Ramesh Trikkadi, ABB Power Generation WETEX, March-2012 Solar Energy Possibility and applications in ME

Transcription

1 Ramesh Trikkadi, ABB Power Generation WETEX, March-2012 Solar Energy Possibility and applications in ME

2 Solar Resource is abundant Within 6 hours deserts receive more energy from the sun than humankind consumes in a year. «Dr. Gerhard Knies, Desertec» CSP plants built on this red square in the Sahara Desert could produce TWh/a, the world energy demand in ABB Group Month DD, Year Slide 2

3 Solar Energy Facts Challenges Existing Generation cost for Solar Power is higher compared to fossil fuel generation Government Incentives: solar power is subsidized heavily by government in several countries including Spain and Germany. It is this incentives and tax breaks provided that makes it cost efficient to adopt solar power. Improving overall efficiency of Solar Power Generation Transmission Losses Dust and other environmental conditions: Electrically sensitive coating for Solar Panels

4 Solar Energy Facts Step forward Mediterranean Ring /HVDC Link Under Mediterranean Union s Solar Med programme it is proposed to install 20 Gigawatts (GW) of renewables by 2020 in in Middle East and the North Africa. And to link it up the Mediterranean Union has proposed a grid system linking up countries around the Mediterranean, including power from CSP in Middle East/the North Africa being transmitted to the EU via HVDC links under the sea. The biggest advantage of HVDC transmission system is due to lower transmission losses which are put a 1-2 % per 1000km, so long distance export seems credible

5 Introduction Drivers and challenges. Electricity demand rising fast Europe and North America 11% 31% China 105% 195% South America 56% 81% M. East and Africa 73% 131% India 126% 282% Growth in primary Growth in electricity IEA forecast energy demand demand ABB Group September 10, 2011 Slide 3

6 Why Solar Energy Application? Contribution to a Sustainable Economy Low Cost for Future Generation Power Generati on Cool Homes, Buildings Affordable Today Affordable Solar Applicati Solar Energy on Enhance d Oil Recovery No Fuel Costs Emission Free No Residues Carbon Free Affordable and Reliable Solar Energy is the Basis for the Energy Revolution. ABB Group Month DD, Year Slide 6

7 Solar Energy- Technology Three main commercial ways of conversion of sunlight into electricity. Concentrating Solar Thermal Plant (CSP) Photovoltaic Plants (PV) Concentrated Photovoltaic (CPV) CSP and PV both have their markets. PV is very successful in decentralized applications, whereas CSP offers advantages for central and large-scale applications. CSP power plants are the most cost-efficient way to generate and to store dispatchable CO2- free electricity. Concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) technology is one of the newest players on the solar energy scene. These systems are unique because sunlight is concentrated through a lens onto high performance solar cells, thus increasing the electricity generated. Panels are mounted on tracking systems to maximize the benefit of each ray of sunlight.

8 The Sunbelt of the World ABB is well positioned for all relevant Solar Markets Power Generation Business Unit of ABB ABB Group Month DD, Year Slide 8

9 Solar Project ABB s References as of Dec-2011 PV PLANTS More than 40 PV plants ( Full EPC / BOS ) 120 Mwp Grid Connected 5 Countries ( Spain, Italy, USA, France, South Africa). 10 New countries starting activities. South Africa 0.6 MW X 2 CSP PLANTS More than 15 CSP Plants ( DCS / BOS ) 450 Mw grid connected. 400 Mw under erection. 4 Countries ( Spain, Egypt, USA, Algeria) The total grid connected capacity as of October 2011 is 1.2 GW including CSP & PV

10 PV technologies Right technology (panels) selection Concentrator PV CPV Photovoltaics Conventional Si Thin Film Others ( Nanosolar, Multi-spectrum. ) Lowest LCOE potential Highest energy density Matches peak load demand Best in hot climates Readily scalable to GW Tracking Mandatory Requires Direct Sunlight Mature technology Indirect sunlight acceptable Tracking optional Efficiency approaching limits of technology Performance degrades at high temperatures Indirect sunlight acceptable Less temperature degradation than silicon PV Suited to rooftops/ construction Lowest Efficiency Large Area Requirement Low Cost effective Technical Immaturity Low efficiency & instability No bankability criteria ABB Group March 15, 2012 Slide 10

11 CSP technologies Types & Comparisons Parameters Parabolic Trough Solar Tower ABB NOVATEC SOLAR (LF) Operating Temperature 390 C < 600 C < 520 C Power block efficiency 38% 41% 40% Heat losses 10% 5% to 10% 5% Material per annual MWh thermal yield 128 kg 100 kg 29 kg Land use efficiency 270 kwh th per m² 340 kwh th per m² 370 kwh th per m² Applicable storage technolgy ABB Group March 15, 2012 Slide 11 Molten salt Molten salt Molten salt

12 Solar Project Phases Of Realization Feasibility - Temperature Zones for PV CPV Crystalline Thin Film

13 Solar Project Phases Of Realization Feasibility Worldwide Potential for CSP

14 Solar Project Phases Of Realization Effect of Site Selection UAE has a market area of km² and an annual technical potential of TWh. The market has economic potential for CSP / PV applications. Source: DLR MED-CSP The territory with best solar resources is also located in the west, but with annual DNI slightly less than 2300 kwh/(m²*a) which is suitable for CSP & PV

15 ABB offers Turn Key Solar Power Plants Reliable Execution and Guaranteed Performance CSP Power Plants Cost effective Direct Steam Generation High Efficient Power Generation with 500 C Steam Highest yield per m 2 Land Most effective CSP Technology offered in Coopeartion with Novatec Solar CPV Power Plants Outstanding Solar Electrical Efficiency with Triple Junction Cell and Dual Axis Tracking. Prefabricated and tested Plug and Play System Most effective CPV Technology offered in Cooperation with Greenvolts PV Power Plants Optimized integrated Solution Maximal Yield at each Moment of Day Integration into Grid Independent from Module Supplier ABB Group Month DD, Year Slide 15

16 Photovoltaic Power Integrated Solution

17 Solar Project Phases Of Realization Panels Trackers DC Cabling Protectors Inverters Transformat ion Center Grid Connection

18 Solar Project Phases Of Realization PV Plant - Panels selection criteria Characteristiques Policrystalline Monocrystalline Thin Film Efficiency 13% - 18% 14% - 20% 6% - 9% Polycrystalline Monocryistalline LID 2,5% - 3% 2,5% - 3% 6% - 8% Yearly degradation 0,5% - 0,8% 0,5% - 0,8% 0,3% - 0,5% Additional peak power 1% - 3% 1% - 3% 6% - 9% Tolerance -3% to +3% -3% to +3% -3% to + 10% Full guarantee 4-10 years 4-10 years 5 years 10 Years guarantee 90% -92 % efficiency 90% -92 % efficiency 90% -92 % efficiency 25 Years guarantee 80% - 85% efficiency 80% - 85% efficiency 80% - 85% efficiency Price 1,1-2 /wp 1,1-2 /wp 0,85-1,2 /wp Thin film Panels Temperature coeficient 0,38-0,49 Pmax%/º C 0,38-0,49 Pmax%/º C 0,22-0,32 Pmax%/º C Vertical production Quality Certifications Less price fluctuation ( Silicon, wafer, ingots, cells, panels ) IEC61215, IEC61730, UL1703, CE, TUV, ISSO 9001, ISSO

19 Solar Project Phases Of Realization Real time PR calculation Inverter characteristics Modules Characteristics ( Flash data ) Tracking - Perfect position - Optimal distribution DC cable Design charactericits Swicthing scheme Inverters output Transformers characteristics Trafo Counter V A Tracker DC field V A Inverters V A Transformer V A DC Cables Panels ( String ) : Tracker : DC Cabling : Inverter : Transformation Center: Temperature Tracking efficiency. Dc cable losses. Control for : CT control for : Sun Irradiation. Tracking accuracy. Control for : - Temperature. - Temperature Current string monitoring Panel location. Algorithm for : - Panel degradation - Panel failure -Dirt -PRpanels Tracking gain. Control for : - Sun position. - Tracker position - Motor movements. - 2 Axis tilt sensors. - Shadows calculation. - Backtracking. - Voltage DC input - Current DC input. - Protection status -PRDC cable - Voltage DC / AC - Current DC / AC. - AC Power - Restarting. - MPPT analysis. - Switching system. - Neuronal algorithm. - Inverter efficiency. - AC Voltage - AC Current. - AC Power - Energy counter Kwh - Connect / disconnect - Restarting. - Protection status. - Transformer efficiency. - Emergency position. -PRinverter -PRtransformer - Maintenance -PRtracker

20 PV Reference: Spain & Italy Major Project Reference 2010 Commissioning Customer: La Robla GA PV Solar Plant (Spain) Location: Spain Size: 20.2 MWp, 1-axis tracking Type of Project: ERCAM 1 axis Customer: GA Solar Tracker Turnkey ABB 13,3 Scope: MW EPC PV solar plant. Year Year of Commissioning: of commissioning: 2010 EPC: 2010 Customer: Phenix Renewable Location : Italy Size: 24.2 MWp, 1 axis tracker ABB Scope: EPC Year of commissioning: EPC:2010 Size: 6 MWp, fix installation Location: Italy Customer: Actelios Solar ABB Scope: EPC Year of commissioning: EPC:2010 Status: Connected to the grid ABB Group Month March DD, 15, 2012 Year Slide Slide 20 20

21 Concentrated Solar Power In Cooperation with Novatec Solar

22 Concentrated Solar Power Technical Concept The solar radiation is harvested and concentrated by a Fresnel reflector. Eight rows of mirrors are continuously tracked to focus the radiation to the receiver. Water is pumped through the receiver tube, generating steam at 100 bar with temperatures of up to 500 C. The Steam runs a Turbine to generate Electricity or is used for other processes. ABB cooperates exclusively with NOVATEC Solar who has developed the most efficient CSP technology. ABB Group Month DD, Year Slide 22

23 Concentrated Solar Power Application CSP Power Plants New Solar Thermal Power Plants From 50 to 250 MWel Efficient with 500 C / 100 bar Integrated Solar Combined Cycle Solar only at day, CC at night Fossil Fuel saver CSP Process Steam Desalination of Seawater Solar Cooling District Cooling Networks LNG production Enhanced Oil Recovery Process Steam for Industry ABB Group Month DD, Year Slide 23

24 CSP: Typical Set Up ABB integrates Solar Boiler from Novatec Solar Solar Boiler by Novatec Solar Turn Key Power Plant by ABB ABB offers Turn Key solutions for all kind of CSP applications with Novatec Solar as the nominated subcontractor for the Solar Field. ABB is a relevant strategic minority shareholder of Novatec Solar.

25 Maintenance of Mirror Field Low OPEX with Novatec technology Parabolic trough High water consumption High personel costs Almonst flat mirrors are cleand by a robot Very low consumption of water Low personel costs

26 CSP: Most effective Technology This Makes our CSP Technology Affordable Automated Manufacturing System Efficient process with integrated quality control Local production minimize transport and logistic costs Simple, Flat and Light Construction High land use efficiency (30% higher than PT) Low power consumption (70% lower than PT) Direct Steam Production up to 500 C Highly efficient power block (5% higher output than PT) Low heat losses (50% less than PT) Easy to Clean and Maintain Almost flat mirrors cleaned by robot Low water consumption (85% less than PT) ABB Group Month DD, Year Slide 26

27 CSP Reference: Puerto Errado 1, Spain 12 MWth, 1.4 Mwel in operation since spring 2010 Key Data EPC Contractor Owner Layout Solar field length Novatec Solar Novatec Solar 3 rows of linear Fresnel collectors, conventional steam turbine equipment and generator, storage m Net aperture area 21,571.2 m² Operating temperature Up to 500 C Operating pressure Peak thermal output Peak electrical output Electrical production Up to 65 bar 12 MW th 1.4 MW el 2.2 GWh p.a.

28 CSP Reference: Puerto Errado 2, Spain 150 MWth, 30 MWel in operation since Jan 2012 Key data EPC Contractor Owners Layout Solar field length Novatec Solar Tubo Sol PE2 S.L. owned by 5 Swiss utilities (85%) and Novatec Solar (15%) 28 rows of linear Fresnel collectors, conventional steam turbine equipment and generator, storage m Net aperture area 302,000 m² Operating temperature Up to 270 C Operating pressure Peak thermal output Peak electrical output Electrical production Up to 55 bar 150 MW th 30 MW el 49 GWh/year

29 CSP Reference: Liddell, Australia 9.3 MW thermal, under hot commissioning in Jan 2012 Key data EPC Contractor Owner Model Solar field length Novatec Solar Macquarie Generation 4 rows of linear Fresnel collectors, solar augmentation of a coal fired power station 403,2 m Net aperture area 18, m² Operating temperature Up to 270 C Operating pressure Peak thermal output Thermal Output per year Up to 55 bar 9.3 MW th 13,550 MWh th

30 Conclusion

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