Jp- -B\n-s - au-e-n-i-x- - Jp- -B\n-s - au-e-n-i-x- `m-kw- 1

Transcription

1 Jp- -B\n-s - au-e-n-i-x- `m-kw- 1

2 Fw.- Fw.- A-Iv-_ - Jp- -B\n-s - au-e-n-i-x- `m-kw- 1 NICHE OF TRUTH

3 qur'aninte moulikatha - part 1 malayalam author: m.m.akbar publishers: niche of truth kalabhavan road, cochin- 18 first edition: june 2000 second edition: november 2000 third edition: december 2001 typesetting : creative media cover : yoonus printing: anaswara, cochin price: rs. 120/- Cu temiøns\mcp {kjvsmhp v Poh \ In hmbphpw sh hpw kuicys SpØn `qansb PohnXtbmKyam nb ]caimcpwni\mb {kjvsmhv. \mw ChnsS Fßs\ Pohn Wsa pw Cu PohnXØns d ]cae yw Fs pw ZqX m aptj\ {kjvsmhv \sω ]Tn n p. \ΩpsS PohnXØns d IW v acwtijw \mw {kjvsmhns d apºn t_m[n nt nhcpw. A v ]pwyw snbvxh\v \ bpw ]m]w snbvxh\v Xn bpw {]Xn^ew In pw. AXn\m {kjvsmhv Xs d ZqXcneqsS \ Inb \n tzia\pkcn v Pohn pibmwv a\pjys d c mam Kw. \ap v temi{kjvsmhv \ Inb \n tzi kwlnxbmwv Jp B. aplωzv \_nbneqss Ah B ktµiw a\pjy s Øn psimspøp. CXdn hcpw AdnbmØhcpw \ap nsbn D v. temisc apgph {kjvsmhns d ktµiadnbn AXdn hcpss _m[yxbmwv. AXn\mbn cq]oirxamb Hcp {]kvym \amwv "\n v Hm^-v {SqØv'. \mym, kxyax ktµi{]ncwøn\p th nbp hn\oxamsbmcp kwcw`amwnxv. \o G ]n DØchmZnØØns d \n hlwøn\p th nbp Ffnb {iaw. CsXmcp {]Xn^em lamb {]h Ø\ambn kzoicnt Wta (Bao ). UbdIvS

4 hm-b-\- p-ap-ºv-... "]-c-a-im-cp-wn-i-s -d- \m-a-øn '- "Jp -B-\n-s -d- au-en-i-x'- - Ip-td- \m-fp-i-fm-bn- a-\- n - sim- p-\s - H-cp- B-i-b-am-bn-cp- p.- A-Xn-s -d- B-Zy-]-Ip-Xn- km -Y-I-am-b-t mƒ- Ipsd- B-i- -I-fp- m-b-n-cp- p.- a-x-]-wv-un-x-\- m-ø- H-cmƒ- Jp -B-\n-s\-Xnsc-bp- - hn-a -i-\-߃- v- adp-]-sn- ]-d- m - F-{X-tØmfw- i-cn-bm- Ip-sa- - B-i-.- ]-e- ]-Wv-Un-X- m-cp-ss-b-pw- klm-b-tøm-ss-bmwv- A- Xv- ]q -Øn-bm- n-b-xv ti-c-f-øn-epw- hn-tz-i-øp-ap - ]-Wv-Un-X m A m-lp- A-h-sc- A-\p-{K-ln- -s - (Bao - -).- {]-t_m-[-i - v- H-cp- ssk-uv- F- - \n-e-bn-em-wv- "Jp -B-\n-s -dauenix'- ]p-d-øn-d- n-b-xv.- H- mw- ]-Xn- v- {]-kn- o-i-cn- -s - v- H-cp- amk- Øn-\-Iw-X-s - tim- n-iƒ- Xo - p-t]m-bn.- ]p-kv-x-i-øn-s -d- kzo-im-cy- X-bn -\n- v- {]-t_m-[-\- {]-h -Ø-\-ß-fn - bp-hm- ƒ- k-po-h-x- ssihcn- p- p-sh- - k-xyw- t_m-[y-am-bn.- Ckv-eman-s\- p-dn- -dn-bm-ø-h vk-xy-a-x-øns -d- k-tµ-i-sa-øn- p-i- ap-kv-enw-i-fp-ss- _m-[y-xbm-sw h-kv-xp-x- sa-s -sb- n-epw- ti-c-fo-b- ap-kv-enw- k-aq-lw- Aw-Ko-I-cn- p- Ign n-cn- p- p-;- A-Xn-\p-th- n- tim- p-iq- p-hm - C- v- F- m-h-cpw- {ian- p-sim- n-cn- p- p.- k -h-i-iv-x-\v- k -h-kv-xp-xn-i-fpw-!- A-h - \- ΩpsS- {]-h -Ø-\-߃- kzo-i-cn- -s - (B-ao- )- ]p-kv-x-i-sø- hn-e-bn-cp-øn-s m- v- Ip-td- I-Øp-Iƒ- In- n.- hn-a -i-\ ß-ƒ- - v- \-µn-!- A-h-bm-W-t m- \-sω- t\-sc- \-S- m - ]-cym-]v-x-am- p Xv. H- mw- ]-Xn- n - hn- p-t]m-b-xm-bn- Nn-e- kp-lr-øp- ƒ- Nq- n- mwn p- X - ]-e- Im-cy-ß-fp-ap- v.- A-h-bn - {]-k-iv-x-ßs-f- v- txm- n-b-h Cu- ]-Xn- n - Dƒ-s m n- n- p v.- k-xy-zo-\n-s\- k-lm-bn- p- -h-sc- A- mlpk-lm-bn- pw.- Xn-cp-Øp-hm-\pw- hn-a -in- p-hm-\pw- k- -\- v- Im-Wn- h v- A- m-lp- kz -Kw- {]-Xn-^-ew- \ -In- A-\p-{K-ln- -s - (B-ao -)- -.- Jp -B\n-s\- hn-a -in- p-sim- v- ]p-xn-b- c-n-\-iƒ- ]p-d-øp- h- psim n-cn- p- p- v;- ]p-kv-x-i-cq-t]-w-bpw- C -d -s\- n-eq-ssbp-sa- mw.- Jp -B\n - ssh-cp- y-ß-fpw- im-kv-{xm-_- -ß-fpw- N-cn-{X-Øn-\v- \n-c m- Ø- ]-cm-a -i-ß-fp-sa- mw- B-tcm-]n- p- - c-n-\-iƒ.- C-h-s - m-ap- a-dp-]-sn- c- mw- `m-k-øn - Dƒ-s m- n- -W-sa- p- v.- k-l-r-z-b-cn -

5 - Jp- -B\n-s - au-e-n-i-x- - \n v- \n -tz-i-ß-fpw- k-lm-b-ß-fpw- {]-Xo- n- p- p.- {i -bn -s]-smøhn-a -i-\-ß-fp- m-imw.- A-h- {i- -bn s]-sp- -h - - A-b- p-x-c-w-sa- t]-.- \m-ym-...- \n-s -d- {]-Im-iw- - Du-Xn-s -Sp-Øm - {i-an- p- -hcp-ss- hmzap-j-߃- v- a-dp-]-sn- ]-d-bp-hm-\p - I-cp-Øpw- A-dn-hpw- \ -In- Rßsf- \o- A-\p-{K-ln-t -Wta- (B-ao- )-. Cu- ]p-kv-x-iw- c-nn- p-hm - F-s - k-lm-bn- - sn-dn-b-ap- w- A_vZp l-a-o-zv- a-z-\n- A-t±-l-am-Wv- Cu- c-n-\- p- ]n- n-ep - Nm-e-I-i-Iv-Xn. ]e- hn-j-b-ß-fn-epw- kw-i-bw- Xo -Øp- X- -Xv- A-t±-l-am-Wv.- A-h-km\w- A-h-Xm-cn-I- F-gp-Xn-Ø- v- CXn-s\- [-\y-am- p-i-bpw- sn-bvxp.- \m-ym-...- Zo-\o- Z-Av-h-Øn-s -d- cw-k-øv- Iq-Sp-X - kw-`m-h-\-if - n- p-hm - A- t±-l-øn-\v- B-bp- pw- I-gn-hpw- \ -ti-w-ta- (B-ao -).- ]-p-kv-x-i-øn-s - c- mw- ]-Xn- v- hm-bn- - ti-jw- Nn-e- kp-lr-øp- ƒ- G-Xm-\-pw- Xn-cp-Øp-Iƒ- \n -tz-in- p-i-bp- m-bn.- ssi-im-cyw sn-øp- hn-j-b-øns - K-l-\-X ]-cn-k-wn- p-sim- v- hm-b-\- m-cn-ep- m-i-m km[y-x-bp-f-f- sn-dn-b- sx- n-zv-[m-c-w-iƒ p- - t]m-epw- C-Sw- \ -Ip- - ]Z-{]-tbm-K-ß-f-pw- ssi-en-bpw- D-t]- n- p-i-bm-w-v- - \- -sx- v- ]p-kv-xiwkq- v-a-]-cn-ti-m-[-\-bv- v- hn-t[-b-am- n-b- ti-jw- A-`n-{]m-b-s]- - ]-finxkp-lr-øp- ƒ-.- hn-ti-jn- pw- P-:- kp-ss_ - a- -S-bp-sS- \n -tz-i-߃- G-sd- {]-tbm-p{]-z-am-bn.- A-h-cp-sS-sb- mw- \n -tz-i-߃- ]-cn-k-wn- v- Bhiy-am-b- an-\p- p-]-wn-iƒ- \-S-Øn-bm-W-v- - Cu- aq- mw- ]-Xn- v- {]-k-n- o-icn- p- -Xv. -Cu- ]p-kv-x-i-sø- ]-c-am-h-[n- Ip- -a- -Xm- p-hm - k-lm-bn- -h-sc-m- pw- B-cp-sS-bpw- \-µn-hm- p-iƒ- p- th- n-b- -t -m- C-sXm- pwsn-bv-x-xv.- \mw- {]m - n- p-i-.- \m-ym...- Zo-\o- Z-Av-h-Øn-s - cw-k-øv- ]-c-kv- ]-cw- k-lm-bn- p-hm-\pw- A-Xp-h-gn- ]-c-am-h-[n- t] - v- k-xy-k-tµ-iw- Ie - n- m-sx- F-Øn- p-hm-\pw- A-ß-s\- a-c-wm-\- -cw- k-z -K-Øn - Hcp-an- p- Iq-S-p-hm-\pw- R-ß-sf-sb- mw- \o- A-\o-{K-ln-t -Wta...- (B-ao -).- - F-s - Zo- - ]-Tn- m - t{]-cn- n-,- {]-t_m-[-\- cw-ktø- v- ssi-]nsn v- \-S-Øn-s m- p-t]m-b- F-s -d- D- - ta-te-ho- n - A-_v-Zp-d-ln-am - \mym...- \n-s -d-b-sp-sø-øn- -gn- - F-s -d- D- m- v- \o- kz -Kw- \ - In- B-Z-cn-t -W-ta- (B-ao -). A- m-lp-th-...- C-sXm-cp- {]-Xn-^-em -l-am-b- {]-h -Ø-\-am-bn- kzoicnt W-ta- (B-ao- -) Fw.-Fw.- A-Iv-_ Xm-fp-Ifn - I Jp- -B\n-s\ p-dn- v F m-wv- Jp -B?- 2.- "thz{k\v-yw'- F Xp-sIm- p- hn-h sb m-wv?- 3.- F n-\m-wv- thz{k\v-y߃?- 4.- Jp -B\n-\p- ap-ºp- thz{k\v-yßsf p-dn- v- Jp -B - F p- ]dbp- p?- 5.- Xu-dm-Øv,- k_q,- C o-,- Xp-Sßn-bh C v- ss n-fn - Im-Wp- txm-d (] ]p-kv-xi߃-)- k o -Ø\߃- kp-hn-tij߃- F n-hbm-twm?- 6.- sslµh thzßsf p-dn- v- Jp -B - F v- ]dbp- p?- 7.- Jp -B\n-s -d {]tabsa m-wv?- 8.- Jp -B\n-se {]Xn-]m-Z\ ssien...?- 9.- Jp -B\n-se hm-iy-߃- A[ym-b߃- F n-hsb n...-? Jp -B - sszhn-i {K\v-Yam-sW Xn-\v- F m-wv- sxfn-hv?- II Jp -B\n-s -d AhIm-ihm-Zw Jp -B - kz-bw- sszhn-iam-sw v- AhIm-is Sp- p-t? a p- thzßfpw- sszhn-iam-sw v- AhIm-is Sp- n-t? Xntam-sØtbkv- 3:16 - ss nƒ- sszhhn\am-sw v- ]dbp- p- t m? sszhn-iam-sw kz-bw- AhIm-ihm-Zw- sim- p-am-{xw- Hcp- {K\v-Yw- sszhn-iam-iptam?- III Jp -B\n-s -d cn\ ap-lωzv- \_n-(k)-bp-ss cn\bm-wv- Jp -B - F p- hm-zn- p-iq-ss? Xm - sszhzq-x\m-sw v- hcp-øn-øo -Øv- e`n- p- `u-xn-i t\ ßfm-bn- qss Jp -B\n-s -d cn\bv- p-]n- n - ap-lωzv- \_n-(k)-s -d e yw? A[n-Im-cam-bn-cp- p- ap-lωzv-(k)- e y-am- n-bn-cp- sx v- Icp-Xp- Xnse mwv- sx v?- 18. Akw-LSn-Xcm-bn-cp- Ad_n-Isf kw-lsn- n- p-ibpw- D Xn-bnte v- \bn- pibpw- snøp-isb e y-tøm-ss ap-lωzv-(k)- \n -an-s Sp-Ø {K\v-Yam-Wv- Jp -Bs\ v- Icp-Xn- q-ss?-

6 - Jp- -B\n-s - au-e-n-i-x A[m- -an-ixbn - ap-ßn- p-fn- n-cp- kaq-lsø [m -an-ixbn-te v- \bn- p-hm - th n- ap-lωzv- cnn- Ir-Xn-bm-Wv- Jp -B - F v- ]d m - AXv- \n-tj[n- p-hm - Ign-bp-tam? ap-lωzn-(k)-\v- D m-ztcm-k ( )-am-bn-cp- p-sh pw- shfn-]m-sp-iƒhcp- Xp-t]m-sebp- txm- - {]kv-xp-x tcm-køn-s -d e Wam-sW pwh p-iq-ss?- kaim-en-icm - At±lw- {`m- s\ v- A[n-t ]n- s Sp-Ibpw snbv-xn- p- t m? ap-lωzn-\v- (k)- shfn-]m-sp-iƒ- h n-cn- mw.- F m -,- Ah ss]im-nn-i shfn-]m-sp-iƒ- Bbn- q-ss?- Jp -B\pw- km-ln-xy-hpw Jp -B - Hcp- Aam-\p-jn-I Zr-jv-Sm- am-sw v- ]dbp-tºmƒ- F m-wv- A -Yam- p- Xv? Jp -B\n-s\ Aam-\p-jn-I Zr-jv-Sm- am- p- sx m-wv? Jp -B\n-s\ AXp-ey-hpw- A\p-IcWm-Xo-Xam-hp-am- p- sxs mw? km-ln-xyw- km -YIam-Ip- Xv- t{im-xm-hn-s -d a\ n - am- ßfp-sS sim-sp- m- vho-ip-tºm-gmsw v- ]dbm-dp- v.- Cu- ]cn-t{] y-øn - Jp -B - Hcp- DØaamb Ir-Xn-bm-sW v- ]dbm-\m-ip-tam? Hcp- D Xam-b km-ln-xy-ir-xn-bm-sw v- F Xp-sIm- p-am-{xw- Jp -B sszhn-iam-sw v- ]dbm-\m-iptam? hn-hn-[ `m-jifn - D m-bn- p AZzn-Xo-bam-b km-ln-xy-ir-xn-isft m-se Hcpkm-ln-Xy-kr-jv-Sn- am-{xat Jp -B -.- AØcw- km-ln-xy-ir-xn-iƒ- v- Xpey-am-b Hcp- Ir-Xn-bp- m- m - \SØp- sh p-hn-fn-sbt m-se hy -Yat Jp -B\n-se sh p-hnfn-bpw?- V J-p -B - t{im-uo-icww Jp -B -,- sszhøn -\n- v- ap-lzn- -(k)-\-v- t{im-uo-ir-x {K\v-Yam-bn- e`n- Xm-tWm? a\p-jy - v- k m -KZ -i\w- \ -Ip- Xn-\m-bn- sszhw- Xºp-cm - AhXcn- n- n- {K\v-Yam-Wv- Jp -Bs\ n - AXv- ap-gp-h\m-bn- Hcp- {K\v-Ycq-]Øn - AhXcn- n- p- Iq-Sm-bn-cp- n-t -? hy-xy-kv-x kabßfn - AhXcn- n- s Jp -B - kq-iv-xßsf mw- H m-bnt{im-uo-icn- s Xv- F m-bn-cp- p? ap-lωzn-(k)-s -d Im-eØv- Jp -B - Hcp- {K\v-Yam-bn- t{im-uo-icn- s n-cp- p-thm?- 32. Jp -B - c p- ]p-dw- N Iƒ- p- n,- Hscm- {K\v-Yam-bn- t{im-uo-icn- s Xv- F m-bn-cp- p?- GXv- km-lncy-øn? tbip-hn-\p-tijw- A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ- kp-hn-tij߃- Fgp-Xn-; ap-lωzn-(k)-\v- tijw- A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ- Jp- -B - Fgp-Xn-; Ch XΩn - Fs n-epw- hy-xym-kap-t m? A_q-_ dn-(d)-s -d Im-eØv- t{im-uo-icn- s Jp -B - tim- n- C v- \n-e\n - p- p-t m?- Cs n - F p-sim- v? "{In-kv-Xm-_v-Zw tn - \n-jn-bm- Iu -kn - Im-t\m-\n-Iam-bn- Aw-Ko-Icn Ir-Xn-Iƒ- am-{xw- \n-e\n -Øn- _m- n- F m- ss{ikv-xh {K\v-Yßfpw- Np- p-icn- phm - k` Blzm-\w- \ -In.- Dkv-am - (d)-xs -d \n -tzi{]icw- Xbm - snøs Jp -B - {]Xn-Iƒ- am-{xw- \n-e\n -Øn- _m- n-bp- hsb mw- Np- p- Icn- m - I -]n- p.- Dkv-am - snbv-xxpw- \n-jn-bm- Iu -kn - snbv-xxpw- XΩn - F p- hy-xym-kam-wp- Xv?- VI Jp- -B\pw- km m -Kn-I- kw-hn-[m-\-hpw Jp -B - -sszhn-iam-sw Xn-\v- AXv- {]Zm-\w- snøp- km- m -Kn-I kw-hn-[m\w- sxfn-hm-ip- sxßs\? Jp -B - {]Zm-\w- snøp- km- m -Kn-I{Iaw- In-Sb Xm-sW v- Jp -B - kz-bw- AhIm-is Sp- p-t m? F v- A -YØn-em-Wv- Jp- -B - AhXcn- n- p- km- m -Kn-I{Iaw- InSb XmsW v- ]dbp- Xv? a p- ax{k\yßfpw- am-xr-im-tbm-ky-am-b km- m -Kn-I kw-hn-[m-\sø p-dn- v- {]Xn]m-Zn- p- n-t? {]hm-ni m - snbv-xxm-bn- ss n-fn - ]dbp- ]m-]ßfn - ]expw- ap-kv-enw- {K\v-Yßfpw- icn-sh p-sim- v- D cn- p- p- t m.- Ah - ]m-]w- snbv-xp-sh vap-kv-enw-ifpw- Aw-Ko-Icn- p- p-sh t CXn -\n- pw- a\ n-em-t Xv? {]hm-ni m -s m- pw- bm-sxm-cp- A_ hpw- h p-`hn- p-ibn-s m-twm- Jp B - ]Tn- n- p- Xv? ap-lωzv-(k)- Hcp-]m-Sv- ]m-]߃- snbv-xn-cp- p-sh m-wt m- Jp -B\n-se Nn-e ]cm-a -ißfn- -\n- v- a\ n-em- m - Ign-bp Xv?- VII Jp -B\pw- kv-{xo-ifpw ]p-cp-jm-[n-]xy-øn-e[n-jv-tn-xam-b Hcp- [m -an-i hy-hkv-ybm-wv- Jp -B - AhXcn p- sx - Btcm-]WØn - F p-am-{xw- Igºp- v? kv-{xo-sb p-dn- Jp -B\n-I k -]sa m-wv? s]æn-t\m-sv- _m-[y-xisf p-dn- pw- BWn-t\m-Sv- AhIm-ißsf p-dn- pw- kwkmcn- p- hbm-wv- B -tim-bv-a ( )- hy-hkv-yn-xn-iƒ.- Jp -B\n-epw- CXp- Xs bt Im-Wm - Ign-bp- Xv? kv-{xo- ]q-pn- s Sp- n-søm-wv- tzhxiƒ- {]km-zn- p- sx v- ]Tn- n- p- sslµh Z -i\at Jp -B\n-t\ mƒ- kv-{xo-iƒ- v- kzo-im-cy-am-bn- A\p- `hs Sp Xv? ]m-iv-nm-xy-tem-isø kv-{xo-iƒ- A\p-`hn- p-sim- n-cn- p- kzm-x{ y-øn-s d ASn-kv-Ym-\w- ss{ikv-xh Z -i\am-wt m.- B \n-ebv- v- {In-kv-Xp-aXØn-s -d ho Wat Jp -B\n-I ho- WsØ mƒ- kv-{xo- v- \ Xv? ]p-cp-js\bpw- kv-{xo-sbbpw- A[zm-\n- p- h -KØn-se Xp-ey-Xbp c v-

7 AwKßfm-bn- m-wp- am -Iv-kn-kØn-s -d ho- Wat Jp -B\n-I Z i\tø mƒ- kv-{xo- v- A`n-Imayw? B[p-\n-I P\m-[n-]Xy-Øn-\v- Io-gn-ep- kv-{xo-]p-cp-j kaxz-at Jp -B\n-I ho- WtØ mƒ- IcWo-bam-bn- p- Xvv? ]p-cp-j\p- kv-{xo- p-taep- A[o-iXzw- A\p-hZn- p-sim-sp- p- kq-iv-x߃- Jp - B\n-ep- t m.- ]p-cp-jta[m-hn-xz-øn-s -d kr-jv-sn-bm-wv- Jp -B - F t Ch hy-iv-xam- p- Xv? kv-{xo-isf Ir-jn-kv-YetØm-Sv- D]an- p- Jp -B - Ahsc tihew- D -]m Z\b{ am-bn- t Im-Wp- Xv? _lp-`m-cy-xz-a\p-hzn- p-i hgn- Jp -B - kv-{xo-bp-ss AhIm-ißsf l\n- pibt snbv-xn-cn- p- Xv? ]p-cp-j\v- _lp-`m-cy-xz-a\p-hzn- p- Jp- -B - F p-sim- v- kv-{xo- v- _lp- ` Xr-Xzw- A\p-hZn- p- n-? A\ c kz-øn - ]p-cp-j\v- kv-{xo-bptsxn-s -d Cc n- AhIm-iap-s m-wt m- Jp -B - A\p-im-kn- p- Xv.- CXv- hyiv-xam-b hn-thn\at? Hcp- ]p-cp-j\p- ]Icw- c p- kv-{xo-iƒ- km- n-ifm-bn- D m-hwsa m-wt m- Jp -B\n-s -d A\p-im-k\.- CXp- kv-{xo-tbm-sp- snbp- hy-iv-xam-b Hcp- A\oXnbt? 56.- ASn-aØØn-s -d ASbm-fam-b aq-sp-]sw- (] -Z)- AWn-bm - kv-{xo-itfm-sp- I ]n- p-i hgn- Ahsf ]m-cx{ y-øn-s -d h -axn-ep-iƒ- IØv- Xf n-sp-ibt Jp B - snøp- Xv? kv-{xo-sb ASn- p-hm - ]p-cp-j\v- Jp -B - A\p-hm-Zw- \ -Ip- p- t m.- CXv- Ahtfm-Sp-ff Ahtlf\at? hn-hm-ltam-n\w- A\p-hZn- p-i hgn- \n-cm-ew-_cm-b kv-{xo-isfbpw- Ip- n-isfbpwkr-jv-sn- p-hm - Iq- p-\n - p-ibt Jp -B - snøp- Xv? aq- p- {]m-hiyw- "Xz-em-Jv'- F p-]d v- ]n-cn- b m-hp- hkv-xp-hm-bn- t Jp B - `m-cy-sb Im-Wp- Xv? kv-{xo- v- ]p-cp-js\t m-se hn-hm-ltam-n\øn-\v- AhIm-iap-t m?- F m-wv- Cucw-K-sØ Jp -B\n-I \n -tziw? hn-[hbm-bn-øo-cp- kv-{xo- kaq-løn- -\n- v- AI v- \m-ep-am-køn-e[n-iw- ZpxJam-Ncn- Wsa v- Jp -B - \n -tzin- p- p- t m?- CXv- kv-{xo-sb {]bmks Sp-Øp- Xt?- VIII Jp -B\pw- A\ cm-him-i{]iv-\ßfpw ]tcx v- ]p-{x\p- t mƒ- A\m-Y ]u-{x - A\ cm-him-in-bm-hp-ibns mtwm- Jp -B\n-I \n-baw.- CXv- A\ym-bhpw- A\m-Ytcm-Sp- A\o-Xn-bpat? A\m-Y ]u{x\v- kz-øhim-iw- \ -Ip-hm - \n-baan- m-øxn-\m - Ahs\ hgnbm- [m-cam- Wsa m-twm- Ckv-emw- hn-h n- p- Xv?- Cu- {]iv-\øn - Ckv-em-ans d ]cn-lm-csa m-wv? Hcp- ai - am-{xw- A\ cm-him-in-bm-hp-ibm-sw n - Abmƒ- v- ]n-xr-kzøvapgp-h\m-bn- e`n- p-sa n-cn-s aiƒ- am-{xam-wv- A\ cm-him-in-sb n - Ahƒ v- ]Ip-Xn- am-{xhpw- H n-e[n-iw- s] -a fp-s n - Ah -s mw- IqSn- ]n-xr-kz-øn-s -d aq- n - c p- `m-kw- am-{xhp-am-wv- e`n- p-isb Jp -B\nI \n-baw- hy-iv-xam-b A\o-Xn-bt? acws hy-iv-xn-bp-ss aq- v- ]p-{xn-am-cpw- am-xm-]n-xm- fpw- `m-cy-bpw- Po-hn- n-cn- ps n - Jp -B\n-I hn-[n-{]im-cw- a ƒ-s mw-iq-sn- A\ ckz-øn-s -d -2/3 `m-khpw- (Jp -B - 4:11)- am-xm-]n-xm- ƒ- v- 1/3 `m-khpw- (4:11)- \ -In- gn- m - ]n-s kz-søm- pw- _m- n-bp- m-hp-ibn- t m.- ]n-s `m-cy- v- e`n-t 1/8 `m-kw- kzøv- (4:12)- Fhn-sS\n- m-wv- sim-sp- p-i?- Jp -B\n-se A\ cm-him-i \n-ba߃- A{]m-tbm-Kn-Iam-sW t CXv- Im-Wn- p- Xv?- IX J-p -B\pw- ASn-aØhpw ASn-aØtØm-Sp- Jp B\n-s -d kao-]\sa m-wv? ASn-aXz- \n -am -P\Øn-\v- Jp -B - kzo-icn- \S]Sn-{Ia߃- Fs m-s bmwv? 68.- ASn-akv-{Xo-Ifp-am-bn- ssew-kn-i _\v-[øn-te -s Sm - bpam-\s\ A\p-hZn- p Jp- -B - bym -YØn - hy-`n-nm-csø \n-bam-\p-kr-xam- p-ibt snbv-xn-cn- p Xv? ASn-akv-{Xo-bp-am-bn- _\v-[s Sphm - Jp -B - F p-sim- m-wv- hn-hm-lw- \n - _\v-[am- m-xn-cp- Xv? ASn-akv-{Xo-Ifp-sS FÆw- Ckv-emw- ]cn-an-xs Sp-Øm-Xn-cp- sx p-sim- m-wv? F p-sim- m-wv- ASn-aØsØ ]q -Wam-bn- \ntcm-[n- m - Jp -B - k amim- Xn-cp- Xv?- X Jp - -B\n-s -d {]m-tbm-kn-ix F m- A -YØn-epw- {]m-tbm-kn-iam-b Hcp- {K\v-Yam-Wv- Jp -B - F p-]dbm - ] p-tam? Jp -B - {]m-tbm-kn-iam-sw Xn-\v- F m-wv- sxfn-hv? a p- ax{k\v-yßfpw- {]m-tbm-kn-iam-b \n-ba\n -tzi߃-xs bt {]Zm-\w- snøp Xv?- XI Jp -B\pw- Zp -_-e-s Sp-Ø-ep-I-fpw Jp -B\n-se Nn-e hn[n-iƒ- Zp -_es Sp-Øs Xm-bn- (a -kq-jv-)- ]dbs Sp- p t m?- F m-wv- Cu- Zp -_es Sp-Ø? Jp -B\n BZyw- AhXcn- n- s Nn-e hn-[n-iƒ- ]n- o-sv- am-t n-h psh v- - ]dbp- Xv- AXn-s -d sszhn-ixsb _m-[n- p-ibn-t?- k -hpv-r\m-b- sszhøn - \n- p- Xm-bn-cp- p- Jp -Bs\ n - CØcw- am- ßfp-sS Bhiy-ap- m-ipam-bncp- n -t m-? Zp- -_es Sp-Øs hn-[n-ifpƒ-s m- p- kqiv-x߃- C pw- Jp -B\n - Ahtijn- p- p- t m?- F n-\m-wn-xv?-

8 78.- Jp -B\n - Zp -_es Sp-Øs hn\߃- Xoscbn-s v- A`n-{]m-bap- t m.- AXv- icn-bm-twm? Jp -B\n - Ccp- q-tdm-fw- kq-iv-x߃- Zp -_es Sp-Øs Xm-bn- ]dbp- p t.- CXp- icn-bm-twm?- XII Jp - -B\n-se in- m\n-ba߃ tkm-{xh -K kaq-lßfn - am-{xw- {]m-tbm-kn-iam-b Jp -B\n-I in- m-\n-ba߃- B[p-\n-I P\m-[n-]Xy- k{ºzm-bøn-epw- {]kiv-xam-sw hm-zw ASn-kv-Ym- \clnxat? Jp B\n-se in- m- \n-ba߃- GXp- XcØn-ep- hbm-wv?- hy-iv-xn ti{µ-o- IrXtam,- kaq-l ti{µo-ir-xtam? GXp- Xcw- aq-ey-ßfp-ss ASn-Ødbn-em-Wv- Jp -B\n-I in- m-\n-ba߃- kv-ym]n-x-a-m-bn-cn- p- Xv? Jp -B\n-se in- m\n-ba߃- {]m-tbm-kn-iam-sw v- Fßs\ ]dbm-\m-ipw? a p- ax{k\v-yßfn-epw- in- m-\n-ba߃- hn-izo-icn- p- p- t m.- Ahbn -\n vhy-xy-kv-xam-b F p- khn-tijxbm-wv- Jp -B\n-se in- m-\n-ba߃- p- Xv? Ip- ߃- C m-sxbm-ip-ibm-wt m- in- m-hn-[n-ifp-ss e yw.- Ip- hm-fn-isf ho- pw- Ip- w- snøp- Xn -\n- v- XS p-\n -Øp- co-xn-bn - Im-cm-Kr-lØneS p B[p-\n-I k{ºzm-bat Jp -B\n-se {Iq-cam-b in- m-hn-[n-itf mƒ- IcWo-bw? Ip- hm-fn-itfm-sv- klxm-]]q -Wam-b kao-]\am-wm-hiy-sa B[p-\n-I Ip mt\z-jw im-kv-{xøn-s -d \n-e]m-sp-am-bn- Jp -B - hntbm-pn- p- sx p- sim- m-wv? ] n-wn-sim- v- he v- Ifhp- \SØn-bhs -d IctOZw- \SØp-hm - hn-[n- p Jp -B - Abm-sf B{ibn- p-ign-bp- Ip-Spw-_sØ hgn-bm-[m-cam- p-ibt snøp- Xv? c v- hy-iv-xn-iƒ- ssew-kn-iam-bn- _\v-[s SWsa v- B{Kln- p- p-sh n - AXn - F m-wv- sx v?- AXn-\v- {Iq-cam-b in- Iƒ- hn-[n- p Xv- A\o-Xn-bt? Jp -B\n - hn-hcn- p- in- Iƒ- sim- v- hn-hm-tlxc ssew-kn-i_\v-[߃- C m-sxbm- p-hm - Ign-bp-tam? hy-`n-nm-cøn-\v- c p-xcw- in- Iƒ- Ckv-emw- hn-[n- p- p- t m?- F p- sim- mwn-xv? hy-`n-nm-cm-tcm-]ww- D bn- v- Bscbpw- \in- n- m - km-[n- p- Hcp- Ahkv-Y kw-pm-xam-hp-ibt Jp -B\n-se in- m-\n-ba߃- \S n-em- n-bm - D m-hpi? A]cn-jv-Ir-Xsa v- B[p-\n-I {In-an-t\m-fPn-kv- p-iƒ- hn-[n- n-cn- p- sim-ebv vsim-esb \n-baw- Jp B\n- - ]d p-sh Xp-sIm- p- am-{xw- \ym-bo-icn- p Xn - F -Yam-Wp- Xv? sim-ebm-fn-sb Xn-cn- p-sim- p- Xp-sIm- v- sim- s hs -d Ip-Spw-_Øn-\v- F p- In- p-hm-\m-wv-?- A\m-Yam-bn-Øo-cp- sim- s hs -d Ip-Spw-_sØ kw-c n- phm - F p- \n -tziam-wv- Jp -B - ka - n- p- Xv?- XIII Jp -B\pw- Aap-kv-enw-Ifpw Aap-kv-enw-Isf Jp -B\n - A`n-kw-t_m-[\ snbvxn-cn- p- Xv- "Im^n '- F m- Wt m.- AsXm-cp- Ak`y-]Z{]tbm-Kam-bm-Wv- ]et m-gpw- a\ n-em- s Sp- Xv.- F m-wv- Cu- ]Zw- hn-h n- p- Xv? Aap-kv-en-w-Isf \n -_\v-[n- v- ax]cn-h -Ø\w- snøn- Wsa t Jp -B - A\p- im-kn- p- Xv? hn-{klm-cm-[\sb iiv-xam-bn- hn-e p- Jp -B - A\y-aXkv-Ycp-sS Bcm-[\maq -Øn-Isf \in- n- p-hm-\t ap-kv-enw-isf t{]cn- n- p- Xv? Aap-kv-enw-Ifp-am-bn kv-t\l_\v-[w- kv-ym-]n- m - ]m-sn-s pw- Ahsc an-{xßfm- m - ]m-sn-s pw- Jp -B - A\p-im-kn- p- p- t m.- AXv- h -Ko-bXbt? Ckv-em-an-t\m-tSm- ap-kv-enw-itfm-tsm- i{xp-x {]ISn- n- m-ø Aap-kv-en-w-Ifp-am-bnssa{Xn-_\v-[w- kv-ym-]n- p- Xn-s\ p-dn- Jp -B\n-I hn-[n-sb m-wv? 99.- hn-axkv-ycp-am-bp- sshhm-ln-i_\v-[w- Jp -B - hn-e p- p- t m.- CXv- h Ko- bxbt? thZ m-cn-sb hn-hm-lw- snøm - Jp -B - ]p-cp-j\v- A\p-hm-Zw- \ -Ip- p- v.- F m - thz m-sc hnhm-lw- snøm - ap-kv-enw- kv-{xo-sb A\p-hZn- p- p-an-.- CXv- hy-iv-xam-b A\o-Xn-bt? ap-kv-enw-ifm-im-øh -s Xn-sc \SØp- t]m-cm- Øn-\m-Wt m- Pn-lmZv- F p- ]dbp- Xv.- Pn-lm-Zn-\v- ap-kv-enw-isf t{]cn- n- p- - - Jp -B - A\y-aXhn-tcm-[at {]Ncn- n- p- Xv?-

9 AhXm-cn-I kxy-hpw- AkXy-hpw- XΩn-ep- hy-xym-kw- c v- D]aIfn-eq-sS hnip Jp- -B - hy-iv-xam- n-bn- p- v.- "Ah - (A mlp-)- BIm-iØp- \n- v- sh w- snm-cn- p.- F n- v- Xm-gv-hcIfn-eq-sS Ahbp-sS (hep- Øn-s -d)- txm-x\p-kcn- v- sh sam-gp-in.- At mƒ- B Hgp- v- s]mßn-\n - p- \p-csb hln- p-sim- m-wv- h Xv.- h B`cWtam- D]IcWtam- D m- m - B{Kln- p-sim- v- Ah - Xo-bn-en- p- IØn- p- tem-løn -\n- pw- AXp-t]m-ep- \p-cbp- m-ip- p.- AXp-t]msebm-Ip- p A m-lp- kxy-søbpw- AkXy-sØbpw- D]an-Ip- Xv.- F m,- B \p-c Nhdm-bn-t m-ip- p.- a\p-jy - v- D]Im-cap- Xm-Is `q-anbn - Xßn-\n - p- p.- A{]Imcw- A m-lp- D]aIƒ- hn-hcn- p p'- (hn.-jp )- - Po-hn-XsØbpw- tem-isøbpw- kw-_\v-[n- Hcp- au-en-i kxy-am-wv- Cu- hn\øn-eq-ss A\m-hr-Xam-Ip- Xv.- Fhn-sSbpw- Ft m-gpw- apiƒ- c n - Im-Ws Sp- Xv- \p-cbpw- Io-S\p-am-bn-cn- pw.- D]cn-πham-bnho n- p- h - AXp-Xs bm-wv- bm-ym -Yy-sa v- Icp-Xn- au-en-iamb {]tbm-p\an- m-ø ]hdm-bn- am-dpw.- Dƒ- m-gv-nbp- h - BZy-ta a\ n- em- pw; ASn-bn- - Xßn-\n - p- ip- Pehpw- ip- tem-lhp-am-wv- au-en-iam-bn- p- sx v.- Bib߃- pw- {K\v-Y߃- p-sa mw- Cu- XØzw- _m-[iam-ip- p.- D]cn-πham-b Nhdv- Bibßfpw- AKm-[Xbp- au-en-i Bibßfpap- v.- tihew- \p-cbpw- ]Xbpw- Im-Wn- v- hm-b\ m-sc {`an- n- p- {K\v-Yßfpw- au-en-i kxy-ßfn-te v- a\p-jy-a\ p-isf B\bn- p {K\v-Yßfp-ap- v.- Ahkm-\w- ]d hn-`m-køn-em-wv- Fw.-Fw.- AIv- _dn-s -d "Jp B\n-s -d au-en-ix'- F Ir-Xn- Dƒ-s Sp- Xv.- Nhdv- Bibßfn - {`an- pt]m-b Bfp-Iƒ- v- hn-ip Jp -B\nse au-en-i kxy-߃- Is Øm - Ign-bn-.- AØ m - Ign- ]Xn- \m-ep- \q- m- p-ifn - DS\o-fw- sszhn-i {K\v-YsØ hn-a -in p-t]m- n- p- v.- AXn-\n-Sbn -Xs hn-hn-[ Im-eßfn - hy-xy-kv-x \m-kcn- IXIfnse hn-thin-ifpw- ]Iz-aXn-Ifpw- EPp-a\kv-Icp-am-b [m-cm-fw-

10 \ a\p-jy - hn-ip- Jp -B\n-s -dbpw- AXn-se Bibßfp-sSbpwau-en-I Is Øp-Ibpw- klr-zb - v- AXv- hy-iv-xam- n-s m-sp- pbpwsnbv-xn- p- vv.- \_n-(k)-bp-ssbpw- klm-_n-ifp-ssbpw- Im-eØp-Xs {Ko- v-,- tdm-a,- Cu-Pn-]v-jy,- t] -jy -\m-kcn-ixifn -\n- v- P\e ߃- hn-ip- Jp -B\n-s -d au-en-ixbn-te v- BIr-jv-Scmhp-Ibp- m-bn.- Ahcn - ]Wv-Un-Xcpw- Nn- Icpw- sshzn-icpw- Zm -i\n- Icpsa mw- Dƒ-s n-cp- p.- ]n - m-eøv- ap-kv-enw-tem-iøv- A`q-X]q - hiam-b sshpv-rm-\n-i hn-im-kw- D m-bt mƒ- Ip-td ap-kv-enw- _p- n-po-hn-iƒ- {Ko-t m- tdm-a - Z -i\ßfp-ss kz-m-[o-\hebøn - AIs p-sh n-epw- B [m -jwn-i {]`m-høn-s\ mw- AXo-Xam-bn- Jp -B\n-I Bibßfp-sS au-en-ix Db -Øn- n-sn- m - K m-en-(d)- sbbpw- C_v-\p-ssXan-b(d)-sbbpw- t]m-ep- bp-k{]`m-hcm-b Pv-Rm- \n-iƒ- v- km[n- p-ibp- m-bn.- im-kv-{xw- sszhsø txm -]n- psh v- sim- n-tlm-jn- s t m-gpw am -Iv-kn-kw- ax \n-cm-køn-s -d sim-sn- Db -Øn-bt m-gpw- Nn-e ap-kv-enw- _p- n-po-hn-iƒ- v- Nm- m- ap- m-sb n-epw- Jp -B\n-I Bibßfp-sS kaim-en-i {]kiv-xn- B[p- \n-i tem-iøn-\v- sxfn-bn- p-sim-sp- p- Xn - ]cn-wx {]Pv-Rcm-b Ckvem-an-I Nn- I - - CXn-\Iw- hn-pbw- Is Øn-bn- p- v.- hy-xy-kv-x Z - i\ßsf kw-_\v-[n- v- \ m-bn- ]Tn- tijw- Ckv-em-an-s\bpw- hnip Jp -B\n-s\bpw- Is Øn-b ]m-iv-nm-xy- {]Xn-`Iƒ- Cu- hn-jbøn hln- ] v- {]txy-iw- kv-acwo-bam-ip- p.- BXy- n-ikxyw- At\z-jn- p- \n-jv-] axn-isf kw-_\v-[nt StØm-fw- hn-ip- Jp -B\n-s -d Aam-\p-jn-IX pw- AXn-se {]Xn- ]m-zy-ßfp-ss B[n-Im-cn-IX pw- Gsd sxfn-hp-iƒ- \ -ti Xn-.- a\ptjym -]Øn-sbbpw- a\p-jy-po-hn-xøn-s -d Pbm-]Pbßsfbpwkw_\v-[n- Jp -B\n-se ]cm-a -i߃- kq- v-aam-bn- hn-ebn-cp-ønbm - Xs k -hpv-r\m-b sszham-wv- AXv- AhXcn- n- sx pw- ]Xn\m-ep- \q- m- v- ap-ºsø Hcp- Atd_y - acp-`q-hm-kn- v- AXv- cnn p- I km-[y-as pw- t_m-[y-am-ipw.- F m,- Nhdp- km-ln-xy-ßfn - {`an- p-t]m-bhcpw- hkv-xp- fpssbpw- D]cn-Xeßfn - am-{xw- {i bq- p- hcp-am-b Ht sd BfpIƒ- F m-eøpw- F m-bn-søpw- D m-ipw.- Ahcn - ]ecp-ssbpw- Nn- sb AKm-[ kxy-ßfnte v- B\bn- p-i Zp-jv-Icam-bn-cn- pw.- Bib pg ßfn - sndp-xm-bn a\ v- DS nt m-bhcm-bn-cn- pw- Ip-sd t].- Nn-e kw-ib߃- Zp-co-Icn- p-sim-sp-øm - - Ahsc au-en-i bm-ym - Yy-ßfn-te v- Xn-cn- p-hn-sm - hen-b{]bm-kap- m-hn-.- Ahsc kw_\v-[n-t StØm-fw- {]tbm-p\icas{x "Jp -B\n-s -d au-en-ix'.- hfsc hn-]p-eam-b {]t]m-[\ bxv-\߃- \Ωp-sS \m- n - \S n- pw,- Ckv-emw- ap-lωzv-(k)- kv-ym-]n- axam-sw pw,- Jp -B - At±lw- Fgp-Xn-b {K\v-Yam-sW pw-,- Jp -B\n - kv-{xo-itfm-sv- A\o-Xn- ImWn- p- \n-baßfp-s pw- Jp -B - \n -tzin- p- in- Iƒ- In-cm- Xam-sW pw- Icp-Xn-t m-cp- hfscb[n-iw- Bfp-Ifp- v.- sshhn-[yam - Po-hn-XtaJeIfn-te v- hn-ip- Jp -B - \ -Ip- am -KZ - i\øn-s -d au-en-ix a\ n-em- m-øh - ap-kv-en-w-iƒ- n-sbn t]mepw- hfsctbsdbp- v.- CØcam-fp-Iƒ- v- hkv-xp-xiƒ- th Xpt]m-se hy-iv-xam- n-s m-sp- p- [m-cm-fw- tej\ßfpw- {it bamb Nn-e {K\v-Yßfpw- cnn- p-sim- v- bp-hnn- I\pw- hm-kv-an-bp-am-b Fw.Fw.- AIv-_ - Ckv-em-an-I {]t-_m-[\cw-køv- hn-es kw-`m-h\ifm-wv- A n- n- p- Xv.- Ckv-em-an-I hn-pbßfn-epw- kaim-eo-\ hn-pv-rm-\obßfn-epw- AhKm-lw- t\sn-bn- p- AIv-_dp-sS cn\iƒ- D S Ønepw- ssien-bn-epw- au-eix ]p-e -Øp- p.- Ckv-em-an-I {]t_m-[icp-ss ap-ºn - D bn- s Sp- kwib߃ v- Xr-]v-Xn-Icam-b adp-]sn- \ -Ip-Ibpw- Btcm-]Wßfp-sS s]m- Øc߃- Xp-d p-im-wn- p-bpw- snøp- Cu- Ir-Xn- Ah - v- AXy- w- klm-bias{x.- Hm-tcm- hn-jbsø p-dn- pw- ss n-fpwthtzm-]\n-jøp-ifpw- `u-xn-i Z -i\ßfpw- F p- ]dbp- p- F v- ]cn-tim-[n- p- txm-ssm- w- hn-ip- Jp -B - B hn-jbøn-te v- Fßs\ shfn- w- ho-ip- p- F v- hy-iv-xam- p- Xv- axßsfbpw- kwkv- Im-cßsfbpw- kw-_\v-[n- v- Xm-cXay-]T\w- \SØp- h - v- hfsc {]tbm-p\icam-ip- p.- sndn-bap- w- A_v-Zp -lao-zv-

11 H v- Jp -B\n-s\ p-dn- v...- F m-wv- Jp -B?- {kjv-sm-hpw- kw-c I\p-am-b Xºp-cm-\n -\n- v- am-\hcm-in- v- AhXcn- n- s Ahkm-\sØ thz{k\v-yam-wv- Jp -B.- A n-a {]hm-ni\m-b ap-lωzn-(k)-eq-ssbm-wv- AXv- tem-iw- {ihn- Xv.- Ahkm- \sø a\p-jy - hsc kiecpw- kzo-icn-t sszhn-i {K\v-Yam- WXv.- "Jp -B '- F ]ZØn-\v- "hm-b\'- F pw- "hm-bn- s ts Xv'- F pw- "hm-bn- s -Sp- Xv'- F pw- A -Yap- v.- "hm-bn- s Sp- tcj'- F A -YØn - Jp -B\n -Xs Cu- ]Zw- {]tbm-kn- s n- p- v. (13:-31)- ap-ºp- thz{k\vyßsft m-se \n-bakw-ln-xtbm- (Xu-dm-Øv)- k o -Ø\ßtfm- (k_q ),- kp-hn-tij h -Øam-\ßtfm- (C -Po )- am-{xa Jp -B.- AXn-se Hm-tcm- ]Zhpw- A y-\m-fp-hscbp- tim-sn- W n-\v- kxy-hnizm-kn-ifm - Bh -Øn- v- hm-bn- s Sp-Ibpw- Ahcp-sS lr-zbm- cm-fßfn - sim-øn-sh v- kz-po-hn-xw- AX\p- 23

12 - Jp- -B\n-s - au-e-n-i-x- - kcn- v- hm - s Sp-Ibpw- sntø Xp- Xn-\m-em-bn-cn- mw- A nathzw- Jp -B - F v- \m-aicww- snøs Xv.- bym -Y Im-cWw- AXv- AhXcn- n- \m-y\v- am-{xta Adn-bq. Hcp- kxy-hn-izm-kn-sb kw-_\v-[n- n-støm-fw- kxym-kxyhnthn\øn-\p- am-\zwv-uam-wv- Jp -B.- AXn - I -]n- sx mw- \ bpw- AXn - \n-tcm-[n- sx mw- Xn- bp-am-sw v- Ah - - a\ n- em- p- p.- Jp -B - kz-bw- ]cn-nbs Sp-Øp- Xv- "^p -Jm '- F mwv- (2:-53,- 2:185,- 3:4,- 25:1)- "kxym-kxy-hn-thniw-'- F -Yw.- In-Xm-_v- ({K\v-Yw),- Zn-Iv - (DZv-t_m-[\w),- \q - ({]Im-iw),- lp-zm- (k m -Kw),- _p -lm - (sxfn-hv),- in-^m- (ia\w),- Jønw- (Ah{IambXv),- ap-sslan (]q -hthzßfn-se- A-Sn-ÿm-\-m-i-b-ß-sf- kw-c n- p- Xv)- XpSßnb hntijwßfn-eq-ssbpw- Jp -B - kz-bw- ]cnnbs Sp-Øp- p v.- Chbn-eq-sS Jp -B\n-s -d [ -asø p-dn hyiv-xam-b Nn{Xw- A\p-hm-NI\p- e`n- p- p- v.- "thz{k\v-yw'- - F Xp-sIm- p- hn-h sb m-wv?- "thzw'- Hcp- kw-kv-ir-x ]Zam-Wv.- Adn-hv,- hn-zy- Fs m-s bm-wv- Cu- ]ZØn-\ -Yw.- thzm- Z -i\ {]Im-cw- thzw- {ip-xn-bm-wv.- ]S Xºp-cm\n \n- v- Ejn-am - {ih-n- hn\ßfm-wv- thzøn-s -d D S sa m-wv- hn-izm-kw.- "]ca]p-cp-j\n -\n- m-wv- thzw- D - ] am-bxv'- F m-wv- EtKz-Zw- (10:90:9)- ]dbp- Xv.- GXm-bn-cp- m-epwsszhn-i{k\v-yw- F A -YØn-em-Wv- "thzw'- F ]Zw- C y-bn hy-hlcn- s p-t]m- n- p- Xv.- C y-bn - {]Ncn- n- s skan- n- Iv- axßfpss A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw- Im-em- cøn - Xßfp-sS ax{k\v- Yßsf thz߃- F p- hn-tijn- n- p-ibm-wp- m-bxv.- thz{k\v-yw- F A -YØn - Jp -B - {]tbm-kn- p- Xv- "A - In-Xm-_v'- F ]ZamWv.- {K\v-Yw- (the scripture)- F -Yw.- {]hm- NI m v- ]S Xºp-cm - AhXcn- n- Zn-hy-shfn-]m-Sp-Ifm-WvthZ{K\vYØn-s -d D S sa m-wv- Jp -B\n-I ho- Ww-.- Zn-hyshfn-]m-Sp-Iƒ- m-wv- "hlv-bv'- F p- ]dbp- Xv.- thz{k\v-yøn - "hlvbv'- am-{xtabp- m-hq.- F m -,- Hcp- {]hm-ni\v- e`n- p- F mhlv-bpw- thz{k\v-yøn - Dƒ-s m- n- Wsa n-.- thz{k\vyøn - Dƒ-s m- n- Wsa \n -tzitøm-ss e`n- p- "hlv-bv'- BWv- AXn - Dƒ-s m- n- p- Xv.- Jp- -B\n-s\ p-dn- v- F n-\m-wv- thz{k\v-y߃?- a\p-jy-sc H n- n- p-ibm-wv- thz{k\v-yøn-s -d ]ca{][m-\amb [ -asa m-wv- Jp -B\n-I ho- Ww.- hn-ip- Jp -B - kq-nn- n- p- Xp- Im-Wp-I: "a\p-jy - Hscm- kap-zm-bam-bn-cp- p.- A\ cw- (Ah - `n- n- t mƒ- hn-izm-kn-iƒ- v)- kt m-jhm -Ø Adn-bn- phm-\pw-,- (\ntj[n-iƒ- v)- Xm- o-xv- \ -Ip- Xn-\pw- th n- A m-lp- {]hm-ni m-sc \n-tbm-kn- p.- Ah - `n- n- hn-jbøn - sszhn-iamb Xo - p-i -]n- p- Xn-\m-bn- Ahcp-sS Iq-sS kxy-thzhpw- Ah - Ab p-sim-sp-øp' (2:213).- a\p-jy - `n- n- hn-jbøn - sszhn-iam-b Xo - p-i -]n- p- Xn- \p-th n-bm-wv- thz{k\v-y߃- AhXcn- n- s sx m-wt m- CXn -\n- v- a\ n-em-hp- Xv.- a\p-jy-sc `n- Xbn -\n- v- IcIb phm - th n-bm-wv- Jp -B\n-s -dbpw- AhXcWsa v- AXv- {]Jym- ]n- p- p- v.- "Ah - GsXm-cp- Im-cy-Øn - `n- n- pt]m-bn-cn- p- p-thm,- AXh - v- hy-iv-xam- n-s m-sp- m - th n-bpw- hn-iz-kn- p- P\߃- v- am -KZ -i\hpw- Im-cp-Wy-hpw- Bbn-s m- pw- am-{xam-wv- Rm - \n\ v- thz{k\v-yw- AhXcn- n- p-x Xv'- (16:64)-.- thz{k\v-yøn-s -d Bfp-Isf v- kz-bw- A`n-am-\n- n-cp- h - `n- n- Xpt]m-se A`n-{]m-b`n- XIƒ- cq-]sasp-øv- On- `n- am-im-xn-cn- m - A n-athz{k\v-yam-b Jp -B\pw- AXn-s -d {]m-tbm-kn-i Pohn- Xam-Xr-Ibm-b \_n-ncy-bpw- ap-dp-si ]n-sn- p-ibm-wv- th sx v- Jp B - hn-izm-kn-isf Blzm-\w- snøp- p.- "\n-ßsfm- n- v- A mlp-hn-s -d Ibdn - ap-dp-si ]n-sn- p-i.- \n-߃- `n- n- pt]m-icp-xv'- (3:103).- Chn-sS A m-lp-hn-s -d Ibdp-sIm- p- hn-h hn-ip- Jp - B\pw- \-_n-n-cy-bp-am-sw- v- - hym-jym-xm- ƒ- hy-iv-xam- n-bn- p- v.- Np-cp- Øn,- thz{k\v-yøn-s -d ]ca{][m-\am-b [ -aw- P\ßsf kxy-øn-te v- \bn- p-sim- v- Ah - n-sbn-ep- `n- n- pw- kv-] -[bpw- C m-sxbm- p-ibm-ip- p.- Jp -B\n-\p- ap-ºp- thz{k\v -Yßsf p-dn- v Jp -B - F p- ]dbp- p?- Jp -B\n-\p-ap-ºv- AhXcn- n- s thz{k\v-yßsfsb mw- AXv- Aw-Ko-Icn- p- p.- BsI F{X thz{k\v-y߃- AhXcn- -n- s psh v- JWv-Un-Xam-bn- Jp -B - {]kv-xm-hn- p- n-.- \m-ev- thz{k\v

13 Yßfp-sS t]cv- am-{xam-wv- Jp -B\n - ]cm-a -in- s n-cn- p- Xv.- aq-km- \_n-(a)- v- AhXcn- n- s Xu-dm-Øpw- Zm-hq-Zv- \_n-(a)- v- AhXcn- n- s k_q-dpw- Cu-km-\_n-(A)- v- AhXcn- n- s C -Po-epw- ap-lωzv-(k)- v- AhXcn- n- s Jp- -B\p-am-Wh.- Cu- \mep- thz{k\v-y߃- p-]p-dsabpw- Fgp-Xs tcjiƒ- ]S Xºpcm-\n -\n- v- AhXcn- n- s n- p-s m-wv- Jp -B - \ -Ip- kq- N\.- "\n-߃- ]dbp-i: A m-lp-hn-epw- Ah -\n- v- R߃- v- AhXcn- n- p- In- n-bxn-epw- C_v-dm-lo-an-\pw- Ckv-am-bn-en-\pw- Ckv-lm-Jn-\pwbAvJq-_n-\pw- bavjq-_v- k Xn-Iƒ- pw- AhXcn- n- p-sim-sp- ØXnepw- aq-km,- Cu-km- F n-h - v- \ -Is Xn-epw- k -h{]hm- NI m - pw- Ahcp-sS c n-xm-hn- -\n- v- \ -Is Xn-epw- R߃hn-iz-kn- n-cn- p- p'- (2:136)- "Xo - bm-bpw- CXv- BZy-sØ GSp-Ifn -Xs bp- v,- AYhm- C_vdm-lo-an-s -dbpw- aq-km-bp-ssbpw- GSp-Ifn - (87:18,- 19).- ap-ºp- thzßsf ap-gp-h - Jp -B - kxy-s Sp-Øp- p: "Ah - Cu- thz{k\v-ysø ap -thzßsf icn-sh p- Xm-bn-s m- v- kxyhp-am-bn- \n-\ v- AhXcn- n p- X n-cn- p- p.- a\p-jy - v- am -KZ - i\øn-\m-bn- CXn-\p-ap-ºv- Ah - - Xu-dm-Øpw- - C -Po-epw- AhXcn- n p.- -^p- -Jm-\pw- Ah - AhXcn- n- n-cn- p- p'- (3:3).- A m-lp-hn -\n- v- AhXcn- n- s thz{k\v-yßfn-se mw- hnizkn-t Xv- ap-kv-en-an-s -d \n- -_\v-[_m-[y-xbm-wv.- ap-ºv- AhXcn- n- s thz{k\vyßfntesx n-epw- sszhn-ias v- hn-iz-kn- p- Xvhen-sbm-cp- A]cm-[am-bn- m-wv- Jp -B - Im-Wp- Xv.- "kxy-hn-izm-kn-itf,- A m-lp-hn-epw- Ahs -d Zq-X\n-epw- Ahs d Zq-X\v- Ah - AhXcn- n- {K\v-YØn-epw- Ah - ap-ºv- AhXcn- n- {K\v-YØn-epw- \n-߃- hn-iz-kn- p-hn.- A m-lp-hn-epw- Ahs -d ae p-ifn-epw- Ahs -d {K\v-Yßfn-epw- Ahs -d Zq-X m-cn-epw- A y- Zn-\Øn-epw- h h\pw- Ahn-iz-kn- p- ] w- Xo - bm-bpw- Ah - _lp-zq-cw- ]n-g p-t]m-bn-cn- p- p'- (4:136).- Xu-dm-Øv,- k_q,- C -Po - Xp-Sßn-bh C v- ss n-fn - ImWp txm-d (] ]p-kv-xi߃),- k o -Ø\߃,- kp-hn-tij߃- F n-hbm-twm?- Jp- -B\n-s\ p-dn- v- aq-km-(a)- v- \ -Is thz{k\v-yam-wv- Xu-dm-Øv.- CtXt]m-se Zm-hq-Zn-(A)-\pw- Cu-km(A)- pw- \ -Is thz{k\v-yßfm-wv- k_q,- C -Po - F n-h.- ]S Xºp-cm - {]hm-ni m - v- AhXcn- n- {K\v-Yßfm-bn- m-wv- thz{k\v-yßsf Jp -B - ]cn-nbs Sp-Øp- Xv.- "Xo - bm-bpw- \mw Xs bm-wv- Xu-dm-Øv- AhXcn- n- n-cn- p- Xv.- AXn - am -KZ -i\hpw- {]Im-ihp-ap- v (5:44).- "Zm-hq-Zn-\v- \mw- "k_q -'- \ -Ip-Ibpw- snbv-xn-cn- p- p'- (17:55)- "k m -K\n -tzihpw- kxy-{]im-ihp-asßn-b C -Po-epw- \mw- At±lØn-\v- (Cu-km- v)- \ -In'- (5:46).- Chbn -\n- v- ssz-hw- Xºp-cm - {]hm-ni m - v- AhXcn- n- {K\v- Yßfm-Wn-hsb v- kp-xcmw- hy-iv-xam-wv.- F m - ss nƒ- ]p-kv- XIßfp-sS kv-yn-xn- CX.- {]hm-ni m - v- tijw- ]Xn- m- p-iƒ- Ign- v- cnn- s {K\v-Yßfm-Wh.- sszhzq-x m - v- AhXcn- n- s {K\v-Yßfm-sW v- JWv-Un-Xam-bn- ]dbm-hp- Hcp- ]p-kv- XIhpw- ss n-fnen-.- ] ]p-kv-xi߃- (txm-dm)- tam-si cnn- psh m-wv- ]cºcm-kx blq-z hnizm-kw; sszhw- AhXcn- n- {K\v- Yam-sW.- tam-si cnn- XmWv- ] ]p-kv-xißsf ]cºcm- KX hn-izm-kw- ASn-kv-Ym-\ cln-xam-sw m-wv- B[p-\n-I KthjW߃- hy-iv-xam- p- Xv.- tam-si-bp-ss- a-c-w-hpw- a-c-wm-\- c- kw-`-h-ß-fp-sa- mw- ] -]p-kv-x-i-øn - hn-h-cn- -s - n- p- -Xn-\m - (Bh -Ø-\w- 34:-5 10)- AsXm-cn- -epw- tam-si- c-nn- -Xm-bn-cn- m-\n-sbn-s - m-wv- ]Wv-Un-Xm-`n-{]m-bw.- k o -Ø\ßfp-sS kv-yn-xn-bpw- XssYh.- Zm-ho-Zv- cnn- Xm-sW v- JWv-Un-Xambn- ]dbm-hp- Hcpk o -Ø\w- t]m-ep-an-s Xm-Wv- hm-kv-xhw.- kp-hn-tijßfn - tbip- {]kw-kn- sszhøn-s -d kp-hn-tijsø p-dn- kq-n\ifps nepw- (am -t m-kv- 1:14,-15)- {]kv-xpx kp-hn-tijsø p-dn- hy- Iv-Xam-sbm-cp- Nn-{Xw- \m-ep- kp-hn-tijßfpw- \ -Ip- n-.- ]p-xn-b \nbaøn-ep- kp-hn-tijßfm-is tbip-hn\v- A p- ]Xn- m- p- Isf n-epw- Ign- v- cnn- s Xm-Wv.- tbip-hn-s d Po-hnXsØbpwktµisØbpw- Ip-dn- v- hy-xykv-xhpw- hn-cp- hp-am-b Nn-{Xßfm-Wvkphn-tij߃- \ -Ip- Xv.- Chsbm- pw-xs tbip-hn-\v- AhXcn- n- s thz{k\v-yas v- hy-iv-xam-wt m.- Npcp- Øn - Xu-dm- Øn-sebpw- k_q-dn-sebpw- C -Po-en-sebpw ]e Bibßfpw- ss nfnse hy-xy-kv-x ]p-kv-xißfn - D cn- s n- p-s n-epw- Ahsbm

14 pw- ]q -Wam-bn- ss n-fn - Ds v- ]dbm - Ign-bn-.- sslµh thzßsf p-dn- v- Jp- -B - F p-]dbp- p-?- F m- P\kaq-lßfn-te pw- {]hm-ni m - \n-tbm-kn- s n- p- v.- "Hcp- Xm- o-xp-im-c - Ign- p-t]m-im-ø Hcp- kapz-m-bhp-an- '- (35:24)- F m-wv- Jp -B - A -Yi n-sbn- m-øhn-[w- hy-iv-xam- p- Xv.- At mƒ- Nn-c]p-cm-X\am-b Hcp- kw-kv-im-cw- \n-e\n- n-cp- {]tzisa \n-ebv- v- C y-bn-epw- {]hm-ni m - h n- p- m-hww.- B {]hm-ni m-cn - Nn-e - v- thz{k\v-yßfpw- \ -Is n-cn- Ww.- Cu- {]hm-ni m-sctbm- thz-{k\v-yßsftbm- CIgv-Øp-Itbm- AhaXn- p-itbm- snøm - ap-kv-enan-\v- ]m-sn-.- {]hm-ni m - n-sbn - hnthn\w- I -]n- p- Xn-s\Xn-sc Jp -B - iiv-xam-bn- Xm- o-xv- \ - Ip- p- v (4:150).- At mƒ- C y-bnte p-h {]hm-ni m- - \n-tbm- K-n- -s - n- p-s - n - A-h-sc-bpw- Ah - v- AhXcn- n- s thz{k\v- Yßsfbpw- Jp -B - BZcn- p- p.- Aw-Ko-Icn- p- p.- F m,- C p-\n-e\n - p- {ip-xn- {K\v-Yßfn-tesX n-epw- (thzkw-ln-xiƒ,- {_m-lv-aw߃,- BcWy-I߃,- D]\n-jØp-Iƒ)- ]S Xºp-cm - {]hm-ni m - v- AhXcn- n- {K\v-Yßfm-sW v- ]dbm - Ign-bp-tam?- Ch sszhøn- -\n- v- {ihn- s Xn-\m-em-Wv- {ip-xn-sb p- hn-fn- -p- sx m-wv- hn-izm-kw.- sszhøn- -\n- v- a\p-jy - v- {]txy-iam-b ktµi߃- - AhXcn- n- s Sp- p-sh hn-iz-m-kw- ln-µp- ƒ- n-sbn - \n-e\n- n-cp psh v- {ip-xn- k -]w- hy-iv-xam- p- p.- \ts ]d {K\v-Yßsf mw- {ipxn-ifm-bn- hy-hlcn- s Sp- p-s n-epw- Ahbn - GsX mw- {]mam-wn-iam-sw Im-cy-Øn - A`n-{]m-bm- cßfp- v.- Bcy-km-{am-Pykv-Ym-]I\m-b k-zm-an- Zbm-\µkckz-Xn- \m-ev- thzkw-ln-xiƒ- p- am- {XamWv- A{]am-Zn-Xz-ap- sx v- hm-zn- p-tºmƒ- k-zm-an- hn-thim-\µs\ t]m-ep- h - D]\n-jØp-Iƒ- m-wv- {]Ya {]m-[m-\yw- \ -Ip- Xv.- ASn-kv-Ym-\ {ip-xn-{k\v-y߃- p-t]m-epw- sx p-iƒ-] m-sa v- A`n{]mbs ln-µp-ax ]Wv-Un-X mcp- v.-"thz߃- sx -p ] møhtbmk hxpw- Dƒ-s m- p- htbm- A ' (Indian Religions page 22) F tum.- cm-[m-ir-jv-ws -d ho- Whpw- "thzßfn - bp-iv-xn-bp-am-bn- s]m cp-øs Sp- n-støm-fw- `m-k߃- Rm - kzo-icn- p- p.- thzßfnse Jp- -B\n-s\ p-dn- v- Nn-e `m-k߃- {]Ya Zr-jv-Sn-bn - -]ckv-]chn-cp- ßfmWv'.- (hn-thim- \µ km-ln-xy- k -hkzw- hm-eyw- 4,- ]p-dw- 55)- F kzm-an- hn-thim- \µs -d \n-e]m-spw- thz߃- \q-dp-ixam-\w- sszhni hn\ßfm-wpƒs m- p- sx hm-zkxn-bp-ss ap-\sbmsn- m - t]m Xm-Wv.- s]m-xp-sh ]d m,- C y-bn - \n-e\n- n-cp- hn-izm-kßsfbpw- BNm-cßsfbpw- Ip-dn- hy-iv-xam-b Nn-{Xw- \ -Ip- {K\v-Yßfm-Wv- {ip-xn-iƒ.- C y-bnte v- \n-bp-iv-xcm-b {]hm-ni m - {]t_m-[\wsnbv-x Bibßfp-sS iie߃- Chbn - Im-Wm-\m-hpam-bn-cn- Ww.- F m,- Ch ]q -Wam-bpw- sszhn-iam-sw hm-zw- ASn-kv-Ym- \clnxam-wv.- Jp -B\n-s -d {]tabsa m-wv?- a\p-jy-s -d hn-pbam-wv- Jp -B\n-s -d {]tabw.- kz-x{ am-b ssiim-cy-i -Xr-Xz-Øn-\v- km-[n- p- GIPo-hn-sb \n-ebv- v- a\pjy-s -d \n-e\n -]n-\pw- ]p-tcm-kxn- pw- Ah - Nn-e \n-ba߃- A\pkcn-t Xp- v.- {]] Øn-se F m- hkv-xp- fpw- kz-ta[bmsszhni \n-ba߃- A\p-kcn- p-sim- n-cn- p- p.- {]kv-xp-x A\pkcWØn -\n- v- hy-xn-nen- p-hm - Ahbv- v- Ign-bn-.- a\p-jy-icocøn-se hy-hkv-yifpw- \n -_\v-[]q -hw- sszhn-i \n-baßf\p-kcn- p- p.- F m,- ]cn-an-xam-b Nn-e tajeifn - a\p-jy-\v- kz-x{ amb ssiim-cy-i -Xr-Xzw- \ -In-bn- p- v.- Ahn-sSbpw- sszhn-iam-b hn-[n-hn-e p- Iƒ- A\p-kcn- p- Xn-eq-sS am-{xta Ah\v- hn-pbw- hcn- m-\m-hq.- a\p-jy-tcm-smw-v- Jp -B - kw-kmc-n- p- Xv.- Ahs -d hn-pbønte m-wv- AXv- a\p-jy-sc- Wn- p- Xv.- ]S Xºp-cm-s -d Akv-Xn- Xz-sØ p-dn- v- {]IrXn-bn-se hy-xy-kv-xßfm-b {]Xn`m-k߃- Nq n- m-wn- p-sim- v- AXv- Ahs\ sxcy-s Sp-Øp- p.- Cltem-IPo-hn- XØn-s -d \iz-cxsbbpw- Chn-SsØ kp-jt`m-k߃- p-]n- n - HmSn- Po-hn-Xw- Xp-ebv- p- Xn-s -d A -Yan- m-bv-asbbpw-ip-dn- v- AXv- Aht\mSv- kw-km-cn- p- p.- a-c-wm-\- -c-ap- - A-\-iz-c-Po-hn-X-Øn kz -K {]thiøn-\v- A -lcm-hp-ibpw- \cibm-x\ifn -\n- v- c {]m- ]n- p-ibpw- snøp- A\p-{Klo-Xcn - Dƒ-s Sphm - F p- am- -Kwkzo-Icn- Wsa v- Ah\v- hy-iv-xam- n-s m-sp- p- p.- `u-xn-i Po-hn- XØn-se kp-jku-icy-߃- p-th n- \ciw- hn-ebv-s Sp-Øhcp-sS Ncn-{XØnte v- Ahs -d {i Wn- p- p.- hn-ip- am-b Po-hn-Xw

15 \bn- v- kz -K{]thiØn-\v- A\p-aXn- \ -Is hsc p-dn- v- Ah\v- ]d p-sim-sp- p- p.- Np-cp Øn,- sszhn-i hn-[n-hn-e p-iƒ- A\p-kcn- p-sim- v- Cl]chn-Pbw- Ickv-Yam- p-hm - a\p-jy-sc kpv-pam- p-ibm-wv- Jp B - snøp- Xv. Jp -B\n-s -d {]Xn-]m-Z\ ssien...-?- ]S Xºp-cm-s -d hn\ßfm-wv- Jp -B\n-ep- Xv.- a\p-jy-cm-wv- AXn-s -d kw-t_m-[n-x.- km-[m-cw {K\v-Yßfp-sS {]Xn-]m-Z\ssienb Jp -B - kzo-icn- n-cn- p- Xv.- sshpv-rm-\n-i {K\v-Yßfp-tSXpt]m-se ka -Y\Øn-s -d ssien-tbm- Ncn-{X{K\v-Yßfn-teXp-t]m-se {]Xn-]m-Z\Øn-s -d ssien-tbm- km-ln-xy {K\v-Yßfn-teXp-t]m-se IY\Øn-s -d ssien-tbm- A Jp -B\n - kzo-icn- s n-cn- p- Xv.- Cu- ssien-isf mw- Jp -B - kzo-icn- p- p- p-xm-\pw.- \n- -Wbn- s Hcp- ti{µ hn-jbøn-s -d im-jifpw- D]im-JIfpw- hn-izo- Icn- p-sim- v- Dt±in- Im-cyw- ka -Yn- p-ib Jp -B - snøp- Xv.- hn-jb߃- \n -Wbn- v- AXn-s -d ASn-kv-Ym-\Øn - A[ym-bßfpwio -jißfpw- Xcw-Xn-cn- p-isb ssien-b Jp -B\n - kzo-icn- s n-cn- p- Xv.- hy-xy-kv-x hn-jb߃- Iq-Sn- p-g co-xn-bn-emwv- AXn - {]Xn-]m-Zn- s n- p- Xv.- {]t_m-[n-xtcm-sv- ka -Yam-bn- kw-hzn- p- ssien-bm-wv- Jp - B\n - kzo-icn- s n- p- Xv F v- ]dbmw.- a\p-jy-sc c m-am - Kw- ]Tn- n- p-ibm-wv- Jp -B - snøp- Xv.- AXn-\Xv- im-kv-{xsøbpw- Ncn-{XsØbpsa mw- D]tbm-Ks Sp-Øp- p- v.- kzv-h -Øam-\ßfpw- AtXm-sSm- w- Xm- o-xpw- AXn-s -d kq-iv-x߃- n-s v- IS p-hcp- p.- kxy-am -Kw- kzo-icn- m - e`n- m - t]m-ip- {]Xn-^esØbpw- Xn-ckv-Icn- m-ep- `hn-jy-øp-isfbpw- Ip-dn- v- AXv- t_m-[y-s Sp-Øp- p- v.- a\p-jy-s -d _p- n-sbbpw- bp-iv-xn-sbbpw- X n-bp-w -Øn-s m v- Xs -d Np- p-]m-sp-ifn-te v- ItÆm-Sn- p-hm-\pw- - Aßs\ {]Xn-]m- Zn- s Sp- Im-cy-ßfp-sS kxy-xsb p-dn- v- kz-bw- t_m-[y-s Sp-Øm- \pw- AXv- Bhiy-s Sp- p.- CsX- mw- Iq-Sn- p-g p-sim- m-wv- IS p- hcp- Xv.- {]t_m-[n-xcp-ss Xm -]cyw- ]cn-kwn- v ]S Xºp-cm - kzo-icn- Xm-Wv- Cu- ssien.- _p- n-po-hn-ifpw- km-[m-cw m-cp-sa mw- Dƒ- Jp- -B\n-s\ p-dn- v- s Sp- a\p-jy-kaq-løn-s -d sam-øw- t_m-[hxv-icwøn-\v- DXIp- Xt{X Cu- ssien.- Jp -B\n-s -d khn-tijam-b Cu- {]Xn-]m- Z\ssien-sb p-dn- v- a\ n-em- m-sx Hcp- sshpv-rm-\n-i {K\v- YsØtbm- Ncn-{X]p-kv-XIsØtbm- kao-]n- p- co-xn-bn - Jp -B\ns\ kao-]n- p- Xv- AXn-s\ th hn-[øn - a\ n-em- p- Xn-\v- hn- Lm-Xam-hpw.- Jp -B\n-se hm-iy-߃,- A[ym-b߃- F n-hsb n-...?- Jp -B\n A[ym-bßfm-Wp- Xv.- A[ym-bØn-\v- "kq-døv'- F v- t]cv.- Hm-tcm- kq-døp-iƒ- pw- hy-xy-kv-xßfm-b t]cp-iƒ- \ - Is n- p- v.- Nn-e A[ym-bßfp-sS {]m-cw-`i_v-z߃- Ahbp-sS \maßfm-bn- \n-iv-nbn- s n-cn- p- p.- a p- Nn-e kq-døp-iƒ- v- AhbpsS a[y-øn - ]cm-a -in- s GsX n-epw- Im-cy-ßfm-Wv- t]cp- Ifm-bn- \ -Is n-cn- p- Xv.- {]Xn-]m-Zn- s {][m-\ hn-jbßsf kq-nn- n- p- \m-a߃- \ -Is kq-døp-ifp-ap- v.- a p- Nn-e kqdøp-ifp-ss t]cp-ifm-hs AXn - {]Xn-]m-Zn- s ASn-kv-Ym- \ hn-jbßsf tzym-xn- n- p- hbm-wv.- kq-døp-ifp-ss hen- Øn-epw- hen-b A cap- v.- aq- p- hm-ni߃am-{xap- sn-dn-b- - A[ym-b߃- ap-x - ap- q-tdm-fw- hn\ßfp- Zo Lam-b kq-døp-iƒ- hscbp- v.- kq-døp-ifn-se Hm-tcm -- hm-iy-߃- m-wv- "BbØp'-Isf v- ]dbpi.- BbØp-Ifp-sS hen- Øn-epw- KWy-am-b A cap- v.- GXm- \pw- i_vz߃- am-{xw- tn - BbØp-Iƒ- ap-x - Hcp-]m-Sv- Zo -Lamb BbØp-Iƒ- hscbp- v.- ]e BbØp-Ifpw- kºq -W hm-iy-ßfm- Wv.- F m,- GXm-\pw- BbØp-Iƒ- tn - m - am-{xw- ]q -Whm-Iyam-bn-Øo-cp- hbp-ap- v.- AXp-t]m-seXs Ip-td ]q -Whm-Iy-߃tN - BbØp-Ifp-ap- v.- BbØp-Ifp-sS LS\bpw- ssz -Lyhpsa mw- \n-iv-nbn- n-cn- p- Xv- sszhwxºp-cm-\m-wv.- Jp -B - sszhn-i {K\v-Yam-sW Xn-\v- F m-wv- sxfn-hv?- Jp- -B - sszhn-i {K\v-Yam-sW Xn-\p- Nn-e sxfn-hp-iƒ- Xmsg dbp- p: 1.- AXv- kz-bw- sszhn-i {K\v-Yam-sW v- {]Jym-]n- p- p AXv- A y-\m-fp-hsc am- an- m-sx \n-e\n - p- p

16 3.- AXv- {]Zm-\w- snøp- km- m- -Kn-I{Iaw- In-Sb Xm-Wv AXv- {]m-tbm-kn-iam-wv AXv- ]Tn- n- p- Ncn-{Xw- If cln-xhpw- kxy-k\v-[hp-am-wv AXn-s -d km-ln-xyw- \n-kv-xp-ea-m-wv AXv- \SØn-b {]hn\߃- kxy-k\v-[am-bn- ]p-e - n- p- v sszhøn-s -d Zr-jv-Sm- ߃- F \n-ebn - {]m-] n-i {]Xn-`m-kßsf n- AXn - \SØn-b ]cm-a -i߃- {]am-zap- I v - Xam-Ip- p AXn - Aim-kv-{Xo-bam-b bm-sxm-cp- ]cm-a -ihp-an AXn - bm-sxm-cp- sshcp-[y-hp-an AXn-teXp-t]m-sebp- Hcp- A[ym-bsa n-epw-sim- p-hcm a\p-jy-tcm-sv- AXv- \SØn-b sh p-hn-fn- v- adp-]sn- \ -Im - CXp- Jp -B\n-s -d AhIm-ihm-Zw- hsc B - pw- Ign- n- n AXp-am-bn- tem-iøp \n-bp-iv-x\m-b hy-iv-xn- kxy-k\v-[\pw- \n-kzm -Y\p-am-Wv.- c- v- Jp -B\n-s -d AhIm-ihm-Zw- Jp -B - kz-bw- sszhn-iam-sw v- AhIm-is Sp- p-t m?- -AsX.- hn-ip- Jp -B - kz-bw-xs sszhn-iam-sw hkv-xp-x Bh -Øn- v- hy-iv-xam- p- p- vv.- ""Cu- {K\v-YØn-s -d AhXcWw- k -htem-i c n-xm-hn- -\n- m-ip- p.- CXn - bm-sxm-cp- kw-ibhp-an- '' (32:2).- ""Xo - bm-bpw- CXv- tem-i c n-xm-hv- AhXcn- n- Xp-Xs bm- Ip p''- (26:192)

17 ""{]Xm-]n-bpw- Icp-Wm-\n-[n-bp-am-bn- p- h - AhXcn- n- Xt{X CXv''- (36:5)- a p- thzßfpw- sszhn-iam-sw v- AhIm-is Sp- n-t?- C.- a p- thz{k\v-yßsfm- pw-xs kv-]jv-shpw- hy-iv-xhp-am-bn- Ah sszhn-iam-sw v- kz-bw- {]Jym-]n- p- n Xn-tam-sØtbm-kv- 3:16 - ss nƒ- sszhhn\am-sw v- ]dbp- p- t m-.- CXn-s -d hn-h sb m-wv?- ""tbip-{in-kv-xp-hn-ep- Cu- hn-izm-køn-eq-ss c {]m-]n- m - \ns {]t_m-[n- n- p- hn-ip- en-jn-x߃- _m-eyw- ap-xte \n-\ p- ]cn-nbap- t m.- hn-ip- en-jn-xßsf mw- sszh\n-thin-xam-wv-; ]Tn- n- m-\pw- im-kn- m-\pw- sx p-xn-cp-øm-\pw- \o-xn-bn-ep- ]cn-io-e\øn- \pw- AXv- D]Icn- p- p''- (2 Xn-sam-sØtbm-kv- 3:15 16).- Chn-sS,- ]u-tem-kv- hn-ip- en-jn-xßsf v- ]d Xv- ss nƒ- ]p-kv-xißsf p-dn- m-sw n - am-{xta ss nƒ- sszh\n-thin-xamsw v- AXp-Xs AhIm-ihm-Zw- D bn- p-sh v- ]dbm-\m-iq.- F m,- hkv-xp-x AX.- ss nƒ- ]p-xn-b \n-baøn - kzo-icn- s n-cn- p- Ccp-]Øn-tbgv- ]p-kv-xißfn - BZy-am-bn- cnn- s h ]utem-kn-s -d tej\ßfm-wv.- {In-kv-Xm_v-Zw- 40 \pw- 60 \pan-sbn-em-wv- Ah cnn- s sx m-wv- ]Wv-Un-Xm-`n-{]m-bw.- ]u-temkn-s -d tej\ßsfm-gn- v- a p- ]p-xn-b \n-ba{k\v-yßsf mw- cnn- s n-cn- p- Xv- {In-kv-Xm-_v-Zw- 65 \pw- 150 \p-an-s m-wv.- ap-ifn - D cn- n-cn- p- hn\w- {i n- p-i.- ]u-tem-kv- Chn-sS ]cm-a -in- p- Xv- Xn-sam-sØtbm-kn-\v- ]cn-nbap- GtXm- hn-ip- en-jn-xßsfbm-wv.- B en-jn-x߃- ]u-tem-kn-s -d tej\߃- p-ap-tº {]Nm-cØn-ep- hbm-sw m-wv- At±lØn-s -d ssien-bn -\n- v- a\ n-em-hp- Xv.- ]p-xn-b \n-baøn-em-hs,- ]u-tem-kn-s -d tej\øn-\v- ap-ºv- cnn- s Hcp- en-jn-xhp-an-s p-d m-wv.- At mƒ- ]n-s,- sszh\n-thin- Xam-b hn-ip- en-jn-x߃- F p- ]u-tem-kv- ]cn-nbs Sp-Ø-n-bXvss n-fn-ep- GsX n-epw- ]p-kv-xisøbm-sw -v- Icp-Xp- Xn - \ym-ban-.- ss nfn-se- ]p-xn-b-\n-b-a-]p-kv-xi߃- cnn- s Sp- Xn- \p- ap-ºv- \n-e\n- n-cp- GtXm- en-jn-xßsfbm-wv- ]u-tem-kv- Chn-sS ]cm-a -in- p- Xv- F p-d m-wv.- At mƒ- Cu- hn\saßs\ sszhn- Iam-sW ss n-fn-s -d AhIm-ihm-Zam-Ipw?- CXv- ss n-fns d Jp -B\n-s -d AhIm-ihm-Zw- AhIm-ihm-Za.- ss nfn-en- m-ø GtXm- en-jn-xßsf p-dn- ]utem-kn-s d ]cm-a -iw- am-{xam-wxv.- {]kv-xp-x en-jn-xßfm-is C v- D]e_v-[a Xm-\pw.- sszhn-iam-sw kz-bw- AhIm-ihm-Zw- sim- p-am-{xw- Hcp- {K\vYw- sszhn-iam-ip-tam?- C.- sszhn-iam-sw v- AhIm-is Sp- - G-sXm-cp- - {K\v-Yhp-w- AXns -d sszhn-ix sxfn-bn-t Xp- v.- F m,- Hcp- {K\v-Yw- sszhn- Iam-sW n - AXv- kz-btam- AXs n - AXpam-bn- h {]hm- NIt\m- {]kv-xp-x hm-zw- D bn-t Xp-s X-v- {]m-yan-iam-b Hcp- Im-cy-am-Ip- p.- {K\v-Yw- kz-btam- AXp-am-bn- h hy-iv-xn-tbm- AXvssZhn-Iam-sW AhIm-ihm-Zw- D bn- m-øn-støm-fw- a m - pw- B hmzw- D bn- m - AhIm-ian-s Xm-Wv bm-ym -Yyw.- {K\v-YØns -d A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ- AXv- sszhn-iamsw p- ]dbp-tºmƒ- B {K\v- Ytam- AXp-am-bn- h hy-iv-xn-tbm- D bn- hm-zøn-\p- km- ywam-{xta BIp- p- q.- hm-zw- \n-e\n - p- n-s n - km- yw- A{]kIv-Xam-Wt m.- Jp- -Bs\m-gn- v- a p- thz{k\v-yßfp-sssb mw- kv-yn-xn-bn-xm-wv.- Ahsbm- pw- kz-bw- sszhn-iam-sw v- AhIm-is Sp- n-.- AhbpsS A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ- Ahbn - sszhn-ix Btcm-]n- p-ibm-wv- snøp- Xv.- X - im-kv-{x {]Im-cw- Xn-I Akw-_\v-[am-Wn-Xv.- hn-hcap- hcp-ss ]cn-kw\ p-t]m-epw- htc Xn- m-ø kw-kxn.- hm-zan- mø 34 35

18 tikn - {]Xy- s Sp- km- n-isft m-se AhKWn- s ts Im-cyw- am-{xam-wn-xv.- Jp -B\n-s -d Ahkv-Y CX.- AXv- kz-bw- sszhn-iam-sw v- {]Jym-]n- p- p.- AXn-\m - Hcp- hm-zw- \ne\n - p- p.- C\n- Cu- hm- ZØn - F{X-tØm-fw- Igºp- v F p- ]cn-tim-[n- s SWw.- {]kv- Xp-X ]cn-tim-[\ v- Hcp- A -Yap- v.- kz-bw- sszhn-iam-sw v- ]dbm- Ø {K\v-Yßfp-sS sszhn-ix ]cn-tim-[n p- Xp-t]mse \n-c -YIa AXv.- a-q- v- Jp -B\n-s -d cn\ ap-lωzv- \_n-(k)-bp-ss cn\bm-wv- Jp- B - F p- hm-zn- p-iq-ss?- ap-lωzv- \_n(k)- Po-hn- Xv- Ncn-{XØns -d sh-fn- Øn-em-Wv.- At±lØn-eq-sSbm-Wv- tem-iw- Jp -B - {ihn- Xv.- AXp-sIm- p-xs Jp -B\n-s -d sszhn-ix Aw-Ko-Icn- m-øhsc kw-_\v-[n- n-stømfw- Ah - v- ]dbm-\p- Xv- CXv- ap-lωzn-(k)-s -d cn\bm-sw mwv.- Cu- hm-zw- hn-izam-bn- N - sntø Xm-Wv.- N - bp-ss Bap-Jambn- Jp -B\n-s -d cn\ \mw- a\ n-em-t Nn-e hkv-xp-xifp- v.- Ahbp-sS ASn-Ødbn - \n- p-sim- m-bn-cn- Ww- ap-lωzv- \_n-(k)-bn - Jp -B\ns -d I - Xr-Xzw- Btcm-]n- p- Xv.- H v-: \m -]Xp- hb p-hsc Ad_n-Iƒ- n-sbn - kp-kωx\m-b hy-iv-xn-bm-bn-cp- p- ap-lωzv(k).- Jp -B - sszhn-iam-sw pw- AXnse hn-[n-hn-e piƒ- A\p-kcn-t Xp-s pw- {]t_m-[\w- snbv- XXp-sIm- m-wv- At±lw- shdp- s h\m-bxv-; _ln-jv-icn- s Xv;- P-\n- v- h-f - - \m- n - \n- v- ]em-b\w- sntø n-h Xv.- c v-: kxy-k\v-[\m-bn-cp- p- ap-lωzv-(k)- F Im-cy-Øn - At±lØn-s -d ITn-\ i{xp- ƒ- p-t]m-epw- A`n-{]m-bhy-Xym-kap- mbn-cp- n-.- \m -]Xp- hb p-hsc kxy-k\v-[\m-bn- Po-hn- At±lw- Hcp- Zn-hkw- ]S Xºp-cm-s -d t]cn - Hcp- ] w- ]d p-sh pw- AXv- {]Ncn- n- p- Xn-\p-th n- kz- w- Po-h - Xr-WhXv-KWn- psh pw- hn-iz-kn- p-i {]bm-kam-wv.- aq- v-: km-ln-xy-im-c m - v- Atd_y-bn - D Xam-b kv-ym-\w- \ - Is n-cp- p.- Jp -B - AXyp- Xam-b Hcp- km-ln-xy- kr-jv-sn-bm-sw Im-cy-Øn - B - pw- `n- m-`n-{]m-bap- m-bn-cp- n-.- AXv- Xt -dxm- Wv- F v- AhIm-is n-cp- p-sh n - At±lØn-\v- Ad_n-Iƒ- n- Sbn - D Xam-b kv-ym-\am-\߃- e`n- p-am-bn-cp- p.- \m-ev-: ap-lωzn(k)-s -d Nn-e \S]Sn-Isf hn-a -in- p- hm-iy-߃- Jp -B\n-ep- v.- A v-: ap-lωzn-(k)-s\ iiv-xam-bn- Xm- o-xv- snøp- hn\ßfpw- Jp -B\n-ep- v.- Cu- hkv-xp-xiƒ- ap- n - sh p-sim- m-wv- Jp -B - ap-lωzn- (k)-s -d kr-jv-sn-bm-wv- F hm-zøn-se icn-bpw- sx pw- ]cn-tim-[n- t Xv.- km-ln-xy-aq-ey-ap- Hcp- kr-jv-sn- \SØn- AXv- sszhøn-s -d t]cn - Btcm-]n- Xm-sW n - AXn-\p- ]n- n - kzm- -Yam-b h e y-ßfpap- m-hwat m.- AsX m-bn-cp- p-sh m-wv- hn-a -ii - BZyw- hy- Iv-Xam-t Xv.- AXn-s -d ASn-kv-Ym-\Øn-em-Wv- Cu- hm-zøn-s -d kxy-x ]cn-tim-[n- s ts Xv.- Xm - sszhzq-x\m-sw v- hcp-øn-øo -Øn- v- e`n- p

19 `u-xn-i t\ ßfm-bn- q-ss Jp -B\n-s -d cn\ p- ]n- n ap-lωzn(k)-s -d e y-w? A\m-Y\m-bn- hf - ap-lωzv-(k)- sndp- Øn - Hcp-]m-Sv- Ijv-S m- Sp-Iƒ- A\p-`hn- n-cn- mw.- F m,- Xs -d 25 mw- hb n - \m -]Xp- Im-cn-bm-b I hs m-cn- JZo-P(d)-sb hn-hm-lw- snbv-xxn-\p-tijw- At±lØn-s -d Po-hn-X\n-ehm-cw- kz-m-`m-hn-iam-bpw- sa s Xm-bnam-dn-bn-cn- Ww.- AXym-hiyw- \ km-ºøn-i tijn-bp- m-bn-cp- JZo-P(d)-bp-sS ` -Øm-hm-bn-cp- At±lw- km-ºøn-i t i߃- A\p-`hn- n-cn- m-\p- km-[y-x hn-cfam-wv.- JZo-Pbp-am-bp- ap-lωzn- (k)-s -d hn-hm-lw- \S Xv- {]hm-nixzw- e`n- p- Xn-\v- 15 h -j߃- p-ap-ºm-wv.- ]Xn-\ v- h -jw- km-ºøn-it iw- Iq-Sm-sX Po-hn- Xn- \p-tijam-wv- Xm - {]hm-ni\m-sw pw- Jp -B - sszhhn\amsw pap- AhIm-ihm-Zßfp-am-bn- ap-lωzv-(k)- cw-k{]thiw- snøp- sx -Yw.- Jp -B - sszhn-iam-sw v- hm-zn- p-i hgn- `u-xn-iem- `am-wv- At±lw- CNv-On- sx n- - Cu- hm-zw- D bn- Xn-\p-tijw- At±lØn-s -d km-ºøn-i kv-yn-xn- sa s n-cn- Wat m.- F m,- F m-bn-cp- p kv-yn-xn?- {]hm-ni]xv-\n- BCi(d)- ]dbp- p: ""Rßfp-sS ho- n - H pw- ]m-niw- snøm-\n- m-øxn-\m - ASp- p- ]p-ibm-sx Ht m- ct mam-k߃- Ign- p-t]m-im-dp- m-bn-cp- p.- Cu-Ø ghpw- sh hp-ambn-cp- p- Rßfp-sS D]Po-h\w.- Nn-et mƒ- azo-\øp-im - sim- ph B n -]m-epw- Cu-Ø gtøm-sp- Iq-sSbp- m-hpw''.- BCi(d)- Hcm-tfm-Sv- ]gbim-cy-߃- ]d p-sim- n-cn- p-ibm-wv.- - azo-\bn-te p- ]em-b\øn-\p-tijw- {]hm-ni\pw- Ip-Spw-_hpwkln- {]bm-kßfm-wv- {]Xn-]m-Zyw.- Hcp- cm-{xn- X n-øs p-sim- v- ho- p-tpm-en-iƒ- snbv-xim-cyw- Ah - ]d p.- Abmƒ- tnm-zn- p: ""hn-f n- m-bn-cp- p-thm?- Ah - {]Xn-hNn- p-: ""hn-f p- IØn- m-\p- FÆ Rßfp-sS ] ep- m-bn-cp- p-sh n - hn-i v- am- m - AXv- Ip- Sn- p-am-bn-cp- p-; IØn- p- Xn-\p- ]Icw''.- - CXv- {]hm-nis -d BZy-Im-esØ am-{xw- Ahkv-Yb.- ap-lωzv- (k)- iiv-xam-b Hcp- km-{am-py-øn-s -d `cwm-[n-im-cn-bm-bn-cp- t mgpw- At±lØn-s -d Ahkv-Y CXn -\n- v- H pw- sa am-bn-cp- n-.- Ckvem-an-I km-{am-py-øn-s -d A[n-]s -d A ]p-csø p-dn- v- Jp -B\n-s -d cn\ At±lØn-s -d klnm-cn-bm-bn-cp- Da -(d)-xs ]dbs : ""{]hm-nis -d ap-dn-bn - Du-d n- aq- v- txm -Ijv-Wßfpw- Hcpaq-ebn - A -]w- _m -en-bp-a m-sx as m- pw-xs Rm - I n-.- Rm - Ic p-t]m-bn.- {]hm-ni - tnm-zn- p: "F n-\m-wv- Xm- ƒ- Icbp- Xv?'- Rm - ]d p: "A m-lp-hn-s -d Zq-Xtc! Rm-s\ßs\ Icbm- Xn-cn- pw?- Xm- fp-ss ico-cøn - Cu-Ø \tbm-eifp-ss ]m-sv- Rm - Im-Wp- p.- Cu- ap-dn-bn - Fs m-ap-s pw- Rm-\dn-bp- p.- A mlp-hn-s -d Zq-Xtc! kar- am-b hn-`h߃- p-th n- A m-lp-hn-t\msv- {]m -Yn- m-epw.- Ahn-izm-kn-Ifpw- A m-lp-hn - ] p-tn - p- hcp-amb t] -jy- m-cp-ssbpw- tdm-am- m-cp-ssbpw- cm-pm- m - ko-kdpwssikdp-sa mw- Acp-hn-Iƒ- Hgp-Ip- txm- ßfn - hkn- p-tºmƒ- A m-lp-hn-s -d sxcs Sp- s {]hm-ni - Po-hn- p Xv- Zm-cp- Wam-b ] n-wn-bn -!'- Fs -d Cu- kw-km-cw- ti t mƒ- Xebn-Wbn hn-{ian- p-ibm-bn-cp- {]hm-ni - Fgp-t n-cp- p.- F n- p- ]d p: "Da -! Xm- ƒ- Cu- hn-jbøn - C\n-bpw- kw-ibm-ep-hm-twm?- `u-xn- I Po-hn-XØn-se kp-jku-icy-ßtf mƒ- \ Xv- acwm-\ c Po-hn- XØn-se kp-jku-icy-ßfm-wv.- Ahn-izm-kn-Iƒ- Ahcp-sS \ bpss hn-ln-xw- Cu- Po-hn-XØn - BkzZn- p- p.- \Ωp-tSXm-Is,- acwm- \ c Po-hn-XØn-te p-th n- _m- n-sh n-cn- p-ibm-wv'.- Rm - At±ltØm-Sv- At] n- p: "sszhzq-xsc! F\n- p-th n- am- n- \t] n- m-epw.- F\n- p- sx nt m-bn''.- Jp -B - `u-xn-i em-`߃- p-th n- ]S p- m- n-b ap-lωzn- (k)s -d IrXn-bm-sW hm-zam-wn-hn-ss XIcp- Xv.- BsI kzømbn- _m- n-bp- m-bn-cp- Ggp- Zo-\m - acwøn-\p-ap-ºv- Zm-\w- snøp- Ibpw- blq-z\v- Xs -d ]S ]Wbw- sh p-sim- v- acws Sp- Ibpw- snbv-x a\p-jy - [\tam-lnbm-bn-cp- p-sh v- ]-d-bp- -Xv A-Snkv-Ym-\-c-ln-X-am-Wv.- Jp -B-\n-s -d- c-n-\- p-]n- n - [-\-tam-l-am-bncp- p-sh- - hm-zw- ASn-kv-Ym-\ cln-xam-sw v- Zn- \yp- Im-tØm-en-Iv- F -sskt m-]o-un-bt]m-epw- kωxn- n- p- v. ""ap-lωzn-(k)-s -d axhnπhøn-\p- ]n- n - [\tam-lam-bn-cp- p-sh Hcp- [m-cw kr-jv-sn- s n- p- v.- hyiv-xam-bn- Adn-bs Sp- hkv-xp-xiƒ- Cu- [mcws Xn-cm-Wv'' (The New Catholic Encyclopedia Vol IX, Page 1001). A[n-Im-cam-bn-cp- p- ap-lωzv(k)- e y-am- nbn-cp- sx v- Icp-Xp- Xn-se m-wv sx v?

20 -A[n-Im-ctam-lsa m - F m-wv?- cmpyøn-s -d A[n-Im-cwssI em- n- kp-jkar- am-b Po-hn-Xw- \bn- m-\p- B{Klw-.- ]Xnaq- v- h -jsø Ijv-S msp-iƒ- pw- ]o-u\߃- pw- tijw- ]em-b\wsnbv-xp- azo-\bn-seøn-b {]hm-ni\v- A[n-Imcw- e`n- p-sh Xv- t\cm- Wv.- F m,- At±lØn-\v- A[n-Im-cw- kp-jtem-ep-]xbv- p- am- - Kam-bn-cp- n-.- `cwm-[n-im-cn-bm-bn-cn- p-tºmgpw Cu-Ø \ m-bbn - A n-bp-dßp-ibpw- hkv-{x߃- kz-bw- Ae p-ibpw- ]m-zc Iƒ- Xp- p-ibpw- BSn-s\ Id p-ibpw- snøp- a\p-jy-s\ A[n-Im-ctamln-sb p- hn-fn- m - B - m-wv- km-[n- p-i?- A[n-Im-cØn-s -d t]cn - P\ßfm - BZcn- s Sp-Ibpw- Ahcn -\n- v- Db - p-\n - p-ibpw- snøm - B{Kln- p- hcm-wv- A[n-Imcw- tam-ln- p-i.- {]hm-ni(k)-\m-hs P\ßsf tkhn- v- P\ßtfm-sSm- w- Po-hn- bm-fm-bn-cp- p.- Hcn- - Hcp- kz nte v- {]hm- NI - IS p-h t mƒ- F m-hcpw- Fgp-t p- \n- p.- {]hm-ni - (k)- CXv- hne n.- At±lw- ]d p-: ""t] -jy- m-cn - Nn-e - Nn-esc _lpam-\n- p-hm - th n- snøp- Xp-t]m-se \n-߃- F-s - _lp-am-\n- p -sim- v- Fgpt v- \n - cp-xv''-.- A-t±-lw- D-]-tZ-in- p-:- ""{In-kv-Xym-\n-Iƒ- a -b-an-s -d- ]p-{x-\m-b- tbiphn-s\- ]p-i-gv-øn-b-xp-t]m-se- F-s - \n-߃- ]p-i-gv-ø-cp-xv''- C-sX- mw- X-s - ap-l-ω-zv- (k)- H-cp- A-[n-Im-c- tam-ln-bm-bn-cp- n-s - v- hy-iv-x-am- p- p.- am-{xhp-a,- Xs -d {]t_m-[\ {]h -Ø\߃- \n -Øn-sh p-ibmsw n,- a bn-se {]bm-k]q -Wam-b BZy-\m-fp-Ifn -Xs A[n- Im-cw- \ -Im-sa v- At±lw- hm-kv-zm-\w- snøs n-cp p.- kaq-lønse t\xm- m-sc mw-iq-sn- Hcp- Zn-hkw- ap-lωzn-(k)-s -d ASp-ØpsN v- At±lsØ hio-icn m-\m-bn- {ian- p.- Ah - ]d p-: ""\okºøm-wv- sim-xn- p- sx n - \n-\ v- - Bhiy-ap- {X [\w- R߃- Xcmw.- A[n-Im-cam-Wv- B{Kln- p- sx n - Cu- {]tzisø cm-pm-hm-bn- \n-s R߃- hm-gn- mw.- ku-µcy-am-wv- tam-ln- p- sx n - \n-\ n-jv-ss kp-µcn-sb hn-hm-lw- snøm\p - Ahkcap- m- n-øcmw''.- Bcpw- ho-wp-t]m-ip- hm- p-iƒ-! Bin- p-t]m-ip- {]tem-`\߃-! Hscm- hm- p- ]d m - axn,- Xm Cu- {]tzisø G hpw- hen-b [\hm-\m-ipw.- \m- m - ap-gp-h - Xs -d cm- P[m-\n-bn-seØn- X\n- v- ]m-ztkh snøpw.- ku-µcy-[m-a߃- X\n- p-ap- n - \r-øam-spw.- ]t,- {]hm-ni - ]d Xn-ßs\bm-Wv: ""A[n-Im-ctam- Ih - ap-xtem- F\n- m-hiy-an-.- a\p-jy - p- ap- dn-bn- p-im-c\m-bn- m-wv- ]S Xºp-cm - Fs \n-tbm-kn- n-cn- p- Xv.- Ahs -d ktµiam-wv- Rm - \n-߃- v- FØn- p-xcp- Xv.- AXv- kzo- Icn- p- -h - v- Cltem-IØv- kp-jhpw- kam-[m-\hpw- ]ctem-iøvim-iz-x hn-pbhpw- Ickv-Yam- mw.- sszhn-i ktµiw- kzo-icn- m- Øh - n-sbn - Xo - p-i -]n- p- Xv- Ah -Xs bm-wv''.- a bn-se {]t_m-[\ {]h -Ø\ßfp-sS BZy-\m-fp-Ifn-em-bn-cp- p- Cu- kw-`hw.- Jp -B - cnn- p-sim- v- Xm - sszhzq-x\m-sw vhcp-øn-øo -Øv- A[n-Im-cw- ssi em- p-ibm-bn-cp- p- {]hm-ni(k)- s d e y-sa n - {]bm-k߃- Gsdsbm- pw- kln- m-sx A[n- Im-cw- Xs -d Im - o-gn - h kabøv- At±lw- AXv- kzo-icn- phm - ssha\kyw- Im-Wn- sx n-\m-wv?- ap-lωzv-(k)- A[n-Im-cw- Imw- n- n-cp- n-s v- CXn \n- v- kp-xcmw- hy-iv-xam-wv.- Jp -B - cnn- Xn\p- ]n- n - A[n-Im-ctam-lam-bn-cp n-s v- km-cw.- Akw-LSn-Xcm-bn-cp- Ad_n-Isf kw-lsn- n- p-ibpw- D Xn-bn-te v- \bn- p-ibpw- snøp-isb e y-tøm-ss ap-lωzv-(k)- \n -an-s Sp-Ø {K\v-Yam-Wv- Jp -Bs\ v- Icp-Xn- q-ss? Ad_n-Isf sfiy-s Sp-Øp-Ibpw- ]p-tcm-kxn-bn-te v- \bn- p- Ibpam-bn-cp- p- Jp -B - cnn- Xn-\p- ]n- n-ep- e y-sa n - AXnse {]Xn-]m-Z\ßfn -\n- v- C m-cyw- hy-iv-xam-hp-am-bn-cp- p.- F m,- Jp -B - Hcm-h -Øn- hm-bn- Hcmƒ- v- AXn - Ad_n- tzio-bxbpss Dbn -søgp-t - v- Hcp- hn-jbam-bn- hcp-t bn-s hkv-xp-x hy-iv-xam-hp- Xm-Wv-.- Ad_n-Ifp-sS \thm-xv-ym-\am-bn-cp- p- Jp -B cn\ p-]n- n-ep- Dt±iy-sa hm-zw- Xm-sg ]dbp- hkv-xp-xiƒ- p-ap- n - ASn-kv-Ym-\ cln-xam-bn-øo-cp- p.- H v: Ad_n-Ifp-sS \thm-xv-ym-\søtbm- sfiy-søtbm- t{]m km-ln- n- p- co-xn-bn-ep- Hcp- hn\w-t]m-epw -Jp -B\n-en-.- c v-: tzio-bam-b AXn -hcºp-ifn- m-ø BZ -ikaq-lsa k -]am-wv- Jp -B - ap-t m- p-sh p- Xv.- "DΩØv'- F km-t Xn- I kw-pv-rbm - hn-tijn- n- s n-cn- p- BZ -ikaq-løn - kxyhn-izm-kw- kzo-icn- Ghcpw- tzio-bxbp-sstbm- {]m-tzin-ixz-øns dtbm- h -KØn-s -dtbm- Pm-Xo-bXbp-sStbm- AXn -hcºp-ifn- msx Aw-Kßfm-Wv.- Ad_n-tZio-bXsb k -]w-xs Jp -B\n\v Jp -B\n-s -d cn\