VOC observations within the Swiss National Air Pollution Monitoring Network

Transcription

1 VOC observations within the Swiss National Air Pollution Monitoring Network Basel Lägeren Tänikon Härkingen Zürich Dübendorf Lausanne 50km Payerne Chaumont Bern Sion Jungfraujoch Rigi Magadino Lugano Davos N urban, kerbside urban, in park at motorway suburban rural, below 1000 m asl rural, above 1000 m asl forest high altitude M. Steinbacher S. Reimann, M.K. Vollmer, M. Hill, C. Hueglin Empa, Laboratory for Air Pollution / Environmental Technology 3 rd WMO/GAW expert meeting on global observations of VOCs, Helsinki, June 2010

2 NMVOC measurements within NABEL

3 Instruments station instrument type m surement uncertainty detection limits interval / sampling time sample volume GC FID Rigi Zurich Agilent % 10 ppt 2h / 40min 480 ml 300 ml GC PID Duebendorf Syntech GC955 10% 10 ppt 20 min 150 ml ADS GCMS Jungfraujoch Agilent % 2 5 ppt 4h / 40min 2 l Medusa GCMS Jungfraujoch Agilent % 2 5 ppt 2h / 20min 2 l selected combustion FID Duebendorf Lugano Zurich Horiba APHA300E APHA350E APHA360 4 % 20 ppbc continuous (10 min) 0.9 l/min

4 Scale, calibration, quality control VOC specific measurements calibration every 4 weeks with a multi component standard in the low ppb range for alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, dialkenes, and aromatics C9 from National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK regular blank measurements visual inspection of detector sensitivity

5 Scale, calibration, quality control VOC specific measurements calibration every 4 weeks with a multi component standard in the low ppb range for alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, dialkenes, and aromatics C9 from National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK regular blank measurements visual inspection of detector sensitivity area / ppb C isobutane n butane trans 2 butene 1 butene cis 2 butene 1,3 butadiene mean

6 Scale, calibration, quality control VOC specific measurements calibration every 4 weeks with a multi component standard in the low ppb range for alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, dialkenes, and aromatics C9 from National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK regular blank measurements visual inspection of detector sensitivity total VOC measurements calibration every 2 weeks with CH4 check of cutter efficiency with propane twice a year

7 Ethane 1989 at a rural site and 2009 in Zurich rural site (Laegern) 1989 urban site (Zuerich) ethane ethane ppb ppb

8 VOCs from the boundary layer to the free troposphere 4 aromatics ppb 3 2 C2 benzenes toluene benzene 1 0 Zurich (centre) Zurich (suburban) Rigi (remote) Jungfraujoch (high altitude)

9 Benzene at European background sites benzene [ppb] daily averages Mace Head Jungfraujoch 01/ / / / /2010 time [mm/yyyy] Mace Head data: courtesy of University of Bristol

10 Ethane from urban to background Zuerich Rigi Jungfraujoch ethane [ppb] daily averages Zurich Rigi Jungfraujoch 01/ / /2010 time [mm/yyyy]

11 Isopentane from urban to background Zuerich Rigi Jungfraujoch isopentane [ppb] daily averages Zurich Rigi Jungfraujoch time [mm/yyyy]

12 Anthropogenic VOC emissions in Switzerland NABEL VOC programme emissions Emissionen [t/year] [t/jahr] Total Industry Traffic Households Agric./forest

13 VOC emission reduction by incentive tax on VOCs total totale VOC VOC emissions Emissionen [kt [kt/jahr] / year] CHF /kg 3 CHF /kg 14% 34% 3% VOC emissions per category [kt / year] Teil VOC Emissionen [kt/jahr] total CH emissions industry, w incentive households, w incentive traffic, w/o incentive industry, w/o incentive agric./forest., w/o housholds, w/o

14 VOC emission reduction by incentive tax on VOCs total totale VOC VOC emissions Emissionen [kt [kt/jahr] / year] CHF /kg 3 CHF /kg 14% 34% 3% VOC emissions per category [kt / year] Teil VOC Emissionen [kt/jahr] total CH emissions industry, w incentive households, w incentive traffic, w/o incentive industry, w/o incentive agric./forest., w/o housholds, w/o

15 17 years of aromatic VOCs (BTX) at Dübendorf mixing ratio [ppb] monthly averages benzene toluene C2 benzene 01/ / / /2010 time [mm/yyyy]

16 17 years of aromatic VOCs (BTX) at Dübendorf benzene content in fuel from 2% to 1% mixing ratio [ppb] monthly averages benzene toluene C2 benzene toluene/benzene 01/ / / /2010 time [mm/yyyy]

17 Total NMVOCs in Switzerland NMVOC [ppbc] monthly averages Lugano Duebendorf Zurich 01/ / / /2010 time [mm/yyyy]

18 Specific and total VOCs at an urban site benzene [ppb] NMVOC [ppbc] monthly averages, Zurich 11.3% /yr 4.5% /yr 4.1% /yr isopentane [ppb] 01/ / / / /2010 time [mm/yyyy]

19 Conclusions & Outlook continuous long term observations in Switzerland from urban to high Alpine sites significant downward trend in VOC concentrations in urban / suburban environments strongest for aromatics NMVOCs concentrations decrease less than most of the major VOCs future studies might aim at a VOC mass closure (missing VOCs? role of OVOCs? biogenic VOCs?) ACTRIS: mass closure experiments at several European sites better homogenization of measurements common quality assurance procedures