Behaviour of Gas Emissions on Mixtures of Diesel & Olive Seed Oil in Relation to Different Temperatures

Transcription

1 Behaviur f Gas Emissins n Mixtures f Diesel & Olive Seed Oil in Relatin t Different Temperatures By CHARALAMPOS ARAPATSAKOS, DIMITRIOS CHRISTOFORIDIS, ANASTASIOS KARKANIS Department f Prductin and Management Engineering Demcritus University f Thrace V. Sfias Street, 671, Xanthi GREECE xarapat@agr.duth.gr Abstract: - Fuel quality has very strngly influences in diesel engine emissins like HC, CO, NOx and particulate emissins. This is due t the fact that fuel emissins depend n the frmatin and the cmbustin f the mixture. At the present paper will be examined the behavir f gas emissins in a fur strke engine when changes the temperature f fuel. The temperatures f fuel that has been used fr the experiment were 1 ο C, 2 C, 3 C, 4 C, 5 C and 6 C. In additin, it has been used the fllwing mixtures f fuels: diesel-5% live seed il, diesel-1% live seed il, diesel-2% live seed il, diesel-3% live seed il, diesel-4% live seed il, diesel-5% live seed il. Fr the abve temperatures, it has been measured the gas emissins f carbn mnxide (CO), hydrcarbns (HC), nitrgen mnxide (NO), mainly emissins (smke) and als it has been examined the fuel cnsumptin. 1.INTRODUCTION Air pllutin is any gas r particulate that riginates frm bth natural and anthrpgenic surces. Anthrpgenic surces mstly related t burning different kinds f fuel fr energy. Mrever, the exhaust frm burning fuels in autmbiles, hmes and industries. Natural surces related t dust frm natural surce, usually large areas f land with little r n vegetatin, the smke and carbn mnxide frm wildfires, vlcanic activity etc. The main causes by air pllutin related deaths include aggravated asthma, brnchitis, emphysema, lung and heart diseases t human beings. There are several many types f air pllutant [1,2]. These include smg, acid rain, the greenhuse effect and hles in the zne layer. The atmspheric cnditins such as the wind, rain, stability affect the transprtatin f the air pllutant [3,4]. Furthermre, depending n the gegraphical lcatin temperature, wind and weather factrs, pllutin is dispersed differently [5.6]. Fr instance, the wind and rain may effectively dilute pllutin t relatively safe cncentratins despite a fairly high rate f emissins. In cntrast when atmspheric cnditins are stable relatively lw emissins can cause buildup f pllutin t hazardus levels. The quality f fuel affects diesel engine emissins (HC, CO, NOx and particulate emissins) very strngly. The fuel that is used in diesel engines is a mixture f hydrcarbns and its biling temperature is apprximately 17 C t 36 C [4]. Diesel fuel emissins cmpsitin and characteristics depend n mixture frmatin and cmbustin. In rder t cmpare the quality f fuels the fllwing criteria are tested: ketene rating, density, viscsity, biling characteristics, armatics cntent and sylph cntent. Fr envirnmental cmpatibility, the fuel must have lw density, lw cntent f armatic cmpunds, lw sylph cntent and high ketene rating [6,7,8]. The questin that arises is hw a fur-strke diesel engine behaves n the side f pllutants and peratin, when it uses diesel live seed il mixtures as fuel in different temperatures. 2.EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP Specifically it has been used fuel mixture: diesel-5% live seed il (Pyrin5%), diesel-1% live seed il (Pyrin1%), diesel-2% live seed il (Pyrin2%), diesel-3% live seed il (Pyrin3%), diesel-4% live seed il (Pyrin4%), diesel-5% live seed il (Pyrin5%), at different temperatures: 1 C, 2 C, 3 C, 4 C, 5 C and 6 C in a fur-strke diesel engine named Ruggerini type RD-8, vlume 377cc, and pwer 8.2hp/3, wh was cnnected with a pump f ISSN: ISBN:

2 water centrifugal. Measurements were made when the engine was functin n 1,, and 2. During the experiments, it has been cunted: 14 Pyrin 5 % The percent f (%) (CO) Το ppm(parts per millin) HC Το ppm(parts per millin) NO The percent f smke Fuel cnsumptin smke % Fur-strke Diesel engine Figure 1. The %smke average value variatin n different regarding t the fuel temperature abut the diesel-5%seed il mixture. Pyrin 5% Water pump,7 Measurement and mnitring unit,6 Picture1. Experimental layut,5,4 The measurement f runds/min f the engine was made by a prtable tachmeter (Digital pht/cntact tachmeter) named LTLutrn DT Smke was measured by a specifically measurement device named SMOKE MODULE EXHAUST GAS ANALYSER MOD 91/M, which has been cnnected t a PC unit. The CO and HC emissins have been measured by HORIBA Analyzer MEXA-324 GE. The NO emissins were measured by a Single GAS Analyser SGA92-NO.,3,2 Figure 2. The CO average value variatin n different regarding t the fuel temperature abut the diesel- 5%seed il mixture. Pyrin 5% 25 3.EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS The experimental results are shwn at the fllwing figures: Figure 3. The HC average value variatin n different regarding t the fuel temperature abut the diesel- 5%seed il mixture. ISSN: ISBN:

3 Pyrin 5% Pyrin 1% Figure 4. The NO average value variatin n different regarding t the fuel temperature abut the diesel- 5%seed il mixture. Figure 7. The HC average value variatin n different regarding t the fuel temperature abut the diesel- 1%seed il mixture. Pyrin 1% Pyrin 1% sm ke % Figure 5. The %smke average value variatin n different regarding t the fuel temperature abut the diesel-1%seed il mixture.,6 Pyrin 1% Figure 8. The NO average value variatin n different regarding t the fuel temperature abut the diesel- 1%seed il mixture. Pyrin 2% 17 16,5,4,3 smke % ,2 8 Figure 6. The CO average value variatin n different regarding t the fuel temperature abut the diesel- 1%seed il mixture. Figure 9. The %smke average value variatin n different regarding t the fuel temperature abut the diesel-2%seed il mixture ISSN: ISBN:

4 Pyrin 2% Pyrin 3%, ,6,4,2 smke % Figure 1. The CO average value variatin n different regarding t the fuel temperature abut the diesel- 2%seed il mixture Figure 13. The %smke average value variatin n different regarding t the fuel temperature abut the diesel-3%seed il mixture Pyrin 2% Pyrin 3% 25,7 2,6 1,5,4,3 5,2 Figure 11. The HC average value variatin n different regarding t the fuel temperature abut the diesel- 2%seed il mixture Figure 14. The CO average value variatin n different regarding t the fuel temperature abut the diesel- 3%seed il mixture Pyrin 2% Pyrin 3% Figure 12. The NO average value variatin n different regarding t the fuel temperature abut the diesel- 2%seed il mixture Figure. The HC average value variatin n different regarding t the fuel temperature abut the diesel- 3%seed il mixture ISSN: ISBN:

5 Pyrin 3% Pyrin 4% Figure 16. The NO average value variatin n different regarding t the fuel temperature abut the diesel- 3%seed il mixture Figure 19. The HC average value variatin n different regarding t the fuel temperature abut the diesel- 4%seed il mixture Pyrin 4% 12 1 Pyrin 4% smke % Figure 17. The %smke average value variatin n different regarding t the fuel temperature abut the diesel-4%seed il mixture Figure 2. The NO average value variatin n different regarding t the fuel temperature abut the diesel- 4%seed il mixture,7 Pyrin 4% 3 Pyrin 5%,6 25,5,4 smke % 2,3 1,2 5 Figure 18. The CO average value variatin n different regarding t the fuel temperature abut the diesel- 4%seed il mixture Figure 21. The % smke average value variatin n different regarding t the fuel temperature abut the diesel-5%seed il mixture ISSN: ISBN:

6 ,6 Pyrin 5% Figure 24. The NO average value variatin n different regarding t the fuel temperature abut the diesel- 5%seed il mixture,5,4,3 The diesel-seed il mixtures have different viscsity due t different cntent f seed il. If η stands fr viscsity, then we have[9]: η pyrin5% < η pyrin1% <.< η pyrin4% < η pyrin5%,2 Als, the viscsity varies with the temperature and we have[9]: Figure 22. The CO average value variatin n different regarding t the fuel temperature abut the diesel- 5%seed il mixture 12 1 Pyrin 5% η pyrin5%(1 C) > η pyrin5%(2 C) >.. > η pyrin5%(6 C) η pyrin5%(1 C) > η pyrin5%(2 C) >.. > η pyrin5%(6 C) Regarding the cnsumptin small changes they were bserved with the change f temperature, and because the small difference they d nt require mentining. 2 The change f temperature f fuel in the varius mixtures, it has the fllwing results: Smke: Figure 23. The HC average value variatin n different regarding t the fuel temperature abut the diesel- 5%seed il mixture Pyrin 5% Pyrin 5%: is bserved the better behavir in the cases /3 C and 2/3 C. While the bad behavir it is bserved in the case f 1/1C. This likely it happens because in the case f 1/3 C the engine is in the start and is cld Pyrin 1%: is bserved the better behavir in the cases /1 C and 2/1 C. While the bad behavir it is bserved in the case f 1 C in all. Pyrin 2%: is bserved the better behavir in the case f 3 C in all. While the bad behavir it is bserved in the case f 2/1 C. Pyrin 3%: is bserved the better behavir in the case f 2 C in all. While the bad behavir it is bserved in the cases /1 C, 2/1 C. ISSN: ISBN:

7 CO: HC: Pyrin 4%: is bserved the better behavir in the case f 2 C in all. While the bad behavir it is bserved in the cases /1 C, 2/1 C Pyrin 5%: is bserved the better behavir in the case f /5 C. While the bad behavir it is bserved in the cases /1 C, 2/1 C Pyrin 5%: is bserved the better behavir in the cases /1 C and 2/1 C while in the case f 1/1 C is bserved an increase f CO. Pyrin 1%: is bserved the better behavir in the case f 1 C in all, while in the cases 1/5 C, /5 C is bserved an increase f CO. Pyrin 2%: is bserved the better behavir in the case f 6 C in all, while in the cases f 4 C in all, is bserved the higher increase f CO. Pyrin 3%: is bserved the better behavir in the case f 3 C in all, while in the case f 1/6 C, /6 C is bserved the higher increase f CO. Pyrin 4%: is bserved the better behavir in the case f 1 C in all, while in the cases f 6 C in all is bserved the higher increase f CO. Pyrin 5%: is bserved the better behavir in the cases /1 C, 2/1 C, while in the cases f 6 C in all is bserved the higher increase f CO. Pyrin 5%: is bserved the better behavir in the case f the temperature f fuel 1 ο C in all. While the bad behavir is presented in the case where the temperature f fuel is 5 ο C. Pyrin 1%: is bserved the better behavir in the case f the temperature f fuel 1 ο C in all. While the bad behavir is presented in the case where the temperature f fuel is 5 ο C. ΝΟ: Pyrin 2%: is bserved the better behavir in the case f the temperature f fuel 6 ο C in all. While the bad behavir is presented in the case where the temperature f fuel is 4 ο C. Pyrin 3%: is bserved the better behavir in the case f the temperature f fuel 5 ο C in all. While the bad behavir is presented in the case where the temperature f fuel is 1 ο C. Pyrin 4%: is bserved the better behavir in the case f the temperature f fuel 3 ο C in all. While the bad behavir is presented in the cases / 6 ο C and 2/ 6 ο C. Pyrin 5%: is bserved the better behavir in the case f the temperature f fuel 1 ο C in all. While the bad behavir is presented in the cases / 2 ο C and 2/ 2 ο C. Pyrin 5%: is bserved the better behavir in the case f the temperature f fuel 6 ο C in all. While the bad behavir is presented in the cases /1 ο C and 2/1 ο C. Pyrin 1%: is bserved the better behavir in the case f the temperature f fuel 4 ο C in all. While the bad behavir is presented in the case f 1 ο C in all. Pyrin 2%: is bserved the better behavir in the cases 1/1 C, /3 C, 2 /3 C. While the bad behavir is presented in the cases /1 ο C, 2/1 ο C. Pyrin 3%: is bserved the better behavir in the case f the temperature f fuel 6 ο C in all. While the bad behavir is presented in the case where the temperature f fuel is 1 ο C. Pyrin 4%: is bserved the better behavir in the case f the temperature f fuel 3 ο C in all. While the bad behavir is presented in the case f 2/6 ο C. Pyrin 5%: is bserved the better behavir in the cases 1/3 ο C, 2/5 ο C. While the bad behavir is presented in the cases /2 ο C, 2/2 ο C. ISSN: ISBN:

8 4.CONCLUSION Frm all the abve bservatins, it can be understd that the temperature f fuel influences the viscsity f the fuel and als the gas emissins. Each ne hwever in a different way, withut can n ne determine that in a specific temperature will bserved the same change in all gas emissins (smke, CO, HC, NO). Als it shuld be taken int cnsideratin that the fuels that are used are diesel-seed il mixtures with different cntents and different viscsity in the same temperature. In any case, it is imprtant that the temperature f fuel it influences the cncentratin f gas emissins. REFFERENCES: Prceedings f the 2nd WSEAS Internatinal Cnference n URBAN PLANNING and TRANSPORTATION [1]. Aldrittn D. L., Mnastersky R., Eddy J. A Hall J. M., and Shea E. (1992) Our Ozne Shield Reprts t the Natin n Our Changing Planet. Fall University Cperatin fr Atmspheric research ffice fr interdisciplinary studies Bulder, Clrad. [2]. Keith Owen and Trevr Cley ''Autmtive Fuels Reference Bk'' Secnd Editin, Published by SAE, [3]. Fred Schafer and Richard van Basshuysen " Reduced Emissins and Fuel Cnsumptin in Autmbile Engines" Published by SAE, [4]. Mitchell J F. B (1989).The greenhuse effect and climate change. Reviews f Gephysics 27. [5]. ''H. Menrad and M. Haselhrst, "Alchl fuels", Mngraph. Springer, New Yrk, ISBN ,1981 [6]. Harringtn, I.A.; Shishu, R.C.: A Single-Cylinder Engine Study f the Effects f Fuel Type, Fuel Stichimetry and Hydrgen-t-Carbn Rati n CO, NO and HC Exhaust Emissins, SAE-Paper [7]. Arapatsaks C., Karkanis A., and Sparis P., ''Envirnmental Cntributin f Gasline Ethanl Mixtures'' issue 7, vlume 2, July 26, ISSN [8]. Pllutin Science Edited by Ian L. Pepper, Charls P. Gerba, Mark L. Brusseau, 1996 [9]. H. Abramvic and C. Klfutar The temperature dependence f dynamic viscsity fr sme vegetable ils, Acta Chim.Slv ISSN: ISBN: