DVANCED ENERGY SOLUTIONS presents

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1 DVANCED ENERGY SOLUTIONS presents

2 What is WAVE WPT? WAVE Wireless Power Transfer has been developed by the Energy Dynamics Laboratory (EDL) in Utah, USA. The development was financed by Utah State University Research Foundation and U.S. Department of Energy. Wireless Advanced Vehicle Electrification, Inc. (WAVE), is a technology spinoff from Utah State University. WAVE and Utah Transit Authority are implementing a wireless charging system funded by a TIGGER grant from the U.S. Department of Transportation. The Transit Investment for Greenhouse Gas and Energy Reduction (TIGGER) program disburses funds that reduce the grantee s transit-related greenhouse gas output and/or energy requirements. WAVE WTP meets the stringent magnetic field safety standard of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guideline. According to ICNIRP, human health effects at these field levels are completely mitigated. The system can operate with a horizontal misalignment of up to 20 cm from the center of the transmitter magnet and a vertical misalignment of cm. This represents a reasonable tolerance for the operation and parking of vehicles. WPT is a sound principle based on two natural laws: Ampere s law and Faraday s law. A WPT transmitter creates a high-frequency alternating current in a track or coil. By Ampere s law, this current produces a time varying magnetic field and according to Faraday s law, when the magnetic field penetrates an air gap and links to a receiving coil, a voltage is induced in that coil. RECEIVER TRANSMITTER Figure 1

3 Using magnetically resonant inductively coupled designs, power can be transferred safely and efficiently over sub-meter distances while minimally affecting other objects and biological organisms nearby. Only objects tuned to the transmitter frequency draw significant power. Consequently, when the resonant receiving pickup is removed from the system, the transmitter sees no load and draws almost no power. The transmitter would also turn off and no longer generate a magnetic field. This would eliminate potential for interaction of the magnetic field with other objects. Figure 2 illustrates the WPT process in the context of charging a municipal bus. The red line shows a typical route where green points are bus stops with WPT charging infrastructure and black points are the standard stops. The number of receiver stations on a typical route depends on the length of the route and other parameters. Other electrical vehicles can be charged in a similar manner. EDL has developed a 5-10 kw 90% efficient system that can transfer power over an air gap of 20 cm. Charging stations are placed on the route where the bus has waiting time to charge. The bus recharges every time it stops at that point of the route. The number of charging stops depends on the specific parameters of the route such as waiting time and the length of the lap. The system is scalable depending on the vehicle size and route requirements. The number of magnets in both the receiver and transmitter can be scaled, that is for 40KW system there would be four magnets in the receiver and corresponding four magnets in the transmitter. This provides ultimate flexibility and the capability to fit the charging system upon almost any electric vehicle. PARAMETERS VALUE NOTES Power Level Frequency Air Gap Efficiency Voltage Magnet Dimension Magnet Weight Misalignment EMF Exposure Modularity Inverter Control table 1 5kW 20kHz cm Circa 90% 300VDC 81.3cm diameter ~20.4kg 15.2cm in gap ICNIRP Scalable Precise Upgradeable to 10kW With maintained efficiency across range > 98% Magnetic Transfer 208VAC/3Φ input / 300VDC output (configurable input / output voltages) Number of magnets varies by need Researching reduced weight With maintained efficiency (conical region) Meets latest ICNIRP standards Rapid design deployment Precise 10ns control resolution WAVE Wireless Power Transfer Enabling Electric Vehicles Electric motors are more efficient and environmentally friendly than internal combustion engines. However, in practice batterries cause economic and operational limitations in electric vehicles. Batteries are heavy and exceedingly amounting for as much as 50% of the vehicle cost and have a short life cycle. Using the WAVE system reduces vehicle weight by as much as 1/10 to 1/3 of the total bus weight. With WAVE, the battery size is reduced by up to % compared to systems using WIRED POWER TRANSFER. Through a significant reduction of the battery size, overall replacement costs are vastly reduced. WAVE WPT system enables cities to benefit by reducing pollution, increasing energy efficiency, and improving aesthetics in a practical and economically feasible way. Figure 2

4 Comparative Advantages to Wired Charging Systems Wired charging is inconvenient and hazardous for operators. It is one of the reasons why people are skeptical about driving electric vehicles. This problem is solved by the WAVE system. Fast and slow charging options can be selected without leaving the vehicle, so there is no need to brave the weather to activate charging. With WAVE WPT, there is no plugging-in or unplugging because the charging process is carried out automatically. These features remove the concern about stained clothes and dirty hands from cords as well as the risk of forgetting to plug-in to activate the process of charging. Fast and slow charging is carried out by one system, as a result there is no need for additional investment and installation work. This feature provides more flexibility to the users as well as operators. WAVE is Safe WAVE has no moving parts; it is a solid state system. Its components are double isolated and extremely rugged and tough, resistant to chemicals, debris, weather and water. This system is immune to corrosion and cannot short circuit, making it crash safe. The system has 3 layers of physical failsafe (2 hardware and 1 software). It is specially designed to protect hardware and all users in unexpected conditions, operating modes and component failures. Wireless transfer is safe and harmless to humans and animals. Major concerns such as danger of electrocution and hazard of tripping on cables are removed. The problem with vandalism and theft is eliminated since there are no charging components to steal, damage or unplug. WPT system preserves the aesthetics of a historic city by avoiding unnecessary street clutter and eyesore of overhead cables. WPT system maintains precious footpath area. The optical sensors detect unwanted objects and are able to stop power transmission. This is to prevent potentially harmful exposure to non-ionizing magnetic radiation, such as those from a microwave. wave wpt magnet

5 A Case Study in the Czech Republic European Priority: Energy & Environmental Policy Energy security and environmental sustainability are priority policy goals of the EU. Current dynamics of the energy market indicate that fossil fuel prices will continue to rise and political instability will continue to have an adverse impact on the security of supply. The Czech Republic is highly dependent on the imports of fossil fuels and has announced a government energy strategy that aims to develop nuclear electricity generation capability further to attain the policy objectives mentioned above. Municipal transportation is a substantial user of energy resources and a significant source of urban pollution. Public transportation requires an immediate practical solution to address pollution and energy security problems. Electric buses have technical and economic limitations due to current battery & charging technology. With the WAVE Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) system cities can deploy electric bus systems. This enables the community to attain higher environmental goals while being economically competitive compared to conventional transportation. ASSUMPTIONS & CALCULATIONS FOR A 12 YEAR LIFECYCLE ESTIMATE Average route length (km) Number of buses running on the route Annual distance traveled per 1 bus (km) Bus passenger capacity Battery capacity without WAVE Battery capacity with WAVE Battery weight without WAVE Battery weight with WAVE WAVE weight savings Battery cost without WAVE Battery cost with WAVE CO2 lifecycle tailpipe emissions Diesel CO2 lifecycle tailpipe emissions CNG CO2 lifecycle tailpipe emissions WAVE WPT , kWh 84 kwh 1424 kg 462 kg 962 kg 1,990,000 CZK 642,600 CZK 7,432,445 kg 3,738,581 kg 0 table 2

6 In this example the CAPEX is approximately 95,000,000 CZK for an operational turnkey solution including buses and charging systems. The lead-time from the point of executing a binding purchase order and down payment is 18 months. Each system will be engineered according to the requirements of the specific route so as to optimize the economic efficiency. Such a project can be financed via a blend of 50,000,000 CZK as an operational lease for the buses and vendor loan of up to 20% of the infrastructure cost of 45,000,000 for a term of 12 years. Financial support is available by several subsidy programs that may cover up to 60% of the total cost of the project. Taking into account subsidy support for clean air & energy efficient projects the overall equity payable by the customer can as low as 25,000,000 CZK with the balance funded by operational lease & contractor credit. Each customer is unique and therefore the cost and financing available will be optimized to suit the needs of the customer. As illustrated in Figure 3, the comparison for a 12-year lifecycle cost, per bus, of CNG, Diesel and WAVE EV is compelling. Over the lifecycle WAVE EV system energy costs are five times less then that of a diesel bus. The total WPT bus lifecycle cost is lower than the alternatives and the WPT system also provides for substantial energy savings. Energy efficiency is a key policy of the EU that ensures frugal usage of resources and improves energy independence. In line with Czech energy policy to increase nuclear capacity for electricity generation, the use of WAVE EV is compatible with this strategy by switching transportation to electricity. The savings for a subsidized WAVE EV in comparison to other transportation options is substantial. In addition, current environmental problems and recent publications by the OECD indicate that the Czech Republic has some of the highest rates of pollution in the EU. 25,000,000 CZK 20,000,000 CZK 15,000,000 CZK 10,000,000 CZK 5,000,000 CZK Figure 3 0 CZK CNG DIESEL WAVE EV WAVE EV SUBSIDY INFRASTRUCTURE VEHICLE SERVICE ENERGY The WAVE EV system has no tailpipe emissions; thus, in comparison to CNG & Diesel systems it can reduce overall system emissions of pollutants drastically. This is also in line with the environmental directives of the EU. On a more personal level, each of us has been stuck in traffic behind a Diesel bus spouting exhaust smoke on our cars and making noise; with WAVE WPT, cities can now enjoy quiet, reliable, economically efficient and clean transportation!

7 How can you benefit? Advanced Energy Solutions s.r.o. (AES), the exclusive prime contractor of WAVE WPT in Eastern Europe, provides a turnkey WAVE solution, which includes the following: installation and implementation of the WAVE WPT system with the power transfer pads (in the ground charging system and the receiver pad on the bus), evaluation of site and cost benefit analysis, financing structure, engineering, installation and testing, commissioning, training, service and maintenance, and 24 hour emergency repair. AES is vendor neutral in relation to vehicles and therefore can fit the WAVE charging system on vehicles specified by the customer. AES provides financing support. Several financing options are available such as blends of subsidy, equity, contractor credit or operational leasing for vehicles. Fleet rotation support can also be included allowing for the disposal of the current fleet of vehicles. In order to start benefiting from the solution, please the following information to wpt@sarn.us: Name and point of contact of your organization Two sentence description of organization Route length in kilometers Number of laps driven per day per bus Number of buses running on the route Amount of recovery time permitted per lap (this is stationary charging time) Annual vehicle kilometers traveled on the route per bus Once we receive the information, within 72 hours our team will prepare a custom offer for your organization. We will get in touch with you to work out the details such as site-specific issues, financial support and implementation timetable.

8 DVANCED ENERGY SOLUTIONS Praha 1, Vodickova 791/