Automated Yard Systems Compared

Transcription

1 Automated Yard Systems Compared 11 October 2017 PEMA Conference Tampere, Helsinki Joost Achterkamp Managing Director Solid Port Solutions 1

2 Business Trends - Picture APMT MV2 2

3 Business Trends - Picture APMT MV2 3

4 Business Trends - Picture APMT MV2 50? 4

5 Main Characteristics DeepseaTerminal Capable to handle 3 mega-vessels each with 250 cmph Yearly throughput 1,200,000 TEU per berth No transshipment Landside: 25% Rail Landside: 75% Truck Quay length 1350 m No limitation in terminal depth QC; twin, tandem, dual hoist, back reach, dual cycling; 50 cmph RC; single lift, revolving trolley, 25 cmph TEU factor 1.8 Average dwell time 5 days 5 high stacking all systems - 5

6 Detailed Characteristics Terminal Avg QC productivity 50 cmph Avg RC productivity 25 cmph Quay length 1350 m # berths 3 # QC 15 Waterside peak 750 cmph # RC 4 Rail peak 100 cmph TEU-factor 1.8 Throughput per berth 1,200,000 TEU 666,667 containers Total throughput 3,600,000 TEU 2,000,000 containers Transshipment 0% 0 TEU 0 containers Railvolume 25% 900,000 TEU 500,000 containers Truckvolume 75% 2,700,000 TEU 1,500,000 containers Gate opening hours p/d 14 hr per day 260 days p/y Peakfactor Gate 1.40 for both day and hour Peak hour trucks 577 cmph Mean Dwelltime 5 days Stacking height yard 5 Maximum density 80% Peakfactor yard 1.30 Bigger vessels will result in a higher peak factor TEU visits per slot yard Total TEU slots 80,137 TEU Required storage capacity Width of rail terminal 85 m including exchange area Total area gate/buildings 12 ha in addition to the 1350 m quay =INPUT =CALCULATED 6

7 5 Automated Yard Systems compared System A ASC perpendicular with AGV-LIFT (most commonly used) and AutoTug to Rail (mixed traffic) System B1 DC-RMG with ALV (1 over 1) for all horizontal transport including transport to truck exchange area. System B2 DC-RMG with AutoTug for Waterside and Rail, Truck handled directly (mixed traffic) System C OHBC system with independent upper/lower crane and ALV for Waterside and Rail operation. Truck handled directly System D RTG with AutoTug for Waterside and Rail (mixed traffic) 7

8 Example YARD SYSTEM A 8

9 Main Characteristics YARD SYSTEM A ASC blocks perpendicular to the quay End loaded, 2 ASC s per block 7-wide, 5 high, 52 TEU long, block width 29 m Total number of ASC blocks: 44 (=1276 m) HTS quay: AGV-L full electric HTS rail: AutoTug *) with decoupled chassis at transfer points Avg ASC in/out handlings waterside: 18 cmph Avg ASC in/out handlings landside: 12 cmph Avg ASC productivity: 20 cmph Percentage housekeeping moves: 100% Average AGV-L productivity 7.5 cmph (incl. twin-carry) Average AutoTug productivity 6.0 cmph 9

10 Performance YARD SYSTEM A Yard Design A ASC/AGVL Stack End loaded ASC blocks, 2 ASC's per block 18.0 cmph Block width dimension 29.0 m HTS Quay AGV-Lift, back reach operation QC 7.5 cmph HTS Rail AutoTug / Chassis 6.0 cmph HTS Truck direct by LS ASC 12.0 cmph Mean ASC productivity (including housekeeping) 20.0 cmph Percentage housekeeping moves 1.0 Maximum # blocks 44.0 # of ASC's 88.0 Stack capacity 80,080.0 TEU Landside handling capacity cmph Waterside handling capacity cmph Total ASC moves per year 8,000,000.0 p/y Total handlings per ASC 90,909.1 p/y # of AGV-LIFT # of AutoTug 16.7 length of rail m total length of rail 36.4 km Total yard area 56.7 ha Throughput yard 63,543.2 TEU/ha/yr Width quay area m Total terminal depth m Total terminal area 95.6 ha Throughput per ha 37,670.7 TEU/ha/yr 10

11 Example YARD SYSTEM B1 11

12 Main Characteristics YARD SYSTEM B1 Double Cantilever ARMG blocks parallel to the quay Side loaded 12-wide, 5 high, 56 TEU long, block width 65 m Total number of ARMG blocks: 24 HTS quay: ALV full electric, 1 over 1 HTS rail: ALV full electric, 1 over 1 HTS truck: ALV full electric, 1 over 1 (to truck exchange area) Average in/out handlings waterside: 24 cmph Average in/out handlings landside: 24 cmph Average ARMG productivity: 24 cmph Percentage housekeeping moves: 30% Average ALV productivity quay 8.0 cmph (incl. twin-carry) Average ALV productivity rail 4.0 cmph Average ALV productivity truck 6.0 cmph 12

13 Performance YARD SYSTEM B1 Yard Design B1 DC-ARMG/ALV Stack Dual Cantilever ARMG. Parallel blocks 24.0 cmph HTS Quay ALV, 1 over cmph HTS Rail ALV, 1 over cmph HTS Truck ALV, 1 over cmph Percentage housekeeping moves 0.3 # blocks 24.0 # of ARMG's per row Stack capacity 80,640.0 TEU Landside handling capacity cmph Waterside handling capacity cmph Total ARMG moves per year 5,200,000.0 p/y Total handlings per ARMG 81,250.0 p/y # of ALV Waterside 93.8 # of ALV Rail 25.0 # of ALV Truck 96.2 total # of ALV length of rail 1,300.0 m total length of rail 20.8 km Total yard area 67.6 ha Throughput yard 53,254.4 TEU/ha/yr Width quay area m ALV/Truck exchange zone m Total terminal depth m Total terminal area ha Throughput per ha 29,179.3 TEU/ha/yr 13

14 Example YARD SYSTEM B2 14

15 Main Characteristics YARD SYSTEM B2 Double Cantilever ARMG blocks parallel to the quay Side loaded 12-wide, 5 high, 56 TEU long, block width 60 m Total number of ARMG blocks: 24 HTS quay: AutoTug Fulll electric, 1 over 1, mixed traffic HTS rail: AutoTug Fulll electric, 1 over 1, mixed traffic Average in/out handlings waterside: 24 cmph Average in/out handlings landside: 20 cmph (direct on truck) Average ARMG productivity: 24 cmph Percentage housekeeping moves: 30% Average AutoTug productivity quay 5.0 cmph (incl. twin-carry) Average AutoTug productivity rail 5.0 cmph 15

16 Performance YARD SYSTEM B2 Yard Design B2 DC-ARMG/AutoTug Stack Dual Cantilever ARMG. Parallel blocks 24 cmph HTS Quay AutoTug / Chassis 5 cmph HTS Rail AutoTug / Chassis 5 cmph HTS Truck direct by ARMG 20 cmph Percentage housekeeping moves 30% # blocks 24 # of ARMG's 64 8 per row Stack capacity 80,640 TEU Landside handling capacity 640 cmph Waterside handling capacity 768 cmph Total ARMG moves per year 5,200,000 Total handlings per ARMG 81,250 # of AutoTug Waterside 150 # of AutoTug Rail 25 Total # of AutoTug 175 length of rail 1,300 m total length of rail 20.8 km Total yard area 62 ha Throughput yard 57,692 TEU/ha/yr Width quay area 100 m Total terminal depth 665 m Total terminal area 102 ha Throughput per ha 35,372 TEU/ha/yr 16

17 Example YARD SYSTEM C Import Rail Import Truck Export 17

18 Main Characteristics YARD SYSTEM C OHBC blocks perpendicular to the quay End loaded for quay and rail 2 lanes in the yard for handling trucks 2 OHBC s per block, 1 upper and 1 lower, independent crossing 4-TEU wide, 5 high, 112 container long, block width 30 m Total number of OHBC blocks: 36 (=1080 m) HTS quay: ALV full electric, 1 over 1 HTS rail: ALV full electric, 1 over 1 Average in/out handlings waterside: 24 cmph Average in/out handlings landside: 20 cmph Average OHBC productivity: 24 cmph Percentage housekeeping moves: 40% Average ALV productivity quay 12 cmph (incl. twin-carry) Average ALV productivity rail 12 cmph 18

19 Performance YARD SYSTEM C Yard Design C Dual OHBC/ALV Stack Dual OHBC 24.0 cmph HTS Quay ALV, 1 over cmph HTS Rail ALV, 1 over cmph HTS Truck direct by OHBC 20.0 cmph Percentage housekeeping moves 0.4 # blocks 36.0 # of OHBC's 72.0 Stack capacity TEU Landside handling capacity cmph Waterside handling capacity cmph Total OHBC moves per year p/y Total handlings per OHBC p/y # of ALV, 1 over 1 Waterside 62.5 # of ALV, 1 over 2 Rail 8.3 Total # of ALV, 1 over length of rail m total length of rail 28.2 km Total yard area 44.7 ha Throughput yard TEU/ha/yr Width quay area m Total terminal depth m Total terminal area 89.9 ha Throughput per ha TEU/ha/yr 19

20 Example YARD SYSTEM D 20

21 Main Characteristics YARD SYSTEM D ARTG blocks parallel to the quay Loaded under RTG 9-wide, 5 high, 56 TEU long, block width 42 m Total number of ARMG blocks: 33 HTS quay: AutoTug Fulll electric, 1 over 1, mixed traffic HTS rail: AutoTug Fulll electric, 1 over 1, mixed traffic Average in/out handlings waterside: 20 cmph Average in/out handlings landside: 18 cmph Average ARMG productivity: 20 cmph Percentage housekeeping moves: 30% Average AutoTug productivity quay 5.0 cmph (incl. twin-carry) Average AutoTug productivity rail 5.0 cmph 21

22 Performance YARD SYSTEM D Yard Design D ARTG/AutoTug Stack ARTG 20 cmph HTS Quay AutoTug / Chassis 5 cmph HTS Rail AutoTug / Chassis 5 cmph HTS Truck direct by ARTG 18 cmph Percentage housekeeping moves 30% # blocks 33 # of ARTG's 77 Stack capacity 83,160 TEU Landside handling capacity 693 cmph Waterside handling capacity 770 cmph Total ARMG moves per year 5,200,000 p/y Total handlings per OHBC 67,532 p/y # of AutoTug Waterside 150 # of AutoTug Rail 20 Total # of AutoTug 170 length of concrete slab 1,300 m total length of rail 29 km Total yard area 65 ha Throughput yard 55,164 TEU/ha/yr Width quay area 100 m Total terminal depth 687 m Total terminal area 105 ha Throughput per ha 34,369 TEU/ha/yr 22

23 Performance Comparison 90,000 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 Storage Capacity in TEU slots A B1 B2 C D 23

24 Performance Comparison TEU per ha TEU per ha Terminal TEU per ha Yard only 45,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 A B1 B2 C D 90,000 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 A B1 B2 C D 24

25 Performance Comparison Peak handlings per hour Yard handlings per hr Waterside Yard handlings per hr Landside A B1 B2 C D A B1 B2 C D 25

26 Differential CAPEX Comparison Prices Numbers USD A B1 B2 C D ASC 7-wide $3,500, AGVL Elec $700, DC-ARMG 12-wide $7,000, AutoTug Elec $350, ALV, 1 over 1 Elec $1,500, OHBC, 30 m $2,000, ARTG 9-wide Elec $3,000, KM Rail ASC $1,000, KM Rail ARMG $2,500, KM Rail OHBC $5,000, KM concrete slab ARTG $1,000, Civil Infra per ha $2,000,

27 Differential CAPEX Comparison CAPEX in M USD A B1 B2 C D ASC 7-wide AGVL Elec DC-ARMG 12-wide AutoTug Elec ALV, 1 over 1 Elec OHBC, 30 m ARTG 9-wide Elec KM Rail ASC KM Rail ARMG KM Rail OHBC KM concrete slab ART Civil Infra per ha Total 611 1, ,200 1, Total Capex in M USD 1, A B1 B2 C D 27

28 Differential OPEX Comparison OPEX per move & per hour per container cmph per hr ASC $ $24.0 AGVL $ $20.0 DC-ARMG $ $30.0 AutoTug $ $18.0 ALV with DC-ARMG $ $24.0 ALV with OHBC $ $24.0 OHBC $ $20.0 ARTG $ $20.0 Price per handling: energy + tyres + M&R Number of container handlings A B1 B2 C D 8,000,000 2,000,000 5,200,000 5,200, ,000 2,500,000 2,500,000 4,500,000 2,500,000 5,600,000 5,200,000 28

29 Differential OPEX Comparison OPEX per year in USD x 1000 A B1 B2 C D ASC 9, AGVL 5, DC-ARMG 0 6,500 6, AutoTug 1, , ,000 ALV with DC-ARMG 0 18, ALV with OHBC ,000 0 OHBC ,667 0 ARTG ,200 16,733 24,500 15,500 9,667 14,200 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 Total OPEX Yard Cranes + HTS in USD x ,500 16,733 15,500 14,200 9,667 A B1 B2 C D 29

30 Findings and Remarks The ASC system cannot deliver the required landside performance Lowest Capex: Lowest Opex: RTG/AutoTug OHBC/ALV OHBC/ALV gives highest TEU/ha (best land utilization) The systems are not simulated but it can be expected that the more vehicles are used the more congestion will occur. This will have a negative performance effect on the systems B1, B2 and D. Simulation is required to get a more detailed result 30

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