Transportation Electrification

Transcription

1 Transportation Electrification Bulk Power System Reliability Aspects of Electric Vehicle Charging Ryan Quint, Advanced Analytics and Modeling, NERC 2018 i-pcgrid Conference March 2018

2 Trends and Perspectives 2

3 Electric Vehicle Sales Worldwide is revising electric vehicle forecasts upward#gs.esytce4 3

4 OPEC EV Forecast Change is revising electric vehicle forecasts upward#gs.esytce4 4

5 Electric Vehicle Stock

6 Personal Vehicle Electrification 6

7 Where You Going? To Work 25 miles 7

8 Where You Going? Skiing 165 miles 8

9 Where You Going? To The Beach 220 miles 9

10 Some EV Market Options Range per Charge [mi]

11 Some EV Market Options Tesla Model X Tesla Model S Cost [$k] Hyundai Ioniq Nissan Bolt Jaguar I PACE Chevy Bolt Hyundai Kona Tesla Model Nominal Range [mi] 11

12 Battery Storage Cost Projections is revising electric vehicle forecasts upward#gs.esytce4 12

13 Goods Transportation Electrification 13

14 EV Peak Demand Forecasts SCE Forecast PG&E Forecast SDG&E Forecast content/uploads/2017/04/r Revised Distributed Energy Resource Assumptions Framework...pdf 14

15 2027 EV Peak Demand Forecasts EV Peak Demand Forecast [MW] SCE PG&E SDG&E 15

16 Grid-Friendly Performance Characteristics 16

17 Why Do We Care? Disruptive technology Impacts to distribution systems Impacts to bulk power system Energy industry engagement in standards development Modeling capability and reliability assessments 5000 COI Power, August Power (MW) Time (sec) from 15:47:30 17

18 EV Charger Types 18 car charging guide.html

19 EV Charger Characteristics Level 1 (AC) 1.9 kw max, A (typical 1 kw) 8 12 hrs to fully charge Dedicated circuit, typical wall outlet Standard on all vehicles Level 2 (AC) 19.2 kw max, A (typical 6 kw) 4 6 hrs to fully charge Dedicated circuit, home or public charging equipment required Compatible with all BEV and PHEV Level 3 (DC Fast Charging) kw, A (typical 50 kw) 20 min 1 hr to recharge No industry standard design Not accepted by all vehicles 19 car charging guide.html

20 EV Charger Equivalents Level 1 = *Illustration Purposes Only to ~1 kw Level 2 = or ~6 kw Level 3 = ~50 kw 20

21 Equivalent Loads Charger Nameplate: 200 A DC 410 V DC Number Chargers: 13 Chargers Potential load: > 1 MW 21

22 Equivalent Loads 22 *Illustration Purposes Only

23 Disturbance Performance How do electric vehicle chargers behave during grid disturbances? 23

24 Ride-Through Performance Steady-State and Small Disturbance Performance Continuous operating range Minor faults, gen trips, etc. Remain connected to grid Constant current behavior Large Disturbance Performance 3 phase, close in, or prolonged faults; natural disasters Grid friendly response while connected (support grid stability) Disconnect (or ramp down) for severe voltages Reconnect (or ramp up) in gridsupportive manner Differentiate between no grid and disturbance 24

25 Proposed Voltage Performance Re energization Voltage: V > 90% Re energization Time: T < 0.5 sec delay Re energization Ramp Rate: 10 50%/sec 25

26 Desired Voltage Response - Fault Voltage 110% 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 120% Power Consumption % 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 20%

27 Proposed Frequency Performance Re energization Frequency: F > or higher Re energization Time: T < 0.5 sec delay Re energization Ramp Rate: 10 50%/sec 27

28 Load Response to Frequency During Emergency Events Frequency (Hz) Normal Operation Large Disturbances Unexpected Severe Disturbances Time (sec) 28

29 Conclusions Transportation electrification Increasing penetration of EV charging load Need for testing and understanding performance Need capability to model, study, and plan BPS Need utility engagement with automotive industry Engage with Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) 29

30 Ryan Quint, PhD, PE Senior Manager, Advanced Analytics and Modeling North American Electric Reliability Corporation Office (202) Cell (202)