Variable speed controllers for asynchronous motors

Transcription

1 Contents Presentation, functions Page 14 Characteristics Pages 15 to 18 References Page 18 Options Page 19 Accessories : Braking resistors Page 20 Line chokes Page 21 Dimensions Pages 22 and 2 Schemes Page 24 Electromagnetic compatibility : Principles Page 25 Starter combinations Pages 26 and 27 Combination of functions and applications Pages 28 and 29 Functions Pages 0 to 5 1

2 Presentation, functions Presentation As a frequency inverter for -phase asynchronous squirrel cage motors, the incorporates the latest technological developments. Robust and compact, conforming to international standards, the is a universal product. Created from our experience over several generations of speed controllers, its functions meet the requirements of the most up-to-date applications, notably : - ventilation/air-conditioning, - pumps and compressors, - horizontal materials handling, - packing/packaging. ATV-18 The increased performance has led to enhanced robustness, safety and ease of installation. Factory preset values / extension of functions The speed controller is supplied ready for use for the majority of applications. Its new algorithms for flux vector control and auto-tuning ensure optimum operation on standard motors worldwide. Comprising an integrated adjustment terminal which can be used to customise your application by modifying the settings. Two hierarchical levels of access make these operations easy and safe : - level 1 : adjustments, - level 2 : extension of functions. It is always easy to return to the factory preset values. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) The speed controller has built-in filters, avoiding additional expense. The incorporation of filters in the speed controllers simplifies installation and reduces the cost of conformity for CE marking. They conform to the following standards : EN /IEC 1800-, domestic and industrial environments. Functions The main functions are : - starting/stopping and speed control, - dynamic braking and braking to standstill, - energy saving, - PI regulator (flow rate, pressure, etc), - protection of motor and speed controller, - preset speeds, - jog operation, - automatic catching a spinning load with speed search (flying restart), - automatic limiting of operating time at low speed, Options The RS 22 C standard PC interconnection option is used for configuration and adjustment on a PC, in plain language (multilingual) : - preparation in the design office without the need to connect the Altivar, - backup on diskette or hard disk, - remote loading to speed controller, - paper printout, - remote display option for enclosure door, - interface for AS-i bus. 14

3 Characteristics Environment Conformity to standards speed controllers have been developed to conform to the strictest national and international standards and the recommendations for electrical industrial control devices (IEC, EN, NFC, VDE), notably : i Low voltage EN 50178, i EMC immunity : - IEC /EN level - IEC /EN level - IEC /EN level 4 - IEC /EN level - IEC 1800-/EN , environments 1 and 2 i EMC, conducted and radiated emissions : - IEC 1800-/EN , environments 1 public sector and 2 industrial sector under restricted distribution, - EN class A (radio interference suppression filters included), - EN class B, with additional filters (consult your local Customer support centre). è marking Product certifications The speed controllers have been developed according to the low voltage European directives (7/2/EEC and 9/68EEC) and EMC (89/6/EEC). For this reason, speed controllers have been given the è mark from the European community. UL and CSA Degree of protection IP 1 IP 20 without the blanking plate from the top of the cover Vibration and shock resistance gn 0.6 from 10 to 50 Hz in accordance with EN from 50 to 150 Hz Degree of pollution Degree 2 according to IEC 664 Relative maximum humidity 9 % without condensation or dripping water Ambient air For storage C temperature in the vicinity of the device For operation C without derating, with the blanking plate in accordance without derating, without the blanking plate with EN Maximum operating altitude m 1000 without derating. Above 1000 m, derate the current by % for each additional 1000 m Operating position Vertical Electrical characteristics Power supply Voltage V % to % single phase % to % -phase % to % -phase Frequency Hz 50/60 ± 5 % Output voltage V Maximum voltage equal to mains voltage Output frequency range Hz Maximum transient current 150 % of speed controller nominal current for 60 seconds Transient overtorque 150 % of nominal motor torque Braking torque 0 % of the nominal motor torque without braking resistor (typical value). Up to 150 % with braking resistor as an option 15

4 Characteristics (continued) Electrical characteristics (continued) Internal sources available 1 output + 10 V + 0 % + 15 % for the setpoint potentiometer (1 kω to 10 kω), maximum rate 10 ma 1 output + 24 V for control inputs, maximum rate 100 ma Analog inputs AI 1 analog input with a voltage range of V, impedance 0 kω : AI1 1 analog input with a voltage range of V, impedance 0,55 kω : AI2 1 analog input with a current range of 0-20 ma or 4-20 ma, impedance 400 Ω : AIC AI2 and AIC cannot be used at the same time Frequency resolution Display units : 0.1 Hz Analog inputs : 0.1 Hz for 100 Hz maximum Time constant when changing a setpoint 5 ms Logic inputs LI 4 logic inputs with an impedance of.5 kω, isolated, can be assigned Power supply + 24 V (maximum 0 V), state 0 if < 5 V, state 1 if > 11 V Logic output LO 1 PLC compatible logic output (open collector), can be assigned + 24 V (19.2 to 0 V), maximum 20 ma with internal source or 200 ma with external source Acceleration and Linear ramps which can be adjusted separately from 0.1 to,600 s (definition 0.1 s) deceleration ramps Automatic adaptation of the ramp times if the torque capacity is exceeded Possible to eliminate the deceleration ramp adaptation Voltage/frequency ratio Preset in the factory for most constant torque applications with sensorless flux vector control. Correction possible : specific ratios for pumps and fans, energy saving, constant torque U/F for special motors Frequency loop gain Preset in the factory. Correction possible for machines with high resistive torque or high inertia, or for machines with short cycles Slip compensation Automatic regardless of the load Elimination (or adjustment) possible Switching frequency Can be adjusted from 2.2 to 12 khz Braking to standstill d.c. injection : - by a contact to an assigned logic input, - automatically for a time which can be set between 0 to 25 s, or continuously, as soon as the deceleration frequency becomes < 0.5 Hz Speed controller protection Electrical isolation between power and control circuits (inputs, outputs, supplies) Protection against short-circuits : - internal supplies available - between output phases Thermal protection against excessive overheating and overcurrents Under and overvoltage supply Overvoltage during braking Motor protection Thermal protection integrated in the speed controller by calculation of I 2 t Fault relay 1 C/O contact Minimum switching capacity : 10 ma for a 5V Maximum switching capacity : - for resistive load : 2 A for c 250 V or a 0 V, - for inductive load : 1.5 A for c 250 V (cos ϕ = 0.4) or 1.5 A for a 0 V. Display 1 red LED on the front panel : - LED on = Altivar powered up Coded display via 4-character 7-segment display unit 16

5 Characteristics, specific uses Torque characteristics (typical graphs) The graphs below define the continuous and transient overtorque available, either on a self-ventilated or force-ventilated motor. The only difference is in the ability of the motor to provide a high continuous torque at less than half nominal speed. T/Tn 1,75 1 Self-ventilated motor : continuous useful torque (1) 1,50 1,25 1 0,95 0,75 0, Force-ventilated motor : continuous useful torque Transient overtorque 4 Torque in overspeed at constant power (2) 0, /0 50/60 75/90 100/120 N (Hz) Specific uses Use with a motor with a power different to the speed controller rating The device can supply any motor with a power less than that for which it is designed. For motor powers slightly greater than the speed controller rating, ensure that the current taken does not exceed the continuous output current of the controller. Connecting motors in parallel The speed controller rating must be greater than or equal to the sum of the currents of the motors to be connected to this speed controller. In this case, external thermal protection must be provided for each motor by thermistors or thermal overload relays. If the number of motors connected in parallel is greater than or equal to, it is recommended that a -phase choke be installed between the controller and the motors. Coupling a motor downstream of the controller Coupling on the fly is possible if the power of the motor to be coupled is low in comparison to the speed controller rating, and if it generates an acceptable overload level (peak current less than or equal to the maximum transient current of the controller). (1) For powers 250 W, derating is less (20 % instead of 50 % at very low frequency). (2) The nominal frequency of the motor and the maximum output frequency can be adjusted from 40 to 20 Hz. Warning : ask the manufacturer for the mechanical overspeed possibilities of the selected motor. 17

6 Characteristics : pages 14 to 17 For asynchronous motors from 0.7 to 15 kw or 0.5 to 20 HP References Speed controllers with a frequency range of 0.5 Hz to 20 Hz Mains supply Motor Power Line Power ContinuousMax. Power Reference Weight supply current (2) indicated output transient dissipated (5) voltage at at on rating current current at nominal U1 U2 (1) U1 U2 plate () (4) load V A A kw HP A A W kg ATV-18U09M /60 Hz single phase ATV-18U18M ATV-18U09M ATV-18U29M ATV-18U41M ATV-18U54M /60 Hz -phase ATV-18U72M ATV-18U90M ATV-18D12M ATV-18U72N ATV-18U18N /60 Hz -phase ATV-18U29N ATV-18U41N ATV-18U54N ATV-18U72N ATV-18U90N ATV-18D12N ATV-18D16N ATV-18D2N (1) Nominal power supply voltages, minimum : U1, maximum : U2. (2) Typical value without additional choke. () These power values are given for a switching frequency of 4 khz. (4) For 60 seconds. (5) Speed controllers supplied with user guide in four languages (German, English, Spanish, French). 18

7 Options Dimensions : page 22 References Dialogue options for ATV-18 controllers, all ratings Description Reference Weight kg RS 22 C PC interconnection option with software (1) VW-A "1/2 disks (software only) VW-A Remote display option This option comprises 7-segment displays on the front panel. One of the following 4 display parameters can be selected using the switch at the rear : frequency setpoint, motor current, rotation frequency or network voltage. Description Reference Weight kg Package comprising : VW-A a m cable with connectors - seal and screw for IP 65 mounting on enclosure door - mounting guide Analogue output option This option is used to connect a display and to operate one of the following 4 display parameters : frequency setpoint, motor current, rotation frequency or network voltage. Parameters can be selected using the switch on the front. Description Reference Weight kg VW-A18106 Current analogue output : 4-20 ma VW-A for impedance from 0 to 500 Ω Linearity : 1 % AS-i interface This interface enables the following to communicate on the AS-i bus : - controls available on the 4 logic inputs, - data available on the R2 relay and the LO logic output. It is connected to these inputs/outputs. VW-A18107 Description Reference Weight kg AS-i interface (2) ABE-8S44SBB (1) Package comprising : - a 5 m connecting cable with connectors for PC, - a 1.2 m connecting cable with connectors for controller, - an adaptor module, - "1/2 disks containing the software. (2) For cables and connection accessories, please consult our specialist catalogue. 19

8 Accessories : braking resistors Dimensions : page 2 Presentation, characteristics, references Presentation Characteristics The resistor allows the controller to operate in quadrants 2 and 4 of the torque-speed diagram, by dissipating the braking energy. Presentation : enclosed resistor with or without protection by temperature controlled switch depending on the model. Applications : machines with high inertia, driving loads, machines with short cycles. Resistors VW-A16701 to VW-A16704, VW-A66701 VW-A66702 Ambient air temperature C Degree of protection of the unit IP 0 IP 0 Protection of the resistor By temperature controlled switch (1) By temperature controlled switch (1) mperature controlled switch Tripping temperature C 10 ± 5 % 260 ± 14 % Max. voltage - max. current c 110 V - 0. A c 220 V - 6 A Min. voltage - min. current a 24 V A a 24 V A Maximum contact resistance mω Load factor The average value of the power which can be dissipated at 40 C by the resistor in the unit is determined for of resistors a load factor during braking which corresponds to most common applications : - braking of 2 seconds with a torque of 0.6 Tn every 40 seconds, - braking of 0.8 seconds with a torque of 1.5 Tn every 40 seconds. Load factor of speed controllers ATV18U09M2 ATV18U18M2 ATV18U29M2 Other controllers The internal circuits of the speed controllers which ensure braking on external resistors are sized for the following cycles. If these values are exceeded, the controller locks and displays an error Tn for 8 seconds per minute - Tn for 12 seconds per minute Tn for 20 seconds per minute Tn for 4 seconds per minute - Tn for 6 seconds per minute Tn for 10 seconds per minute - 1. Tn for 2 seconds per minute - Tn for seconds per minute Tn for 5 seconds per minute Tn for 60 seconds per cycle of 140 seconds - Tn continuously Operating cycle Speed 0 t Time t : braking time T : cycle time T References For a specific application, it is necessary to redefine the power of the resistor, taking account of the new load factor. Consult your local customer support centre. For speed controllers Ohmic Average available Reference Weight value power at 40 C (2) Ω W kg ATV-18U09M2, U18M2, U29M VW-A ATV-18U18N4, U29N4, U41N VW-A ATV-18U41M2, U54M VW-A ATV-18U54N4, U72N VW-A ATV-18U72M2, U90N4, D12N VW-A VW-A ATV-18U90M2, D12M2, D16N4, VW-A D2N4 (1) The temperature controlled switch must be connected in sequence (use for signalling or to control the line contactor). (2) Power which can be dissipated by the resistor at a maximum temperature of 115 C, corresponding to a maximum temperature rise of 75 C in an atmosphere of 40 C.

9 Accessories : line chokes Dimensions : page 2 Presentation, references Presentation These chokes can be used to provide improved protection against overvoltages on the mains supply and to reduce harmonic distortion of the current produced by the speed controller. The chokes recommended are used to limit the line current. They have been developed in tandem with standard EN (VDE 0160 level 1 high energy overvoltages on the mains supply). Choke values are defined for a voltage drop of between and 5 % of the nominal mains voltage. A higher value causes a loss of torque. The use of line chokes is particularly recommended in the following cases : i Mains supply with significant interference from other equipment (disturbances, overvoltages). i Mains supply with a voltage imbalance between phases > 1.8 % of the nominal voltage. i Speed controller supplied by a line with low impedance (close to transformers 10 times more powerful than the controller rating). The minimum line choke corresponds to an assumed short-circuit current Isc of 22,000 A. i Installation of a large number of frequency converters on the same supply. i Reduced overload in the cos ϕ of power factor correction capacitors, if installed. Chokes for single phase speed controllers For Degree of protection Characteristics Reference Weight controllers Choke rminals kg ATV-18U09M2 IP00 IP20 10 mh - 4 A VZ1-L004M ATV-18U18M2 IP00 IP20 5 mh - 7 A VZ1-L007UM ATV-18U29M2, U41M2 IP00 IP20 2 mh -18 A VZ1-L018UM Chokes for -phase speed controllers For Degree of protection Characteristics Reference Weight controllers Choke rminals kg ATV-18U18N4, U29N4 IP00 IP20 10 mh - 4 A VW-A ATV-18U41N4, U54N4, IP00 IP20 4 mh - 10 A VW-A U72N4 ATV-18U54M2, U90N4, IP00 IP20 2 mh - 16 A VW-A D12N4 VW-A6650 ATV-18U72M2, U90M2, IP00 IP10 1 mh - 0 A VW-A D12M2, D16N4, D2N4 Other services For repairs and spare parts for speed controllers, consult your local customer support centre. 21

10 Characteristics : pages 14 to 17 Schemes : page 24 Dimensions ATV-18iiii c b 4 Ø = G = a = H = ATV-18 a b c G H Ø U09M2, U18M U29M2, U18N4, U29N U41M2, U54M2, U72M2, U41N4, U54N4, U72N U90M2, D12M2, U90N4, D12N D16N4, D2N Installation precautions 100 For ATV-18 all ratings : - when installing, respect the minimum dimensions shown opposite, Flow rate of ventilation fans Speed controllers flow m /minute - install the Altivar in a vertical position, ATV18U09M2, U18M2, U18M4 not coooled avoid placing the Altivar close to or above heaters. - leave enough space to ensure circulation of the air necessary for cooling. Ventilation is from the bottom to the top of the device. ATV18U29M2, U29N ATV18U41M2, U54M2, U72M U41N4, U54N4, U72N4 ATV18U90M2, D12M2, U90N4, 1. D12N4, D16N4, D2N4 PC adaptation module VW-A Analogue output option VW-A

11 = Variable speed controllers for asynchronous motors Characteristics : pages 14 to 17 Schemes : page 24 Dimensions Braking resistors VW-A16701 to VW-A16704 VW-A66701 and VW-A66702 c a 7,5 = = 8,75 b 2xØ5 H c = = a = H b xø5,5 = 77,5 = VW- a b c H VW- a b c H A A A16702, A1670, A A phase chokes VW-A66501 to VW-A66504 Single phase chokes VZ1-Liiiiiii 4xØ b b H c c1 8xØ G G1 a H c G a VW- a b c c1 G G1 H Ø VZ1- a b c G H Ø A x 9 L004M A , x 12 L007UM A , x 12 L018UM A x 12 2

12 Characteristics : pages 14 to 17 Dimensions : page 22 and 2 Schemes, compatibility Basic schemes only : to be adapted to meet local standards and regulations Schemes -phase supply Single phase supply Q1 U V W PO PA PB + 10 AI1 COM (0 V) AIC L1 L2 SB AI2 LO LO Q Q2 2 T1 1 Q S2 2 S1 KM1 A1 A2 1 Q2 2 T1 1 Q S2 2 S1 KM1 A1 A2 4 5 Q Q2 6 KM1 1 5 A1 KM1 SB SC 1 14 KM1 1 A1 KM1 SB SC (1) (2) (4) L1 L2 L SB SC SA A1 U V W PO PA PB LI1 LI2 LI LI SC SA LI1 LI2 LI LI AI1 COM (0 V) AIC AI2 LO LO (1) (2) (4) A1 U1 V1 W1 M Braking resistor if used Reference potentiometer 0-20 ma 4-20 ma V Or KA () U1 V1 W1 M Braking resistor if used Reference potentiometer 0-20 ma 4-20 ma V Or KA () Other connections External 24 V supply VW-A18107 option LI1 LI2 (4) LI LI COM (0 V) LO + 0 V V supply + (1) Line choke, if used (2) Safety relay contacts : to indicate the status of the speed controller remotely () PLC input or relay a 24 V (4) + 24 V internal. If an external + 24 V supply is used, connect the 0 V to the COM terminal, do not use the + 24 terminal of the speed controller. Connect LO+ and the input common LI to the + 24 V of the external supply. Note : - All the terminals are situated at the bottom of the controller - Fit suppressors to all the inductive circuits close to the controller where connected on the same circuit, such as relays, contactors, solenoid valves, fluorescent lighting, etc. Compatible components (for complete references refer to our catalogue no. ICC 1565) Code Q1 KM1 Designation GV2-L or Compact NS (see following pages) LC1-Dii + LA4-DA2U (see following pages) S1, S2 Pushbuttons XB2-B or XA2-B T1 Q2 Q 24 Transformer 100 VA secondary 220 V GV2-L rated at twice the nominal current of T1 primary GB2-CB05

13 Characteristics : pages 14 to 17 Electromagnetic compatibility Principles, installation diagram Principles - grounds between the speed controller, the motor and the cable shielding must have "high frequency" equipotentiality, - use shielded cables with shielding connected to the ground at 60 at both ends for the motor cable and the controlsignalling cables. This shielding on part of the run can be in the form of metal ducting or conduit providing there is no break in continuity. - keep the mains supply cable as far away as possible from the motor cable. Installation diagram Mounting plate, unpainted flat sheet steel, with anti-corrosion treated conductor (machine ground wiring). Painted steel can be used on condition that good electrical contact is ensured between the mating and mounting surfaces with 2 and 5. 2 fixed directly to the mounting plate (equipotential grounds). Non-shielded supply wires or cable for connecting the line choke, if used. 4 Non-shielded cables for fault relay contact output. 5 The shielding for cables 6 and 7 should be fixed and grounded as close to the controller as possible : - strip the shielding, - use the correct size clamps on the stripped parts of the shielding to fix to the mounting plate 1. The shielding must be clamped tightly enough to the mounting plate for the contacts to be good. - type of clamps : stainless steel. 6 Shielded cable for connecting the motor, with shielding connected to the ground at both ends. This shielding must be uninterrupted, and any intermediate terminal blocks must be in an EMC shielded metal case. 7 Shielded cable for connecting the control/command system. For uses which require several conductors, small cross-sections should be used (0.5mm 2 ) The shielding must be connected to the ground at both ends. This shielding must be uninterrupted, and any intermediate terminal blocks must be in an EMC shielded metal case. Note : The HF equipotential ground connection between the filter, speed controller, motor and cable shielding does not remove the need to connect the protective conductors PE (green-yellow) to the appropriate terminals on each of the units. 25

14 Characteristics : pages 14 to 17 Starter combinations Compatible components for assembly by the customer Applications To protect people and property whatever the level of overcurrent (overload or short-circuit). To reduce maintenance costs in the event of an incident by minimising the intervention time and the cost of replacing equipment. The compatible products suggested allow general compliance with the requirements of type 2 coordination. That is : no damage or detriment is permitted. Isolation must be maintained after an incident, the motor starter circuit must be able to operate after a short-circuit has been cleared. The risk of welding the contactor contacts is permitted if these can be easily separated. Before restarting the equipment, a quick inspection is sufficient. Single phase (220 to 240 V) or -phase (200 to 20 V) supply voltage For motors 0.7 to 7.5 kw or 0.5 to 10 HP Motor circuit breaker NS80HMA : product marketed under the Merlin Gerin brand. Composition of contactors LC1-D09 to LC1-D2 : -pole + 1 N/O auxiliary contact. LC1 D40 : -pole + 1 N/O auxiliary contact, + 1 N/C auxiliary contact Standard Circuit breaker Max. Contactor Speed controller powers of Reference Rating short- Basic Reference -phase 4-pole circuit reference motors current to be completed 50/60 Hz 20 V by the voltage P (1) code (2) kw HP A ka GV2-L LC1-D0910ii ATV-18U09M GV2-L LC1-D1810ii ATV-18U18M2 GV2-L + LC1-D + ATV GV2-L LC1-D2510ii ATV-18U29M2 2.2 GV2-L LC1-D2510ii ATV-18U41M2 GV2-L LC1-D2510ii ATV-18U54M2 4 5 GV2-L LC1-D2510ii ATV-18U72M NS80HMA LC1-D210ii ATV-18U90M NS80HMA LC1-D4011ii ATV-18D12M2 (1) The values expressed in HP conform to NEC (National Electrical Code). (2) Existing control circuit voltages (variable delay : consult your local customer support centre). a.c. control circuit LC1-D Volts c / / Hz B5 D5 E5 F5 M5 P5 U5 Q5 V5 N5 R5 S5 Y5 60 Hz B6 D6 E6 F6 M6 U6 Q6 R6 50/60 Hz B7 D7 E7 F7 M7 P7 U7 Q7 V7 N7 R7 Other voltages between 24 and 660 V, or d.c. control circuit, consult your local customer support centre. 26

15 Characteristics : pages 14 to 17 Starter combinations Compatible components for assembly by the customer -phase supply voltage 400 to 460 V For motors 0.75 to 15 kw or 1 to 20 HP Motor circuit beaker NS80HMA : product marketed under the Merlin Gerin brand. Composition of contactors LC1-D18 to LC1-D2 : -pole + 1 N/O auxiliary contact. LC1-D40 and LC1-D50 : -pole + 1 N/O auxiliary contact, + 1 N/C auxiliary contact Standard Circuit breaker Max. Contactor Speed controller powers of Reference Rating short- Basic Reference -phase 4-pole circuit reference motors current to be completed 50/60 Hz 400 V by the voltage P (1) code (2) kw HP A ka GV2-L LC1-D0910ii ATV-18U18N GV2-L LC1-D1810ii ATV-18U29N4 2.2 GV2-L LC1-D1810ii ATV-18U41N4 GV2-L LC1-D2510ii ATV-18U54N4 NS80HMA + LC1-D + ATV GV2-L LC1-D2510ii ATV-18U72N GV2-L LC1-D2510ii ATV-18U90N GV2-L LC1-D2510ii ATV-18D12N NS80HMA LC1-D4011ii ATV-18D16N NS80HMA LC1-D5011ii ATV-18D2N4 (1) The values expressed in HP conform to NEC (National Electrical Code). (2) Existing control circuit voltages (variable delay : consult your local customer support centre). a.c. control circuit. LC1-D Volts c / / Hz B5 D5 E5 F5 M5 P5 U5 Q5 V5 N5 R5 S5 Y5 60 Hz B6 D6 E6 F6 M6 U6 Q6 R6 50/60 Hz B7 D7 E7 F7 M7 P7 U7 Q7 V7 N7 R7 Other voltages between 24 and 660 V, or d.c. control circuit, consult your local customer support centre. 27