40 years of PV research at UNSW

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1 40 years of PV research at Martin A. Green, Sydney

2 The 1970s -, 1974

3 , 1974 Ian Jacobs

4 First PhD student, Bruce Godfrey (, 1976)

5 First PhD student, Bruce Godfrey (, 1976) Isc Voc 618mV

6 Mug-shot at NASA (1976) (Mike Willison) On the road trip across USA from SFO to Cleveland via Baton Rouge (12 th IEEE PV Specialists Conf.)

7 First laboratory (1977) (Utah Foundation; Lou Davies ARC Grant)

8 Early MIS heterojunction cell

9 Early MIS heterojunction cell

10 Early MIS heterojunction cell

11 Early MIS heterojunction cell

12 Early MIS heterojunction cell + +

13 Early MIS heterojunction cell

14 Early MIS heterojunction cell

15 First World Record (1983)

16 First World Record (1983)

17 First World Record (1983) 3 2

18 First World Record (1983) HUST, Wuhan,

19 First World Record (1983) HUST, Wuhan,

20 Efficiency, % MINP cell ( 1983) First 20% cell

21 Efficiency, % PESC cell ( 1984) First 20% cell

22 Efficiency, % PESC cell ( 1984) First 20% cell

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Efficiency,

23 Efficiency, % μg-pesc cell ( 1985) First 20% cell

24 Efficiency, % First 20% Si cell First 20% cell

25 Efficiency, % First 20% Si cell First 20% cell

26 First 20% Si cell Tech Transfer Trina, Hanwha CTO Suntech/ Sunergy/ JA Solar/ Sunrise Global ANU Director PV CoE/ Suntech CTO China Sunergy CTO ACAP Director) CSG Solar CEO

27 First PERC solar cell (1983) Wire busbars!

28 First PERC solar cell (1983)

29 First PERC solar cell (1983) Elegantly incorporates 3 earlier ideas: 1. Small area contacts 2. Oxide surface passivation 3. Dielectrically-displaced rear reflector

30 First PERC solar cell (1983) Elegantly incorporates 3 earlier ideas: 1. Small area contacts 2. Oxide surface passivation 3. Dielectrically-displaced rear reflector

31 First paper PERC solar cell (1989)

32 First paper PERC solar cell (1989)

33 Efficiency, % 25% PERL cells ( 1999/2008) 25 PERC 20 First 20% cell PESC

34 Market introduction PERC

35 Market introduction PERC PERC

36 ARC Microelecronics Special Research Centre ARC Microelectronics Special Research Centre

37 ARC Microelecronics Special Research Centre ARC Microelectronics Special Research Centre

38 ARC Microelecronics Special Research Centre ARC Microelectronics Special Research Centre

39 ARC Microelecronics Special Research Centre ARC Microelectronics Special Research Centre

40 ARC Microelecronics Special Research Centre ARC Microelectronics Special Research Centre

41 ARC Microelecronics Special Research Centre ARC Microelectronics Special Research Centre

ARC Microelecronics Special Research Centre 1982

42 ARC Microelecronics Special Research Centre ARC Microelectronics Special Research Centre

43 1990s Commercialisation decade ARC Microelectronics Special Research Centre ARC Photovoltaics Special Research Centre 2000

44 1990s Commercialisation decade ARC Microelectronics Special Research Centre ARC Photovoltaics Special Research Centre 2000

45 1990s Commercialisation decade ARC Microelectronics Special Research Centre ARC Photovoltaics Special Research Centre 2000

46 1990s Commercialisation decade ARC Microelectronics Special Research Centre ARC Photovoltaics Special Research Centre 2000

1990s Commercialisation decade 1982 1991 ARC Microelectronics

47 1990s Commercialisation decade ARC Microelectronics Special Research Centre ARC Photovoltaics Special Research Centre 2000

48 1990s Decade of commercialisatio Brie and Morgan, 1990 World Solar Challenge, licensed cells on winner Spirit of Biel"

49 Judy and Martin, first large buried contact system, Bern, 1992

50 MAG with 1 MW buried contact system, Europe s largest, Spain, 1994

51 MAG with 1 MW buried contact system, Europe s largest, Spain, 1994 MW % market Europe > 10% market Europe Patents expire May 2005 A$1bn sales

52 MAG with 1 MW buried contact system, Europe s largest, Spain, 1994 MW % market Europe > 10% market Europe Patents expire May 2005 A$1bn sales

53 Australia Prize with Prime Minister, 1999

2000 & beyond: The Solar Revolution 1982 1991

for Third Generation PV ARC Photovoltaics

54 2000 & beyond: The Solar Revolution ARC Microelectronics Special Research Centre ARC Photovoltaics Special Research Centre 2000 ARC Key Centre for PV Engineering 2003 ARC SRC for Third Generation PV ARC Photovoltaics Centre of Excellence 2010 Australian Solar Institute

55 Bloomberg projections (April 2013)

56 Education World s 1 st PV engineering degree 1 st graduates 2004 First 20% cell New Tyree Energy Research Building

57 Education World s 1 st PV engineering degree 1 st graduates 2004 First 20% cell New Tyree Energy Research Building

58 Education World s 1 st PV engineering degree 1 st graduates 2004 First 20% cell New Tyree Energy Research Building

59 Education World s 1 st PV engineering degree 1 st graduates 2004 First 20% cell New Tyree Energy Research Building

60 Impact of our graduates

61 Zhengrong Shi, 12 th PhD student, 1992 First Solar Billionaire

Billion $ recipe Organise Local Capital 2007 : China largest PV manufacturer Strong technical links to key players linked (~70% Chinese product) $7.6b $3.

62 Billion $ recipe Organise Local Capital 2007 : China largest PV manufacturer Strong technical links to key players linked (~70% Chinese product) $7.6b $3.5b Appoint Ex- CEO and/or CTO Set up production line generate cash flow Internationally certify products $2.9b $1.0b IPO : NYSE, NASDAQ $0.8b $0.4b Billion $ company

63 Other CTOs

64 Silicon, equipment Cells, modules Major players in PV emergence GERMANY (policy, market) AUSTRALIA (expertise, founders, CTOs) USA ($$ - NYSE, NASDAQ) CHINA

65 Technology Hub Asia/Pacific Founder ex-coo CTO VP Tech CTO (Founders) Founders COO CSO CTO CTO CTO, Founder Senior Engineers CTO CTO VP Tech Head R&D Hon. President, New Energy Labs CTO VP Tech. VP(US)

landmark achievements 20% silicon cell 1985 20%

multicrystalline cell 1998 25% silicon cell 2008 40%

66 landmark achievements 20% silicon cell % concentrating module % standard module % multicrystalline cell % silicon cell % concentrating module % standard module 2015? 40% standard module 2018?

67 40.4% concentrating module (Nov. 2014)

68 40.4% concentrating module (Nov. 2014)

69 Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics Thank you!

Strategic Outlook for Photovoltaics

Strategic Outlook for Photovoltaics Stuart Wenham CTO, Suntech Director of PV Centre at UNSW 27 th November, 2012 Current & Future Energy Sources 2 Grid Parity being reached by RE sources Value of complementary