Master Class on PVsyst Solar Project Designing Tool 7 th June 2013

Transcription

1 Master Class on PVsyst Solar Project Designing Tool 7 th June 2013

2 Objectives Fundamental aspects of PV system design Performance assessment of PV systems PVSyst simulation process PV array shading analysis Custom engineering Simulating loss factors Assessment of hourly generation System design for fixed v/s tracking system PR calculations Hands-on PVSyst case studies for grid connected and rooftop systems

3 Understanding Solar PV Technologies

4 Solar PV technologies

5 May-09 Jul-09 Sep-09 Nov-09 Jan-10 Mar-10 May-10 Jul-10 Sep-10 Nov-10 Jan-11 Mar-11 May-11 Jul-11 Sep-11 Nov-11 Jan-12 Mar-12 price in us dollar $ Solar PV Price Trends Crystalline($ / Wp) Thin film CdS/CdTe($ / Wp) Thin film a-si/µ-si($ / Wp) Months & Year

6 PV Prices have been free fall over past couple of years Efficiency Increases Increased competition Economy of scale Innovative technologies Source: ITRPV, SEMI

7 PV Material Trends-Silicon wafer price Silicon price $/kg Silicon price $/kg Source: ITRPV, SEMI, PG Group The PV module cost is function of material price and the efficiency of conversion The silicon price trends will lead to the module price in the range of $ 0.5/Wp by 2017 Reduction in wafer thickness has also led to reduced module price. Further there is a trend in glass thickness reduction, larger ingot size, and back contact options

8 year life and <1% degradation/year is the industry standard. PV modules installed after 2000 have been much more reliable in case of thin film.

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10 Annual Cell production by Country

11 Solar Resource Assessment

12 Average GHI and DNI In India Source :NREL

13 Solar radiation data 8 7 The GHI for the region is ranging from 4 kwh/sq.m./day from 3.26 to 7.42 kwh/sq.m./day. As per Meteonorm database, the annual GHI of the site is 2021 kwh/sq.m G H I ( k W h / s q. m / d a y ) MNRE-NREL NASA Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Meteonorm Solar GIS (for last 1 year) Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Four types of data sources are compared for the site (GHI (kwh/sq.m./day). These include MNRE- NREL, NASA-SSE and Meteonorm and Solar GIS (1 May Apr 13) MNRE-NREL model estimates annual average GHI at 10 km resolution based on hourly estimates of radiation over 7 years ( ) NASA-SSE is satellite monthly data for a grid of 1 x1 (111 km) covering the whole world, for a 10 years period ( ). Solar GIS values represent an area of 250 m x 250 m

14 Data Uncertainty

15 Insolation Insolation-Incident Solar Radiation, kwh/m2. Approximately 1 kw/m2 at the earth s surface. 1 kw/m2 of irradiance for 5 hours = 1 kw/m2 x 5 hr = 5 kwh/m2 of insolation 5 kwh/m2 of insolation on a 2 sq-m surface = 5kWh/m2 * 2 m2 = 10 kwh of energy received byt he surface

16 Uncertainty in Energy Yield Prediction

17 System sizing

18 PV string

19 Module specifications

20 Module Characteristics I-V Characteristics with respective Irradiance

21 Module Characteristics Efficiency vs Irradiance at different temperatures

22 Module Characteristics I-V Characteristics with respective Temperature

23 Fixed and Tracking Structures Single axis tracking Dual axis tracking

24 Radiation Gain record of a typical tracker system

25 Inverter selection

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27 Effect of Temperature on Inverter PVsyst

28 Effect of Temperature on Inverter

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30 Effect of shading on PV cell

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32 Shading Analysis

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34 Shading Analysis Lateral shading As the plant has a slope towards west, the adjoining array has level difference of about 6 inches which is causing lateral shading on the adjoining panels. A shading analysis for typical 2 arrays was conducted and observed that about 0.136% of energy is lost due to lateral shading. This accounts for a loss of 12.7 MWh of energy on annual basis and leads to a revenue loss of approx. INR 148,000 First Green Consulting Pvt Ltd,U 28A/3 FF, White Town House DLF Ph III Gurgaon, Haryana , India 34

35 CABLE SIZING -1 % saving in the conductor losses can save about 20 Lakh rupees in case of a typical 5MW plant. -The Ampacity of DC Cable is function of temperature. - Aluminium conductors have higher resistance and low ductile strength. -Low voltage drop in Copper cables, generally used at DC side of the plant. -Bunching of cables reduces Ampacity. ACSR cable Copper cable

36 Correction factor for cables at different temperatures As temperature increases,the Ampacity of the conductor reduces.so correction factors are to be considered before sizing of a cable

37 Voltage in V Voltage drop in string cable with temperature Temperature in Deg C

38 Layout of a PV plant-dc side

39 Layout of a PV plant-ac side

40 Module cell operating temperature (Thermography test) Tests were conducted on about 20 individual panels/tables to detect hot spots The highest at the module surface during the thermography was observed 62.5 deg C While the average surface temp of cell was ranging deg C, the hot spot temperatures were observed in the range of deg C Source: Photovoltaik Institute, Berlin First Green Consulting Pvt Ltd,U 28A/3 FF, White Town House DLF Ph III Gurgaon, Haryana , India 40

41 Review of Plant Performance 1.20 Actual PR Vs Calculated PR Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Actual PR Calculated PR First Green Consulting Pvt Ltd,U 28A/3 FF, White Town House DLF Ph III Gurgaon, Haryana , India 41

42 Shading Analysis 9500 Loss in Energy due to shading G e n e r a t i o n ( M W h ) Generation without shading Generation with shading There is a loss of MWh of energy due to effect of shading on the plant during morning and evening hours resulting in a revenue loss of INR 19 lacs The shading losses are of the order of 1.73%. These losses are expected to be further higher as the array face the shading during the morning hours due to differential leveling of array structures First Green Consulting Pvt Ltd,U 28A/3 FF, White Town House DLF Ph III Gurgaon, Haryana , India 42

43 Loss diagram for 1MW plant

44 Thank You First Green Consulting Private Limited U-28A/3 FF, White Town House DLF Ph III Gurgaon, Haryana , India Tel.: (+91) , Fax: (+91) Web: Blog: firstgreenconsulting.wordpress.com