Low Temperature Aftertreatment (LTAT) Team

Transcription

1 USDRIVE Advanced Cmbustin and Emissin Cntrl (ACEC) Tech Team: Lw-Temperature Strage Catalyst Test Prtcl 2017 CLEERS Wrkshp, Ann Arbr, Michigan Octber 3, 2017 Lw Temperature Aftertreatment (LTAT) Team Craig DiMaggi, Vence Easterling (FCA) Je Theis (Frd) Se Oh, Ming Yang (GM) Jim Parks, Jsh Pihl (ORNL) Ken Rappé, Mark Stewart (PNNL) Galen Fisher (UMich) Ken Hwden (DOE) 1

2 Effrt (Pre-cmpetitive) Innvative Technlgy Develpment Prcess* Innvatin Discvery Fundamentals Mdeling: Fundamental Materials Materials Discvery Materials Develpment, Dwnselectin, and Refinement Applied R&D Prcess Studies Mdeling Mdeling: Mdeling: Prcess and Catalysis Kinetics and System Material Prperties System Requirements and Bundary Cnditins Bench Scale Prcess Studies and Demnstratin Systems Integratin Industry Limits Vehicle Scale System Integratin and Demnstratin Engine Scale Prcess Studies and Demnstratin *curtesy f Jerry Gibbs Prtcl impact area Time - Prtcls are ACECs respnse t the identified industry need t harmnize perfrmance metrics and realistic test cnditins f aftertreatment catalysts fr cmmunicating perfrmance - Intent f prtcls is t accelerate the pace f catalyst innvatin and discvery - Prtcls address a key stage-gate fr ptential technlgy evaluatin Oxidatin Adsrptin TWC Lw-Temperature 1 Lw-Temperature 2 Lw-Temperature 3 Oxidatin Catalyst Strage Catalyst Three-Way Catalyst Test Prtcl Test Prtcl Test Prtcl Additinal prtcls t be determined (e.g., multi-functinal, SCR, etc.) 2

3 ACEC-LTAT team activity Prtcl Develpment Lw-Temperature Strage Catalyst Test Prtcl Cmplete and will be released t the CLEERS website shrtly Fcused n lw temperature strage catalysts Simple t execute, realistic cmprehensive enugh t accurately & realistically reprt perfrmance Cmparisn t xidatin catalyst prtcl Same dcument structure Differences t accunt fr: Strage/release vs. cnversin Transient nature f strage & release 3

4 ACEC-LTAT team activity Prtcl Develpment Scpe f the lw temperature strage catalyst prtcl Assessment f materials fr strage/release functinality Strage and release catalysts are nt stand-alne devices; they must be cupled with cnversin catalysts HC traps must be integrated with xidatin PNAs must have dwnstream NO x reductin Therefre, cnversin must be cnsidered in the evaluatin Hwever, cnversin is nt the fcus; it is included slely as a tl t help assess the efficacy f strage/release materials T capture bth strage/release and cnversin prperties, It is suggested the user cnduct the prtcl in duplicate 1. With the trap material t assess strage and release prperties f the develpmental material 2. With the trap material and cnversin catalyst (integrated apprpriate t the applicatin) t assess device-level slutin, and relatin f release t cnversin 4

5 Lw-Temperature Strage Catalyst Test Prtcl Frmat Similarities and Differences in Structure (vs. Oxidatin) Ø Prtcl Elements in Cmmn General frmat (4 main sectins) Reactr Cnfiguratin Catalyst detail (pwder/mnlith) Temperature measurement Best practices Sample preparatin De-greening, aging, sulfur pisning Fcus n best practices

6 Lw-Temperature Strage Catalyst Test Prtcl Frmat Similarities & Differences in Structure (vs. Oxidatin Prtcl) SELECT ENGINE TYPE AND COMBUSTION MODE S-GDI CDC L-GDI LTC-G LTC-D Exhaust Cmpsitin Table 1 DE-GREEN Table 5 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION Pre-treatment Table 2 Strage Table 3 Select Release Cnditins HC NO x Release Table 4 Ø Prtcl Differences (vs. Oxidatin Prtcl) 1. System cnfiguratin / gas analysis Additinal cmplexity 2. Exhaust simulatin 3. Prtcl executin 4. Reprting LNT nly AGE Table 6 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION Tables 2, 3, 4 AGE Table 7 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION Tables 2, 3, 4 POISON Table 8 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION Tables 2, 3, 4 6

7 Lw-Temperature Strage Catalyst Test Prtcl Unique Testing Requirements 1. System cnfiguratin / gas analysis The dynamic and transient nature f strage characterizatin requires certain unique system hardware capabilities Accurately characterizing strage requires the ability t switch between A full reactr bypass with the simulated exhaust stream t stabilize and characterize the feed cncentratins prir t strage and Flwing thrugh the catalyst bed This differs frm cnversin (xidatin), which is Steady-state, and Inlet & utlet slip streams are apprpriate Example f a hardware schematic fr a full-reactr bypass cnfiguratin Strage catalyst Simulated exhaust Valve Actuatr Air / N 2 Vent Gas analysis7

8 Lw-Temperature Strage Catalyst Test Prtcl Unique Testing Requirements 1. System cnfiguratin / gas analysis Quantitative analysis f stred species and ptential by-prducts NO: NO, NO 2, N 2 O HC: Ttal HC, CO, CO 2 preferred analysis f each HC, and ptential HC by-prducts Frequency f analysis & rate f analytical respnse are imprtant Differs frm steady-state cnversin measurements Frequency f sample acquisitin / analysis Fidelity f data fr determining strage / release amunts & kinetics 1-Hz preferable sample frequency Rate f analytical respnse Accurately characterize strage/release prperties & release prfile 15 sec. t reach 90% steady-state cncentratin after step-change in feed Necessitates a real-time analysis strategy FT-IR, MassSpec, NO x chemiluminescence, FID, etc. Excludes chrmatgraphy 8

9 Lw-Temperature Strage Catalyst Test Prtcl Unique Testing Requirements 2. Exhaust simulatin Table 1 Simulated engine-ut exhaust parameters fr strage characterizatin Cnstant cmpnents S-GDI CDC L-GDI LTC-G LTC-D [O 2 ] 0.74% 12% 9% 12% 12% [H 2 O] 13% 6% 8% 6% 6% [CO 2 ] 13% 6% 8% 6% 6% Variable cmpnents all in [ppm] [CO] [H 2 ] 1670 ppm 100 ppm 670 ppm 670 ppm 400 ppm [NO] Hydrcarbn [ppm] n C 1 basis Ttal [HC] [C 2 H 4 ] [C 2 H 5 OH] [C 7 H 8 ] [i-c 8 H 18 ] [n-c 12 H 26 ] * Balance N 2 Unchanged frm xidatin prtcl HC is represented as a cmbinatin f: Small alkene (ethylene) Armatic (tluene) Unburned fuel surrgate n-ddecane (fr diesel applicatins nly) Ethanl + is-ctane (fr gasline applicatins) Requires liquid-hc cmpnents; significant difference versus xidatin prttl 9

10 Lw-Temperature Strage Catalyst Test Prtcl Unique Testing Requirements 3. Prtcl executin (1) PRE-TREATMENT Cl dwn t 100 C (2) STORAGE 20 Stabilize 600 C inlet Characterize strage (3) RELEASE Ramp 20 C/min t 600 C Catalyst temperature, C Pre-treatment: 330 Release: C/min + t 250 cl dwn 600 C Strage: Test time, min 10

11 Lw-Temperature Strage Catalyst Test Prtcl Unique Testing Requirements 3. Prtcl executin (1) PRE-TREATMENT (1) PRE-TREATMENT Cl dwn t 100 C Cl dwn t 100 C (2) STORAGE 20 Stabilize 600 C inlet Characterize strage (3) RELEASE Ramp 20 C/min t 600 C 1) Pre-treatment C Cnducted lean fr all cmbustin mdes ** Catalyst temperature, C Release: 20 C/min t 600 C Pre-treatment: cl dwn Strage: Test time, min Oxidize all carbnaceus species r depsits and release stred NO x Cnducted prir t each strage/release event ** Stichimetric cmbustin applicatins require a catalyst reductin step Reduce the metal n the catalyst C under reducing cnditins PRE-TREATMENT CDC, LTC-D, LTC-G, L-GDI tep N. Temperature Exhaust make-up (balance N 2 ) (a) Bypass TP-2-1P Pretreat [O2] [H2O] [CO2] Off TP-2-2P Cl 600 C t 100 C [O2] [H2O] [CO2] Off TP-2-3P Hld C [O2] [H2O] [CO2] Off Cncentratins refer t thse shwn in Exhaust simulatin n slide 9 11

12 Lw-Temperature Strage Catalyst Test Prtcl Unique Testing Requirements 3. Prtcl executin (1) PRE-TREATMENT Cl dwn t 100 C (2) STORAGE 20 Stabilize 600 C inlet Characterize strage (2) STORAGE 20 Stabilize 600 C inlet Characterize strage (3) RELEASE Ramp 20 C/min t 600 C 2) Strage 100 C default strage temperature Catalyst temperature, C Pre-treatment: 330 Release: C/min + t 250 cl dwn 600 C Strage: Test time, min T investigate effect f strage temperatures, prtcl shuld be re-run in its entirety at the different strage temperatures Full simulated exhaust Inlet shuld be first stabilized n full-reactr bypass STORAGE all mdes tep N. Temperature Exhaust make-up (balance N 2 ) (a) Time Bypass TP-2-3S Hld 100 C [HC] [CO] [H2] [NO] [O2] [H2O] [CO2] - (b) On TP-2-4S Hld 100 C fr 30 min [HC] [CO] [H2] [NO] [O2] [H2O] [CO2] 30 min Off Cncentratins refer t thse shwn in Exhaust simulatin n slide 9 12

13 Lw-Temperature Strage Catalyst Test Prtcl Unique Testing Requirements 3. Prtcl executin (1) PRE-TREATMENT Cl dwn t 100 C 3) Release (2) STORAGE 20 Stabilize 600 C inlet Characterize strage (3) RELEASE Ramp 20 C/min t 600 C (3) RELEASE Ramp 20 C/min t 600 C Cmpsitin dictated by expected cnditins f release Abve xycat/twc light-ff; subsequent NO x reductin Fr study f release/cnversin interplay Include reductant when testing PNAs Include [O 2 ] in S-GDI when testing HC traps NOx RELEASE all mdes tep N. Temperature Exhaust make-up (balance N 2 ) (a) Time Bypass TP-2-5RN Ramp 20 C/min t 600 C [NO] [O2] [H2O] [CO2] 26 min Off Catalyst temperature, C Pre-treatment: 330 Release: C/min + t 250 cl dwn 600 C Strage: Test time, min HC RELEASE CDC, LTC-D, LTC-G, L-GDI tep N. Temperature Exhaust make-up (balance N 2 ) (a) Time Bypass TP-2-5RH Ramp 20 C/min t 600 C [NO] [O2] [H2O] [CO2] 26 min Off HC RELEASE S-GDI tep N. Temperature Exhaust make-up (balance N 2 ) (a) Time Bypass TP-2-5RHS Ramp 20 C/min t 600 C [H2O] [CO2] 26 min Off Cncentratins refer t thse shwn in Exhaust simulatin n slide 9 13

14 Lw-Temperature Strage Catalyst Test Prtcl Unique Reprting Prcedures 4. Reprting Same as Oxidatin Prtcl Catalyst sample detail Sample dimensins r mass, substrate, etc. Infrmatin n catalyst cmpsitin Reactr cnfiguratin Reactr detail, thermcuples and placement, etc. Prcess descriptin, methd f gas sampling, bypass Chemical analysis Test cnditins Applicatin (i.e., engine cmbustin/perating mde) Prcedures/cnditins fr de-greening r aging, pre-treating, S-pisning, and measuring perfrmance Heating rate extremely imprtant Test results/perfrmance data Quantitative strage, release, and cnversin results Cncentratin(s) and temperature versus time Unique frm Oxidatin Prtcl 14

15 Lw-Temperature Strage Catalyst Test Prtcl Unique Reprting Prcedures 4. Reprting 2500 strage release 600 Test results/perfrmance data Strage Quantity f NO x /HC stred NO x /HC strage efficiency Release Quantity f NO x /HC released By-prduct frmatin (e.g., N 2 O) Release temperature e.g., T10, T50, T90 Cnversin Desrbed NO x /HC cnversin efficiency Net emissin benefit impact Strage efficiency + cnversin efficiency f stred cmpnent Byprduct frmatin Cncentratin [ppm] Cncentratin [ppm] HC Inlet HC Outlet Area = Amunt Stred Time [min] Catalyst Temperature Time [min] Released Temperature [ C] Temperature [ C]

16 Lw-Temperature Strage Catalyst Test Prtcl Unique Reprting Prcedures Summary The Lw-Temperature Strage Catalyst Test Prtcl will be the 2 nd lwtemperature prtcl released t the CLEERS website TWC test prtcl is currently under develpment, and will be the 3 rd prtcl released in 2018 The test prtcls are a prduct f the LTAT sub-grup f the ACEC. They are assembled with input frm OEMs (Frd, FCA, GM), the natinal labs (PNNL, ORNL), academia (Univ. f Michigan), and DOE. Please cnsider use f the Lw-Temperature Strage Catalyst Test Prtcl as a frmat fr relaying perfrmance f nvel strage catalysts (e.g., PNAs, HC traps) t the technical cmmunity Please review the test prtcl in detail prir t use, and cntact any member f the LTAT team with questins. Thank yu!! 16