icles, 69% fewer hrse drawn vehicles, 17% mre guns and 18% less firepwer. Man fr man, the 12/42 divisin had 64% mre firepwer than the 9/39 divisin. By the end f the wllr there were sme 400 divisins f this type. Few were ever at their authrized stre very little fat c wasted away quicl few days f inter rifle divisin wult half its paper stn ally stripped f i nf then either be u pletely wiped ut r pu lied ut f ' (a prcess that COl a few weeks). S were nt kept replacements as v divisins S0V'ET MOTO MECHANZED BRGADE 1<::)1\3300 men) SOVET TANK BRGADE 1 <::)H1306 men) SOVET MOTORZED RFLE BRGADE C8j(3247 men) SOV (290) 10 (750) tanks 76 G (280) 10 Rcn (410) ( men 30SMG 21 T MT 181 SMG (403) ATR (44), S:Zl 45 G (52), MG (48) (300) 10 (199)0 0 82/120 Mtr 76 G (224) 662 men,, 241 SMG 54MG 18ATR 682 Mtr C8j SMG (100) Rcn (144),, 445G T MT (121 ) MG (48) O ''''''n\ (1306)

6 37xs 38xs 39xs 40xs GERMAN NFANTRY DVSO.N 1Z(1,2352 men) SOVET TANK BRGADE CJ (1700 men) C8J 2451 men Rcn (708) 2008 men 164SMG 332SMG 69MG 131 MG H 1281 Mtr (484) H 8120 Mtr 30MT 36ATL 441 HD 1rr G (620) 675 H 45MT 242 HD 51 (379) 1(160) 0 76 G (280) 10 tanks (130) Rcn (160) [: J (140) MG (1.10) 1;;1 (450) (1500) )r lng. Having n, the divisins mbat. After a,bat the 12/42 wn t less than and be practic The unit wuld :il it was cmhen disbanded, : fr rebuilding ccmplished in Rifle Divisins line and fed estern infantry 1944 'GERMAN NFANTRY DV SON-The Germans had suffered enrmu's persnnel lsses during their first tw years in Russia, and culd n lnger keep their infantry units up t strength. Therefre, in late 1943, the 1944 infantry divisin was authrizes. Practically every German infantry divisin rerganized under the new plan and as a result mst divisins were brught up t strength. n additin, 16 new infantry divisins were rganized (nly 24 had been raised since June '41 and 15 f these were static divisins fr the west frnt). The majr change was a reductin f the number f infantry battalins frm nine t six (each regiment lst ne battalin). The number f rifle platns per cmpany was reduced frm fur t three. n early '44 further changes were made, with the number f men in the infantry squad reduced frm 10 t 9 and the number f machineguns reduced frm 15 t 13, Fllwing the Russian mdel, the number f rear echeln persnnel was cut cnsiderably. The net result was that the ttal manpwer was reduced 27% while the ttal firepwer increased 25% (based n the riginal 1939 armament, but this had been incfeased because f an increase in the caliber f certain weapns, such as anti-tank guns and 120mm mrtars. The actual increase in firepwer was prbably clser t 10%). The amunt f artillery stayed the same while the amunt f infantry decreased 32%. t was an emergency measure and it wrked SOVET TANK BRGADE Basically, the prblem with this unit was t many tanks and practically n infantry at all. Mst units f this type were destryed during '41. The new '42 tank brigade replaced it. The main changes were the additin f an infantry element and the eliminatin f the fat supprt trps. The 76mm gun battalin was als lst. 10 NK CORPS Al, OJ(11,900men) SOVET MECHANZED CORPS ' (17,400men) 1 Ol (489)0 rs:zj 120 Mtr SU 122/152 Rcn (220) 76 G (546) 0 C8J rs:zj (489)0 CDH.476) [gil (3743) (1306) 120 Mtr SU 122/15Z Rcn (220) 76 G (546) Ol 0 C8J Rkt (213) SU 85 (440) Mel (288) 45 G (233) Rkt (213) SU 85 (440) Mcl ( G (233) 1rr11 lsj ] (290) (250) (290) (250) 0 Q

7 1941 SOVET MOTO-MECHANZED BRGADE-Basically a cmpnent f the Mt-Mechanized Crps f 1941, this unit had t many tanks and t little infantry and supprt trps. By 1942 it had disappeared SOVET TANK BRGADE Actually, in western armies this wuld be cnsidered a tank battalin with tw cmpanies f infantry plus small antitank and anti-aircraft units attached. This cmbinatin f tanks and infantry (all armad with SMG) was ideal, fr the infantry's sle duty was t prtect the tanks frm enemy infantry. The lack f rganic infantry in ther natin's tank units ften caused tanks t be caught withut infantry, an event which wuld ften 'cause mre damage t the tanks than t the infantry SOVET MOTORZED RFLE BRGADE-BasicallY nthing mre than a reinfrced rifle regiment. n practice it was much mre. Because it was a mbile unit it received the best in men and equipment. Cmpared t a German panzergrenadier regiment it had : 5% mre men, 210% mre SMG, 12% fewer MG's, 16% mre mrtars (althugh nly half as many 120's), 20% fewer guns and 41% fewer mtr vehicles. n ther wrds, it was abut equal in firepwer but inferir in mbf lity and flexibility. With the additin f a 543 man Tank Regiment (41 T-34 tanks) this unit became a MECHAN ZED BRGADE; which made it mre than a match fr the panzergrenad ier regiment SOVET the Russian e. panzerd iv isn. cmpsed f (brigade) an ized rifle) bal were smaller artillery. n te the German un and an advan vehicles. But GERMAN MOTORZED NFANTRY DiVSON A (13,800 men). ' ' (3043) C)J 0 (567) (1649). Rcn(942) (456) (513) f ESJ (873) (764) 1;;1 (1900) 12.. c:>j (13,700 men) GERMAN ARMORED DVSON (2294) (1661) (1649).11 (2258) Rcn (942) li r5j (515) (513) 61 (885) (766) 0 (f9.00f 13 12/42 SOVET GUARDS RFLE REGMENT ' (2748men) (70)0 [!] 120 Mtr 76H (95) 660 men 182 SMG 72MG 45G (55) ATR (73) 16ATR 650 Mtr 982 Mtr 245G SMG (100) 3MT 30HD rt'l1 (55) (27) (120) 14 12/42 SOVET R...11 (65) 619 men 145 SMG 69MG A- 9ATR 650 Mtr 982 Mtr 245 G R 27.HD 1944 GERMAN PANZERGRENADER DVSON-The panzer cnnectin was slight. The unit had 92 AFV, usually all were assault guns (althugh n paper 40 r s were suppsed t be tanks!. The unit was actually a mtrized infantry divisin althugh the Germans ften used it as they wu d a pure panzer unit. Being primarily an infantry u-nit, the panzergrenadier divisin had mre staying pwer than the panzer divisin. Fr each panzergrenadier divisin n the east frn there were usually abut 3 panzer divisins. The Russian rati was clsest t 1 t 2. The panzer and panzergrenadier divisins had identical supprt units, nly their majr (infantry and tank) units differed GERMAN PANZER DVSON The chief difference between German and Russian tank units lay in the superir balance f the German unit. t had a large artillery cmpnent, as well as a full battalin f engineers. The German unit did nt cntain such a multiplicity f units as the Russian Tank Crps, and this aided cntrl f the unit in cmbat. Like all ther German units, this ne had a greater capacity t re-build itself while in actin thrugh the maintenance f a large (1,000+) man replacement battalin. A Russian rifle divisin had a 100 man replacement unit. 12/-2 SOVET GUARDS RFLE REGMENT-As a means f encuraging, reward ing and calling attentin t superir battlefield perfrmance, the title Guards was awarded t numerus units f the Sviet armed frces (ver 20% in sme branches). With the title went the privilege t btain better persnnel and equ ipment. The 12/42 Guards rifle regiment shws hw the material imprvement usually tk place. ts regular cunterpart was the 12/42 rifle regiment. Mst f the additinal equipment fund in a Guards rifle divisin wuld be in the rifle regiments. Aside frm the better and mre numerus equipment, it was the upgrading f persnnel which prbably cntributed mre t the Guards' units superir perfrmance. 12/42 SOVET The 12/42 rifle siderable advants! 44 German eq mre men, 36% mre SMG, 5n deficient nly in weapns it had. German's main 12/42 Russian r 18% f its firep. artillery, the '. divisin had 55% arti ery. Therefc paring the regilt' will naturally cr cmmn Russian f its firepwer this practice cau take enrmus ca the Russians t firepwer and, them ut f Russ charts by Kramer

8 K CORPS-This was ent f the German restern terms it was le tank battal i ns ee infantry (mtr S. Added t these f assault guns and )f verall firepwer an advantage f 8% f 40% in mtr viet unit had 240 AFV t the German's 150 althugh the Germans als had 20% mre infantry and 12% mre men verall. like all ther Sviet mbile units, this ne usually had better men and equipment than nn-mtrized units. The Guards Tank Crps were particularly well ff, as they were equipped with the best and newest armred vehicles. Thrughut early 1944 they were abut the nly units with the T-34/ SOVET MECHANZED CORPS-At first glance it appears t be the Russian equivalent f the German panzergrenadier divisin. But its large tank cmpnent puts it in the same categry with mst German armred divisins. Prbably the mst pwerful divisin size unit t be raised by the Russians. n terms f firepwer it was superir t the German panzergrenad ier divisin, and in almst all ther cate- gries it was superir. Fr example : 26% mre manpwer, 17% mre infantry, 152% mre AFV and 68% mre guns. But the Russian unit had 19%. less mtrized transprt. And this, cupled with its lack f verall firepwer (due t the lack f any real artillery), did nt give it the depth f the German unit. Still, it was ne f the mst efficient units t be prduced by the Russians REGMENT 4men) c!j tr 76 H (74) 3) 45 G (55) c8j 7) SMG (100) (120) '':;;1 (20) 12/42-S0VET RFLE BATTALON 143 men 38SMG 20MG 250Mtr 1 HD (619men) (61)m 82Mtr 18! MG (58) (12) N/1 45G (17) &21 ATR (23) (10) 1944 GERMAN NFANTRY REGMENT 2:5J (2008 men) m(184) 708 men 75/1500H 127 SMG 55MG (187) 691Mtr 75G/ATL 4120Mtr 8MT ;;J 92 HD (198) 1944 GERMAN NFANTRY BATTALON 142 men 28SMG 15MG 15 HD (708men) 205 men (65) 29SMG 9MG 681Mtr 4120Mtr 7MT 31 HD E REGMENTent had a cn 'irepwer ver its n. t had 25% 9 infantry, 58% 'e MG and was,mber f artillery is was where the ltage was. The ivisin had nly n the divisinal erman infantry ; firepwer in its hen just cmthe Russian ne, ahead. t was a ice t put mst rnt. Althugh 1e regiments t s, it als allwed the Germans in lally, t thrw 12/42 RFLE BATTALON-On paper, the Sviet battalin was abut equal t the German 44 battalin in firepwer, althugh it had sme 90 fewer men. What gave the Germans an edge was. their numerus divisinal artillery, which was accustmed t wrking clselv with the divisinal infantry battalins. This was nt the case with the numerus nn divisinal artillery which ften wrked with Sviet rifle battalins. What this pints up is that the infantry des mst f the dying and the artillery mst f the killing. Thus, despite the efficient rganizatin f the 12/42 Sviet rifle battalin, these units were still smashed with depressing regularity by the mre efficient German artillery. t was cmmn fr rifle battalins t be reduced t a few dzen men after a few weeks actin GERMAN NFANTRY REG MENT -The chief differences between the '39 infantry regiment and the '44 versin were a reductin f 45% in the infantry and a reductin f 38% in ttal manpwer. The firepwer f the new regiment, hwever, was 6% greater than thl! '39 unit. This was accmplished thrugh the intrductin f 120mm mrtars and by nt reducing the heavy weapns (75mm and 150mm infantry guns) belnging t the regiment, despite the fact that the regiment nw had nly tw (17% smaller) infantry battalins where there were nce three. One imprtant weapn was reduced the 75mm anti-tank gun. German tank prductin was increasing s quickly that there were nt enugh f these weapns (which were used n illmst all tanks) fr the infantry divisins. Three were still allcated t each regiment, plus 36 88mm rcket launchers GERMAN NFANTRY BAT TAllON-The nly advantage the ld '39 infantry battalin had ver the Sviet rifle battalin was its greater manpwer (850 t 619), n number f weapns it was almst identical, and the same applied t firepwer. Were it nt fr the mre effective German divisinal artillery, the Germans wuld have been lsing men at the same rate as the Russians. This was smething the Germans culd nt affrd. By 1943 the effectiveness f the German artillery was becming less and less. When the infantry divisin was rerganized fur 120mm mrtars were added t the infantry battalin (they were equal, in an emergency, t a battery f fur 105mm hwitzers). This festred the advantage the Germans were beginning t lse. Fr a few mnths.

9 SOVET' MOTOR ZED RFLE BATTALON SOVET MOTORZED ANT-TANK BRGADE SOVET ROCKET LAUNCHER (M-13) BRGADE SOVE ANT-TANK R (143) (662men), 82Mtr (43) ATR (23) 45G (17). MG (58) 8J Rcn (10) SMG (23) ' (15) 546 men 50SMG 12MG 2476G 1 MT a (1850 MG(16) l8j Rcn(17) 6 Tp(21) (35) (123) a 0(2698 men) ' (121) 808 men 104SMG 21 MG 637G RL 110 MT 64 men 6SMG 2MG 476G 8MT S: SOVET MOTORZED RFLE BATTALON-This was mre than a mtrized versin f the 12/42 rifle battalin. t had abut 40 extra men and 43 vehicles. t had 33% fewar 82mm mrtars, 35% fewer machineguns and n 50mm mrtars. t did have 66% mre SMG and twice as many anti-tank rifles and 45mm guns. Cmpared t its German equivalent, the '44 mtrized infantry battalin, the Russian unit was cmpletely utlcassed. The German unit had the strength f the ld '39 infantry battalin (868) and the armament f the newer 44 battalin. n additin it had, man fr man, 150% mre vehicles. Yat the Sviet mtrized rifle battalin served its purpse. t mtrized the Sviet infantry, smeth:,lg the Germans thught the Russians wuld never be able t d successfully SOVET ANT-TANK BR GADE-These units first prvad their wrth n a large scale during the Battle f Kursk (July 1943) when they shattered divisin after divisin f German tank trps. Prperly' deplyed, an anti-tank brigade wuld usually destry r disable half the AFV n a full strength Germen armred divisin befre being destryed itself. These brigades were usually used in this fashin, t deliberately sacrifice themselves in rder t weaken the attacking German armr. The Russian tank frces wuld then cunterattack and drive the Germans back. The attritin amng these brigades was much higher than amng any ther type f artillery brigede. Up until late 1944 there were never mre than 20 r 30 f them available at anyne time. By the end f the war they were being used as regular artillery. The Germans had run ut f tanks befre the Russians ran ut f 76mm guns ROCKET LAUNCHER (132mm) BRGADE-The custmary use f Sviet artillery was a large scale bmbardment f enemy psitins with many guns firing as large a number f shells as pssible in the shrtest pssible time. This was the lessn learned during Wrld War and was abut where the Sviet artillery was at. Naturally, rckets fit perfectly int this type f peratin'. Each launcher fired all ten f its rckets at the seme time. Thus ne 132mm launcher culd fire in a few secnds the same weight f shell as a 122mm hwitzer wuld fire in ten minutes. Because the rckets had nly abut half the range f regular artillery they had t emplace clser t the frnt. The prminent back-blast f the rckets when they fired als gave away the units' psitins. Fr these reasns the rcket units were usually nly used fr large ffensives and/r when the Russians had sufficient grund frces at the frnt t prvide prper security fr the rcket brigades and divisins SC REGMENT-T destryed the ( the east. Based Russians calcul 45mm r six ( needed t des' Based n this gun was expec tanks ut actil Heavier Germar cut the 76mm abut half. B prducing mr Germans ware Sviets prduc tank guns (sm well as 16,500 replaced by th sians emplyac betteries f 4 their fire n regiments were in anti-tank bri{ SOVET ANT-ARCRAFT ARTLLERY DVSON G (20men) 85G 397 men 620 men 102 SMG 110SMG 16MG 16MG 1637G 1685G 1;;1 (100) SOVET CAVALRY CORPS.. 10 a.. 12:] (18,700 men) [!] 4645 men 1616 SMG (550) Rcn ( Mtr(450) 132RL(225) MG S;] rrll (250) 112 ATR (290) SU-B5 (279) 45G(243) 36 82Mtr 1 1 r--t r-ft'' SOVET C 1144 men 465SMG 49MG 32ATR 1282Mtr rz L (450 12

10 41xs 42xs 43xs 44xs TORZED lent U; men) (160) c8l Rcn(17) (21) SOVET SELF-PROPELLED ARTLLERY REGMENT Rcn 35/40 men 3O/35SMG 5SU/JSU 76,85, 100,122,152 (440/476 men) (30/34) S:2 181 SMG (79) lsj ATR (61) (15) (75/87) NOTE: There were tw basic types f regiments, light and heavy. Their respective strengths are given separated like s-light/heavy. Light units were SU 76 & 85, heavy nes were SU 100 and up SOVET ART LLERY DVSON [!](9700men).. [!]Mtr [!]Lt [!]Hw. [!J Med. Gun 0(300) 1705 men 2063 men 2242 men 2128 men Fire Cntrl 135SMG 255SMG 362SMG 308SMG 57MG 39MG 45MG 27MG 108ATR 72ATR 72ATR 36ATR {255) Mtr 72 76G 48122H G 303MT 420MT 24152H 24152GH 544MT 371 MT 0 (800) T ANT-TANK s the unit that m pallzerblitz in heir experience the that 12 ru nds 9f mm gun fire were ne medium tank. latin each 76mm ;) put 2-3 medium re being destryed..s (Panther & Tiger) 's effectiveness by he Russians were nm guns than the (s. n 1944 the 3,800 76mm anti ; mre than '43) as n guns (then being 1m gun). The Rusir 76mm guns in. all cncentrating get at a time. The.t always emplyed SOVET SELF-PROPELLED ARTLLERY REGMENT-This was anther unit that was nly fund in larger mtrized units, althugh by mid '44 there were tw brigades f selfprpelled artillery. By far the l110st numerus type was the SU-85. t had replaced the SU-76 (an pen tp weapn built n a light tank chassis) in This was fllwed during the next year by the SU-122, JSU and SU 152 and SU-l00. Their main functin was t piece heavier (armr prtected) guns n the battlefield than were prvided by then current tanks. There was als the ecnmic factr which the Germans als tk advantage f, this type f weapn culd be built fr 80% f the cst f a cmparable tank. As with thei tank units, the SP gun units had prtective SMG infantry attached SOVET MOTORZED ARTLLERY DVSON-During nly 20% f all Sviet artillery was nn-divisinal (utside f the rifle and mtrized divisins). By early '44 sme 65% f the artillery was cncentrated in nn-divisinal units. A year later nearly 75% f the artillery was rganized int artillery divisins and brigades. Only fur artillery divisins were rganized when the war started. By late' 42 there were 26. A year later there were 80 (plus 73 separate brigades) and after anther year (late '44) there were 94 ertillery divisins and 149 separate brigades. The earlier divisins had nly 168 guns. By the end f the war many had an extra brigade attached t give the divisin 356 guns. Mst had 288. Up until 1943 ver half f the Sviet artillery cnsisted f 120mm mrtars. There were 27 brigades f these, a year later there were 82. During 1944 a heavier l60mm mrtar began t appear, as well as separate brigades f heav ier (mainly 203mm) artillery. During late '42 the first fur rcket (132mm) divisins were rganized. These, alng with mrtars, cnt inued t frm the bulk f the Sviet artillery up until the end f the war. Almst all f these large artillery units were held in reserve, being allcated by the Sviet GHQ (Stavka) t the Frnts in accrdance with the verall strategy in frce at the time. The Frnts wuld then allcate the artillery t their armies. Each army. wuld nrmally have ne artillery divisin (r a few brigades) attached. The Artillery Crps (first frmed in early '43) wuld cntrl the masses f artillery used fr breakthrugh peratins. Each crps wuld cntrl as meny as artillery brigades in the frm f divisins and separate brigades. The brigades shwn in the artillery divisin als appearad as separate brigades, particularly the 120mm mrtar brigade. The fire cntrl battalin was primarily a target Jcquisitin unit and, in cnjunctin with the signal battalin, actually cntrlled the fire f the divisin. The use f the divisin was rather rigid, as can be seen frm the very rganizatin f the divisin (the Germens frmed ne' artillery divisin, the 7th, but used it in a much mre fluid manner). The rganizatin f Sviet artillery units was very standardized. Light gun (76mm) and rcket (132mm) regiments had 24 pieces each while all ther types had 36 pieces. A brigade then cnsisted f 2 r 3 regiments plus supprt units. LRY DVSON Omen) 0 :;G Rcn (110) 37G(80) SOVET MOTORZED SU8MACHNEGUN BATTALON C8J SMG (403 men) [!] S:2 82 MTR (61) 45G (37) 78 men... 46SMG... 6MG C8J ATR (16) MG (22) r SOVET RECONNASSANCE BATTALON... (220men) r 75 men (20) 25SMG.. 11 Mg 5HT (111 5MT r-1 ftll SOVET MOTORCYCLE BATTALON C8J (288 men)!... [!] C8J 73men.82Mtr(36) Mrtz(61 ) 32SMG e. 24MG ] 1'1 21 Mel FT(22) r (7)

11 637G 1245G 2476G&H 100MT 404HD 76G( G(3971 1;;1 (1200) 4/tlH 3MT 115 HD SOVET MOTORZED ANT A RCRAFT DVSON-Basically, nthing mre than an artillery brigade. By the end f '43 there were 47 available. By that time the German air frce had ceasad t be much f a threat. These units are nt ' cunted as artillery divisins. Often used fr anti-tank wrk. thrughs ver difficult grund (mst ntably during the 1944 Summer ffensive thrugh the swampy suthern flank). The cavalry crps wuld ften cntain mre tank and artillery regiments. ts rganizatin as shwn here was nly average, althugh the deviatin either way was usually nt mre than 5,000 men. Ten were available by SOVET RFLE BRGADE SOVET CAVALRY CORPS Althugh the cavalry crps was clser t the rifle crps than the mechanized crps in terms f rigid rganizatin, it sn came t be the primary parent unit fr the cavalry divisin. By 1944 a new type f unit was als develped, the cavalry-mechanized grup which cnsisted f ne cavalry and ne mechanized crps. t was used during majr ffensives fr expliting break- cg:] (4-SOOO men) mer 24O-SMG T] T] cg:] cg:] 76G(2OO) 120Mtr (200) SMG (300) Rcn(40) 80MG 18 16ATR 650Mtr 982Mtr 245G 36HD ATR(230) MG(200) ftll C l (100) (8 1;;1 (400) SOVET NFANTRY ARMY.. Ol... (20,000-40,000 man) (16) Smetimes 2 122/152H r 4+ divisins Ol 76G(SOO) 10 T] 132RL(213) rsj (290) SOVET RFLE BRGADE This type f unit had always existed in the Sviet army, but usually nly fr special assignments nt requiring a full divisin. When the war brke ut and new divisins culd nt be frmed quickly enugh (even fr the Russians, it tk abut six mnths t frm and train a divisin that wuld nt fall &part in its first cmbat), the rifle brigade was the blist available stpgap. Early rifle brigades wuld cntain nly tw r three rifle battalins and a handful f supprting units. Many f these brigadas were quickly destryed (particularly the hastily frmed wrkers brigades and similar frl)1atins). During the war sme 354 rifle brigades were frmed. By June '43 sme 120 had been kncked ut f actin. At this pint many that had prven themselves in actin were gradually upgradad (with additinal rifle battalins and suppprting units) until they became rifle divisins. By the end f 1943 there were nly 55 brigades left. Six mnths later nly 17 remained and by the end f '44 nly 11. The vast majrity were up-graded t divisinal status. The rganizatin given here is the average fr 1943, the year in which the brigades were mst numerus SOVET NFANTRY ARMY n 1941 the Sviet armies were rganized much like their western cunterperts. But the shck f the initial German invasin frced them t thrw mst f their imprted western rganizatinal theries ut. The rifle crps was ablished and the divisins 'were cntrlled directly by the army cmmander. The supprt units atteched t rganizatinal theries ut. The rifle crps was ablished and the divisins were cntrlled directly by the army cmmander. The supprt units attached t army ften had less cmbat pwer than a German infantry crps. But during 1943 the armies grew in strength. By late '43 they had, n the average, the strength shwn abve. But this strength culd vary cnsiderably. n ver quiet sectrs f the frnt the army wuld nt nly be stripped f mst very quiet sectrs f the fr nly be strippec fting (their st 30-50%), On the taking part in the ffensive wu d divisins (all at extra alltment 0 ars. The really e artillery (such as t cntaining used in the penir As the attack artillary crps w (therwise they rads) while the ; artillery divisins up. During 1944 f the army gre battalins were ; as well as a flac Cmbat engineer

12 t.-j (330) ' 2-45 SOVET MOTORZED SUB MACHNEGUN BATTALON-The Russians.quickly realized the vulnerablility f tanks alne against enemy infantry. Their slutin was prbably the mst efficient ne enacted by anyne during the war. They attached a half battalin f submachinegun armed infantry t each tank brigade (65 tanks). The SMG was primarily a clse-cmbat weapn and was thus well suited fr prtecting the tanks frm adjacent infantry. This unit was nly fund in tile tank brigade SOVET RECONNASANC: BATTALON-Unlike the Germans, the Russians never rganized special recn units f the size and cmbat pwer f the German Panzeraufklarungsabteilung. Recnnaissance as the Germans carried it ut was a highly specialized undertaking and, naturally enugh, the Russians simply culd nt spare the capable manpwer tr it. Thus the Russian recn unit was little mre than a reinfrced scut unit. When the Russians chse t fight fr infrmatin as the Germans ften did, they wu d attach a tank brigade t the recnna isance battalin SOVET MOTORCYCLE BATiALON-This unit was little mre than a mtrized infantry unit with a large number f mtrcycles. The Russians went in fr machinaguns munted n sidecars and the like. This unit was nly fund in the tank and mechanized crps. t was used primarily fr recnnaissance SOVET TANK ARMY 1111 (60, ,000 men). &Z ) Trk(400) (1800) Rcn(290) 181 C8J ;ty(600) Penal(SOO), cgj Rpl(l500). (800) 6 Cmbt(2400) Cnstn(250) (4OO111 RR Mnt (9-12,000) [rrll T(300)... [f'h (11,900) (17,400) (1800) ' (476) ll. [c::>1 (40-65,000 men) ' [ ] ( 1900)[1'T'1 132RL Brdg Cnst (1100),, ( ) (SOO) 0 (5-6,000) HV% (450) e army wuld nt mst strength h wuld be cut r hand, an army, effrt f a majr 10 r mre rifle ;trangth) plus an illery and engine :ncentratins f till ery crps, each ;) wuld nly be lses f th e attack. r frward the remain in place d just clg the with its attached brigades mved engineer strength lre cnstructin led permanently, lrwer battalin. assigned t the army by the frnt cmmander in a prprtin f ne battalin per rifle divisin. This, f curse, prprtin f' ne battalin per rifle divisin. This, f curse: mtr transprt became avail.able mre truck battalins were added. Fur truck battalins (1200 trucks) wuld fully mtrize a rifle divisins, nly 900 wuld be needed if the divisin's hrses divisin, nly 900 wuld be needed if the divisin's hrses (100 trucks) culd fully mtrize a rifle battalin. During late '43 the rifle crps was gradually re-intrduced, alng with a shere f the army's supprt units (as shwn in the chart abve). By the end f the war the Sviet nfantry Army was n lnger merely the equal f a western crps. t was abut equal t tw western crps. But the, by late crps. t was abut equal t tw western crps. But then, by lae frnt SOVET TANK ARMY-The first units f this type (as shwn abve) were frmed in 1943 (Spring/Summer), During late '42 there were als sme tank armies but these were mainly cllectins f tank brigades and rifle divisins. The tank army was abut equal in strength t a German Panzerkrps (full strength). By 1944 there were 6 tank armies. Each usually had tw tank crps and ne mechanized crps, plus attached units as shwn abve. During this perid there were 26 tank crps and 11 mechanized crps. Occasinally there wuld be tw mechanized crps in a tank army, r a different cmbinatin f supprt units. Mechanized crps were ften held in GHQ reserve as special explitatin frces r else paired with cavalry crps int cavalry-mechanized grups. The Russians never had mre than eight r nine units (tank armies r cav/mech grups) cmparable t the German panzerkrps (f which, even in 1944, the Germans had 10 t 181. But the nes they did pssess ut-blitzed the Germans during

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